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Gupta SK, Toor S, Minhas V, Chaudhary P, Raman M, Anoop S, Panda AK. Contraceptive efficacy of recombinant porcine zona proteins and fusion protein encompassing canine ZP3 fragment and GnRH in female beagle dogs. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13536. [PMID: 35249251 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To manage population of dogs (Canis familiaris), the efficacy of recombinant proteins-based contraceptive vaccines to inhibit fertility has been evaluated in female beagle dogs. METHOD OF STUDY Female beagle dogs (n = 4) were immunized with physical mixture of Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant porcine ZP3 with promiscuous T cell epitope of tetanus toxoid (TT-KK-pZP3) and porcine ZP4 with promiscuous T cell epitope of bovine RNase (bRNase-KK-pZP4), or with a fusion protein encompassing dog ZP3 fragment and two copies of GnRH with appropriate promiscuous T cell epitopes (dZP3-GnRH2 ); control animals received only alum, the adjuvant. The immunized animals were followed-up for antibody titres by ELISA as well as for fertility status subsequent to mating with male dogs. RESULTS Active immunization of female dogs following a three injections schedule at 4-week intervals with a physical mixture of TT-KK-pZP3 + bRNase-KK-pZP4 as well as dZP3-GnRH2 , led to generation of significant antibody titres against respective recombinant proteins. Active immunization with dZP3-GnRH2 also led to generation of antibodies reactive with both dZP3 and GnRH. A booster dose on day 383 led to an increase in antibody titres and circulating antibodies against respective recombinant proteins could be observed on day 528. Antibodies in immune serum samples from dogs immunized with TT-KK-pZP3 + bRNase-KK-pZP4 or dZP3-GnRH2 reacted with native canine ZP as assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Mating studies revealed a reduced number of pregnancies as well as a significant reduction in the number of pups born in the female dogs immunized with dZP3-GnRH2 as compared to the adjuvanted control. Curtailment of pregnancy in dZP3-GnRH2 immunized group was associated with antibody titres against dZP3-GnRH2 . However, immunization with recombinant TT-KK-pZP3 + bRNase-KK-pZP4 did not significantly decrease the number of pups born as compared to the adjuvanted control. CONCLUSION These studies revealed the potential of recombinant dZP3-GnRH2 -based contraceptive vaccine to curtail fertility in female dogs. Large scale studies to establish the efficacy and safety of this recombinant protein for the management of community dog population are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Basic Medical Sciences Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagarika Toor
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidisha Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Chaudhary
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - S Anoop
- Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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French H, Peterson E, Schulman M, Roth R, Crampton M, Conan A, Marchi S, Knobel D, Bertschinger H. Efficacy and safety of native and recombinant zona pellucida immunocontraceptive vaccines in donkeys. Theriogenology 2020; 153:27-33. [PMID: 32417608 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Feral and semi-feral donkeys are recognised as a problem in some world regions. The main problem associated with uncontrolled donkey populations is habitat degradation and competition for feed resources, especially in arid climes. Controlling population numbers would reduce the impact of donkeys and other species. While removal by various means is effective, it has been shown to stimulate reproductive rate. Probably the most effective and humane solution is reducing reproduction using minimally invasive methods including immunocontraception. This study tested the immunocontraceptive efficacy and safety of zona pellucida (ZP) vaccines, both recombinant (reZP; three treatments) and native porcine (pZP; two treatments) vaccines formulated with Freund's modified complete (primary) and Freund's incomplete (boosters) adjuvants in donkey jennies. Control jennies received adjuvants only (two treatments). Twenty-five non-pregnant jennies were randomly assigned to reZP (n = 9), pZP (n = 8) or control (n = 8) groups. Weekly monitoring of the reproductive tract and ovaries via transrectal palpation and ultrasound and inspection of injection sites was conducted and anti-pZP antibody titers were measured. Five weeks after last treatment, one donkey jack was introduced to each group and rotated every 21 days. By 232 days after last treatment the number pregnant and median days to pregnancy was 2/9 and 214 (reZP group), 1/8 and 196 (pZP group) and 8/8 and 77 (control group). Median time to ovarian shut-down was 77 (9/9) and 56 (7/8) days for reZP and pZP groups, respectively. This was observed in association with a distinct reduction in mean uterine diameter. The antibody response was equally good for both ZP-treated groups. Incorporation of Freund's adjuvants initially produced a high incidence of side effects from local swelling and intermittent lameness followed weeks later by sterile abscesses (reZP, 9/9; pZP, 7/8; control, 3/8). Both ZP vaccines effectively controlled reproduction in jennies, albeit with a high incidence of adjuvant-associated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilari French
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Erik Peterson
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Martin Schulman
- Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Robyn Roth
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Michael Crampton
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Anne Conan
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Silvia Marchi
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Darryn Knobel
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Henk Bertschinger
- Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Minhas V, Kumar R, Moitra T, Singh R, Panda AK, Gupta SK. Immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy of recombinant fusion protein encompassing Sp17 spermatozoa-specific protein and GnRH: Relevance of adjuvants and microparticles based delivery to minimize number of injections. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 83:e13218. [PMID: 31845450 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Requirement of multiple injections of contraceptive vaccines to achieve infertility is one of the important impediments for their application. In the present study, attempts have been made to reduce the number of injections of contraceptive vaccine. METHOD OF STUDY Fusion protein encompassing C-terminus fragment of sperm protein Sp17 (aa residues 76-126) and two copies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone along with T-cell epitopes and dilysine linkers (abbreviated as Sp17C -GnRH2 ) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Its immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy have been evaluated in female FVB/J mice using different adjuvants and delivery platforms. RESULTS Immunization of female mice with recombinant Sp17C -GnRH2 (25 μg/injection/mouse) emulsified with squalene-arlacel A following two injections schedule led to failure of 88.8% immunized animals to conceive, which was not significantly different from mice immunized with same protein along with alum following three injections schedule. To make single-dose vaccine, poly d,l-lactic acid-based microparticles (PLA-MPs) entrapping Sp17C -GnRH2 were prepared. Immunization of female mice with a combination of soluble Sp17C -GnRH2 (12.5 μg/injection/mouse) along with Sp17C -GnRH2 entrapped in PLA-MPs (12.5 μg/injection/mouse) in alum showed higher antibody titres and contraceptive efficacy as compared to mice immunized with Sp17C -GnRH2 entrapped in PLA-MPs alone in alum. Immunization with recombinant Sp17C -GnRH2 led to long-term infertility as second mating (150 days after immunization) of various groups of immunized mice showed similar infertility as observed during first mating. CONCLUSION Single-dose immunization with PLA-MPs entrapping Sp17C -GnRH2 along with soluble recombinant protein in alum generated long-lasting infertility in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Reproduction and Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Robin Kumar
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Trisha Moitra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Molecular Reproduction and Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Joonè CJ, Nolan MB, Bertschinger HJ, Schulman ML. Researching immunocontraceptive vaccines with mares (Equus caballus) as both a target and model for African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cows: A review. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:146-152. [PMID: 31208844 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of studies is reviewed that reported the domestic horse (Equus caballus) mare as an appropriate and accessible research platform for recording clinical and laboratory data post-immunisation with anti- GnRH and -zona pellucida (ZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines. Experience with a native porcine ZP (pZP) vaccine in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cows highlighted needs for improving vaccine formulations and more clearly defining associated ovarian effects and safety profiles. Initially, the efficacy, reversibility and safety of the GnRH vaccine Improvac® in mares was demonstrated using reproductive tract ultrasonography and concurrently measuring serum antibody titres and progesterone concentrations. Results informed the study design and minimally invasive monitoring of post-treatment ovarian steroid responses of this vaccine in free-ranging African elephant cows. A subsequent sequence of studies reported reversible contraceptive and immunological efficacy in pony mares immunised with pZP formulated with Freund's adjuvants. By comparison, mares treated with a recombinant ZP3 and ZP4 (reZP) vaccine showed disappointing responses. Unexpectedly, most pZP-treated mares showed ovarian inactivity. In attempting to understand this response, results showed the involvement of cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells negatively correlated to serum ovarian steroid and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Of concern was the prevalence of injection-site lesions ascribable to Freund's adjuvants. Following this, mares treated with both pZP and a novel reZP vaccine formulated with non-Freund's adjuvants showed comparable immunological responses and ovarian inactivity, notably without adverse treatment reactions. In addition, measuring AMH showed promise for monitoring ovarian function in anti-ZP-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolynne J Joonè
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Australia.
| | - Margaret B Nolan
- Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Henk J Bertschinger
- Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Martin L Schulman
- Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Joonè C, Schulman M, Fosgate G, Plagis T, Crafford J, Gupta S, Bertschinger H. Antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in PBMC from pony mares immunized with either native or recombinant zona pellucida vaccines. Theriogenology 2019; 126:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nolan MB, Schulman ML, Botha AE, Human AM, Roth R, Crampton MC, Bertschinger HJ. Serum antibody immunoreactivity and safety of native porcine and recombinant zona pellucida vaccines formulated with a non-Freund’s adjuvant in horses. Vaccine 2019; 37:1299-1306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nolan MB, Bertschinger HJ, Roth R, Crampton M, Martins IS, Fosgate GT, Stout TA, Schulman ML. Ovarian function following immunocontraceptive vaccination of mares using native porcine and recombinant zona pellucida vaccines formulated with a non-Freund's adjuvant and anti-GnRH vaccines. Theriogenology 2018; 120:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Joonè CJ, Schulman ML, Fosgate GT, Claes ANJ, Gupta SK, Botha AE, Human A, Bertschinger HJ. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone dynamics in mares following immunocontraception with anti-zona pellucida or -GnRH vaccines. Theriogenology 2017; 106:214-220. [PMID: 29096268 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone concentration (AMH) is positively correlated to the number of small growing follicles in the mare and may reflect ovarian function. Dynamics of AMH during immunocontraception have not previously been investigated. This study aimed to compare serum AMH in mares following treatment with native porcine zona pellucida (pZP), recombinant pZP3 and pZP4 (reZP) or gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines, and saline-treated controls. Stored sera collected during two previous studies examining ovarian activity in mares during zona pellucida (ZP) or GnRH immunocontraception were analysed for serum AMH. Data were compared among treatment groups using mixed-effects linear regression and one-way ANOVA with post hoc testing. Correlations between AMH and previously reported clinical variables were estimated using Spearman's rho. Mares immunized against GnRH showed variable but detectable AMH throughout successive breeding and non-breeding seasons that were not significantly different to unvaccinated control mares. Mares treated with pZP demonstrated marked, reversible suppression of AMH. Mares immunized using reZP showed an intermediate effect. In the ZP study, AMH was positively correlated to serum progesterone concentrations, mean ovarian volumes and antral follicle counts, whereas no correlations between AMH and serum progesterone concentrations, mean ovarian volumes, or the presence of one or more follicles ≥20 mm in diameter were detected in the GnRH study. In conclusion, marked suppression of AMH during pZP immunocontraception, but not during GnRH immunocontraception, suggested enhanced suppression of ovarian follicular development and, or follicular function during pZP immunocontraception. Serum AMH concentrations may provide a novel tool for the assessment of ovarian function during ZP-based immunocontraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Joonè
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - M L Schulman
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - G T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - A N J Claes
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S K Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - A E Botha
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - A Human
- Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - H J Bertschinger
- Veterinary Population Management Laboratory, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Minhas V, Shrestha A, Wadhwa N, Singh R, Gupta SK. Novel Sperm and Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone-based Recombinant Fusion Protein: Achievement of 100% Contraceptive Efficacy by Co-immunization of Male and Female Mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1048-1059. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab; National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi India
- Lab of Molecular Reproduction, Department of Zoology; Delhi University; New Delhi India
| | - Abhinav Shrestha
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab; National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi India
| | - Neerja Wadhwa
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab; National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi India
| | - Rita Singh
- Lab of Molecular Reproduction, Department of Zoology; Delhi University; New Delhi India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab; National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi India
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10
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Joonè CJ, Bertschinger HJ, Gupta SK, Fosgate GT, Arukha AP, Minhas V, Dieterman E, Schulman ML. Ovarian function and pregnancy outcome in pony mares following immunocontraception with native and recombinant porcine zona pellucida vaccines. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:189-195. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Joonè
- Section of Reproduction Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - H. J. Bertschinger
- Section of Reproduction Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - S. K. Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Immunology New Delhi India
| | - G. T. Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - A. P. Arukha
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Immunology New Delhi India
| | - V. Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Immunology New Delhi India
| | | | - M. L. Schulman
- Section of Reproduction Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
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Arukha AP, Minhas V, Shrestha A, Gupta SK. Contraceptive efficacy of recombinant fusion protein comprising zona pellucida glycoprotein-3 fragment and gonadotropin releasing hormone. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 114:18-26. [PMID: 26859695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Contraceptive vaccines have been used for the management of wildlife population. In the present study, we have examined the contraceptive potential of Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant fusion protein comprising of 'promiscuous' T cell epitope of tetanus toxoid [TT; amino acid (aa) residues 830-844] followed by dilysine linker (KK), dog ZP3 fragment (aa residues 307-346), triglycine spacer (GGG), T cell epitope of bovine RNase (bRNase; aa residues 94-104), GnRH, T cell epitope of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (CSP; aa residues 362-383), and GnRH. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified refolded protein revealed a dominant ∼12 kDa band, which in Western blot reacted with mouse polyclonal antibodies against dog ZP3 fragment and mouse monoclonal antibodies against GnRH. Immunization of female FvB/J mice following two booster schedule with the above recombinant protein supplemented with alum led to high antibody titres against the immunogen as well as ZP3 and GnRH as determined by ELISA. The immune sera reacted with zona pellucida of mouse oocyte and also inhibited in-vitro fertilization. The qRT-PCR studies showed decrease in the ovarian GnRH receptor in mice immunized with the recombinant fusion protein. Mating studies revealed high contraceptive efficacy of the recombinant protein as in two independent experiments, 90% of the immunized female mice failed to conceive. Following one booster immunization schedule, 50% of the immunized female mice failed to conceive. However, in adjuvanted controls, all the female mice became pregnant. To conclude, the recombinant protein described herein has a good potential to be developed as candidate contraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Prasad Arukha
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab., National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Vidisha Minhas
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab., National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Abhinav Shrestha
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab., National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Lab., National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Liechty ER, Bergin IL, Bell JD. Animal models of contraception: utility and limitations. Open Access J Contracept 2015; 6:27-35. [PMID: 29386922 PMCID: PMC5683139 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s58754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate animal modeling is vital for the successful development of novel contraceptive devices. Advances in reproductive biology have identified novel pathways for contraceptive intervention. Here we review species-specific anatomic and physiologic considerations impacting preclinical contraceptive testing, including efficacy testing, mechanistic studies, device design, and modeling off-target effects. Emphasis is placed on the use of nonhuman primate models in contraceptive device development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason D Bell
- Program on Women's Health Care Effectiveness Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Shrestha A, Wadhwa N, Gupta SK. Evaluation of recombinant fusion protein comprising dog zona pellucida glycoprotein-3 and Izumo and individual fragments as immunogens for contraception. Vaccine 2014; 32:564-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Massei G, Cowan D. Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/wr13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species- and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human–wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.
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Gupta SK, Shrestha A, Minhas V. Milestones in contraceptive vaccines development and hurdles in their application. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:911-25. [PMID: 24262991 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraceptive vaccines have been proposed for controlling the growing human population and wildlife population management. Multiple targets such as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, gonadotropin receptors, sperm-specific proteins and zona pellucida glycoproteins have been exploited to develop contraceptive vaccine and their efficacy investigated and shown in various experimental animal models. Vaccines based on GnRH have found application in immuno-castration of male pigs for prevention of boar-taint. Vaccines based on zona pellucida glycoproteins have shown promising results for population management of wild horses and white-tailed deer. Phase II clinical trials in women with β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)-based contraceptive vaccine established proof of principle that these can be developed for human application. Block in fertility by β-hCG contraceptive vaccine was reversible. Further research inputs are required to establish the safety of contraceptive vaccines, improve their immunogenicity and to develop novel vaccine delivery platforms for providing long lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
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