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Fitzgerald W, Gomez-Lopez N, Erez O, Romero R, Margolis L. Extracellular vesicles generated by placental tissues ex vivo: A transport system for immune mediators and growth factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12860. [PMID: 29726582 PMCID: PMC6021205 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To study the mechanisms of placenta function and the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pregnancy, it is necessary to develop an ex vivo system that retains placental cytoarchitecture and the primary metabolic aspects, in particular the release of EVs and soluble factors. Here, we developed such a system and investigated the pattern of secretion of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles by placental villous and amnion tissues ex vivo. METHODS OF STUDY Placental villous and amnion explants were cultured for 2 weeks at the air/liquid interface and their morphology and the released cytokines and EVs were analyzed. Cytokines were analyzed with multiplexed bead assays, and individual EVs were analyzed with recently developed techniques that involved EV capture with magnetic nanoparticles coupled to anti-EV antibodies and flow cytometry. RESULTS Ex vivo tissues (i) remained viable and preserved their cytoarchitecture; (ii) maintained secretion of cytokines and growth factors; (iii) released EVs of syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelial cell origins that contain cytokines and growth factors. CONCLUSION A system of ex vivo placental villous and amnion tissues can be used as an adequate model to study placenta metabolic activity in normal and complicated pregnancies, in particular to characterize EVs by their surface markers and by encapsulated proteins. Establishment and benchmarking the placenta ex vivo system may provide new insight in the functional status of this organ in various placental disorders, particularly regarding the release of EVs and cytokines. Such EVs may have a prognostic value for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
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Harju M, Pekkanen J, Heinonen S, Keski-Nisula L. Maternal anemia during pregnancy and slightly higher risk of asthma in male offspring. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:614-622. [PMID: 29314471 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether maternal hemoglobin levels or anemia during pregnancy are associated with the development of asthma among offspring. METHODS Data were retrieved from the birth register database of Kuopio University Hospital between 1989 and 2007 (n = 38 381). Hemoglobin levels were measured during three trimesters of pregnancy and anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The prevalence of asthma was determined from the register of reimbursement for medication for asthma at the Finnish Social Security Institution. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible associations between prenatal factors and development of asthma ever. RESULTS A total of 8198 (21.4%) women had anemia at some stage of pregnancy. Mild maternal anemia during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of asthma among male offspring (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.94) compared with those with normal maternal hemoglobin levels. This finding remained significant also after applying the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION Male offspring with maternal anemia during the first trimester of pregnancy had significantly more asthma ever than the offspring of women with normal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. These findings were not strong but suggest possible sex-specific effects of maternal health on prenatal programming and future risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maijakaisa Harju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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