1
|
Kobayashi H, Okajima K, Zhang L, Hirai T, Ishibashi Y, Tsuda Y, Ikegami M, Kawai A, Tanaka S. Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma: a population-based cohort study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:471-478. [PMID: 38183215 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare sarcoma in adults. The clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognostic factors associated with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma remain unclear. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry of Japan, and enrolled patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Disease-specific overall survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS In total, 182 patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma were included. Median age was 63 (range 20-95) years. The lower extremity (48%) was the most frequent tumor origin site, while head and neck were rare (4%). A total of 43 patients (24%) had distant or regional nodal metastases at first presentation. In all cases, the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 66.3% and 54.1%, respectively. Distant metastasis was a significant poor prognostic factor (Hazard ratio 6.65; 95% confidence intervals, 3.00-14.75, P < 0.0001), with median survival of such patients being 9.4 (95% confidence intervals: 5.3-12.2) months. In 134 localized cases, the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 91.5% and 68.3%, respectively. Large tumor size and older age were associated with poorer prognosis. Through data from localized and locally curative cases extracted and adjusted by propensity score matching, we found that perioperative chemotherapy did not improve disease-specific overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival or local recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma are similar to those of other high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma may be less chemosensitive, and a strategy other than the standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is required to improve its prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koichi Okajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Liuzhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hirai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masachika Ikegami
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao D, Zhou F, Liu W, Huang Z, Xu X, Zheng B, Liu C, Bai C, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang W, Xiao S. Adult head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: radiotherapy- based treatment, outcomes, and predictors of survival. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:340. [PMID: 38486204 PMCID: PMC10938762 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) is an exceptionally rare malignancy, and there is a paucity of data and research dedicated to understanding its characteristics and management in adult populations. This study aimed to assess the outcomes and identify survival predictors in adult HNRMS. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 42 adult patients (> 16 years) with HNRMS who received radiotherapy (RT)-based treatment at our institute between 2008 and 2022. We analysed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients, including the locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), using the Kaplan-Meier method. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse differences between groups for dichotomous and categorical variables, respectively. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were assessed through univariate Cox analyses. RESULTS The median patient age was 28 years (range, 16-82 years). Alveolar RMS was the most common histological type, observed in 21 patients (50.0%), followed by embryonal in 16 patients (38.1%). The anatomic sites of origin were orbital in one (2.4%), parameningeal in 26 (61.9%), and non-orbital/non-parameningeal in 15 (35.7%) patients. Nineteen patients (45.2%) had regional lymph node metastasis, and five patients (11.9%) presented with distant metastatic disease. Distant metastasis (n = 17) was the primary cause of treatment failure. At a median follow-up of 47.0 months, the 5-year LRFS, PFS, and OS rates were 69.0%, 39.7%, and 41.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that tumour size, lymph node involvement, and the local treatment pattern (surgery and RT vs. RT alone) were significant predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS The main failure pattern in patients with HNRMS receiving RT-based treatment was distant metastasis. Tumour size > 5 cm and lymph node involvement were predictors of worse LRFS. Multimodality local treatment, combining surgery and RT, is effective and provides survival benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baomin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chujie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weihu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Shaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, 100142, Beijing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakamura N, Suzuki R, Takahashi Y, Uwamori A, Masuda M, Fukui T, Noda Y, Tsuta K, Naganuma M. Primary Gastric Rhabdomyosarcoma. Intern Med 2023; 62:3483-3488. [PMID: 37081684 PMCID: PMC10749818 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1645-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare. An 87-year-old man visited our clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT revealed a massive tumor originating from the muscularis propria of the stomach along with splenic vein tumor thrombosis. We diagnosed the patient with primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uwamori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Masataka Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuri Noda
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pomella S, Porrazzo A, Cassandri M, Camero S, Codenotti S, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Barillari G, Cenci G, Marchese C, Fanzani A, Megiorni F, Rota R, Marampon F. Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13281. [PMID: 36362070 PMCID: PMC9656983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence that includes FP-RMS, harboring the fusion oncoprotein PAX3/7-FOXO1 and FN-RMS, often mutant in the RAS pathway. Risk stratifications of RMS patients determine different prognostic groups and related therapeutic treatment. Current multimodal therapeutic strategies involve surgery, chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy (RT), but despite the deeper knowledge of response mechanisms underpinning CHT treatment and the technological improvements that characterize RT, local failures and recurrence frequently occur. This review sums up the RMS classification and the management of RMS patients, with special attention to RT treatment and possible radiosensitizing strategies for RMS tumors. Indeed, RMS radioresistance is a clinical problem and further studies aimed at dissecting radioresistant molecular mechanisms are needed to identify specific targets to hit, thus improving RT-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- Units of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biotechnology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Milazzo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vulcano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biotechnology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Camero S, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Porrazzo A, Barillari G, Marchese C, Codenotti S, Tomaciello M, Rota R, Fanzani A, Megiorni F, Marampon F. Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016894. [PMID: 36248991 PMCID: PMC9559533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, frequently accounting the genitourinary tract is complex and requires a multimodal therapy. In particular, as a consequence of the advancement in dose conformity technology, radiation therapy (RT) has now become the standard therapeutic option for patients with RMS. In the clinical practice, dose and timing of RT are adjusted on the basis of patients' risk stratification to reduce late toxicity and side effects on normal tissues. However, despite the substantial improvement in cure rates, local failure and recurrence frequently occur. In this review, we summarize the general principles of the treatment of RMS, focusing on RT, and the main molecular pathways and specific proteins involved into radioresistance in RMS tumors. Specifically, we focused on DNA damage/repair, reactive oxygen species, cancer stem cells, and epigenetic modifications that have been reported in the context of RMS neoplasia in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The precise elucidation of the radioresistance-related molecular mechanisms is of pivotal importance to set up new more effective and tolerable combined therapeutic approaches that can radiosensitize cancer cells to finally ameliorate the overall survival of patients with RMS, especially for the most aggressive subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Milazzo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vulcano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Units of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Miriam Tomaciello
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Vita A, Vanni S, Fausti V, Cocchi C, Recine F, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Bassi M, Gessaroli M, Campobassi A, De Luca G, Pieri F, Farnedi A, Franchini E, Ferrari A, Domizio C, Cavagna E, Gurrieri L, Bongiovanni A, Riva N, Calpona S, Di Menna G, Debonis SA, Ibrahim T, Mercatali L. Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Pharmacological Profile of Uncommon Entities of Adult Rhabdomyosarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111564. [PMID: 34768995 PMCID: PMC8584142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents an uncommon entity with an incidence of less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Consequently, the natural history and the clinical management of this disease are infrequently reported. In order to fill this gap, we investigated the molecular biology of an adult RMS case series. The expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related gene and chemoresistance-related gene panels were evaluated. Moreover, taking advantage of our STS translational model combining patient-derived primary culture and 3D-scaffold, the pharmacological profile of an adult head and neck sclerosing RMS was assessed. Furthermore, NGS, microsatellite instability, and in silico analyses were carried out. RT-PCR identified the upregulation of CDH1, SLUG, MMP9, RAB22a, S100P, and LAPTM4b, representing promising biomarkers for this disease. Pharmacological profiling showed the highest sensitivity with anthracycline-based regimen in both 2D and 3D culture systems. NGS analysis detected RAB3IP-HMGA2 in frame gene rearrangement and FGFR4 mutation; microsatellite instability analysis did not detect any alteration. In silico analysis confirmed the mutation of FGFR4 as a promising marker for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target. We report for the first time the molecular and pharmacological characterization of rare entities of adult head and neck and posterior trunk RMS. These preliminary data could shed light on this poorly understood disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.V.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0543-73-9239 (A.D.V. & C.C.); Fax: +39-0543-73-9221 (A.D.V. & C.C.)
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.V.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0543-73-9239 (A.D.V. & C.C.); Fax: +39-0543-73-9221 (A.D.V. & C.C.)
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “San Giovanni Addolorata”, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Bassi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Manlio Gessaroli
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Campobassi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Pathology Unit, “Maurizio Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Farnedi
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Eugenia Franchini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Domizio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.F.); (A.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Enrico Cavagna
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna (AUSL Romagna), 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Lorena Gurrieri
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Nada Riva
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Calpona
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Giandomenico Di Menna
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Silvia Angela Debonis
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.V.); (V.F.); (F.R.); (G.M.); (C.L.); (C.S.); (L.G.); (A.B.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (G.D.M.); (S.A.D.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|