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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Luo DD, Yang DH, Wang XJ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. ILC2s: Unraveling the innate immune orchestrators in allergic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111899. [PMID: 38513576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses. The role of ILC2s represents an intriguing frontier in immunology; however, the intricate immune mechanisms of ILC2s in allergic responses remain relatively poorly understood. To gain a comphrehensive understanding of the research progress of ILC2, we summarize recent advances in ILC2s biology in pathologic allergic inflammation to inspire novel approaches for managing allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Dun-Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Jinno M, Ohta S, Mikuni H, Uno T, Uchida Y, Manabe R, Miyata Y, Homma T, Watanabe Y, Kusumoto S, Suzuki S, Tanaka A, Sagara H. Involvement of Muscarinic M3 Receptor in the Development of M2 Macrophages in Allergic Inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:729-738. [PMID: 38565078 DOI: 10.1159/000538126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, tiotropium, has a bronchodilatory effect on asthma patients. Additionally, tiotropium inhibits allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine asthma model. However, the underlying mechanisms of this M3 receptor antagonist remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of muscarinic M3 receptor blockage on M2 macrophage development during allergic airway inflammation. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to develop a murine model of allergic airway inflammation mimicking human atopic asthma. During the challenge phase, mice were treated with or without tiotropium. Lung cells were isolated 24 h after the last treatment and gated using CD68-positive cells. Relm-α and Arginase-1 (Arg1) (M2 macrophage markers) expression was determined by flow cytometry. Mouse bone marrow mononuclear cell-derived macrophages (mBMMacs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)-derived macrophages were stimulated with IL-4 and treated with a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist in vitro. RESULTS The total cells, eosinophils, and IL-5 and IL-13 levels in BAL fluids were markedly decreased in the asthma group treated with tiotropium compared to that in the untreated asthma group. The Relm-α and Arg1 expression in macrophages was reduced considerably in the asthma group treated with tiotropium compared to that in the untreated asthma group, suggesting that the development of M2 macrophages was inhibited by muscarinic M3 receptor blockage. Additionally, muscarinic M3 receptor blockage in vitro significantly inhibited M2 macrophage development in both mBMMacs- and PBMCs-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Muscarinic M3 receptor blockage inhibits M2 macrophage development and prevents allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, muscarinic M3 receptors might be involved in the differentiation of immature macrophages into M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Jinno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hatsuko Mikuni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Uno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Manabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Miyata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tiligada E, Gafarov D, Zaimi M, Vitte J, Levi-Schaffer F. Novel Immunopharmacological Drugs for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:481-506. [PMID: 37722722 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051623-091038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The exponential rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases since the mid-twentieth century has led to a genuine public health emergency and has also fostered major progress in research on the underlying mechanisms and potential treatments. The management of allergic diseases benefits from the biological revolution, with an array of novel immunomodulatory therapeutic and investigational tools targeting players of allergic inflammation at distinct pathophysiological steps. Prominent examples include therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against cytokines, alarmins, and their receptors, as well as small-molecule modifiers of signal transduction mainly mediated by Janus kinases and Bruton's tyrosine kinases. However, the first-line therapeutic options have yet to switch from symptomatic to disease-modifying interventions. Here we present an overview of available drugs in the context of our current understanding of allergy pathophysiology, identify potential therapeutic targets, and conclude by providing a selection of candidate immunopharmacological molecules under investigation for potential future use in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Tiligada
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Daria Gafarov
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Maria Zaimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joana Vitte
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier, INSERM
- Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
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Matsuyama T, Machida K, Mizuno K, Matsuyama H, Dotake Y, Shinmura M, Takagi K, Inoue H. The Functional Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:893. [PMID: 37371472 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. ILC2s lack antigen-specific receptors and respond to epithelial-derived cytokines, leading to the induction of airway eosinophilic inflammation in an antigen-independent manner. Additionally, ILC2s might be involved in the mechanism of steroid resistance. Numerous studies in both mice and humans have shown that ILC2s induce airway inflammation through inflammatory signals, including cytokines and other mediators derived from immune or non-immune cells. ILC2s and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells collaborate through direct and indirect interactions to organize type 2 immune responses. Interestingly, the frequencies or numbers of ILC2 are increased in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthma patients, and the numbers of ILC2s in the blood and sputum of severe asthmatics are significantly larger than those of mild asthmatics. These findings may contribute to the regulation of the immune response in asthma. This review article highlights our current understanding of the functional role of ILC2s in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoichi Dotake
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinmura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Thomas CM, Peebles RS. Neural regulation of ILC2s in allergic airway inflammation. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1094259. [PMID: 36704754 PMCID: PMC9872007 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1094259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulate the effector functions of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) through β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and nicotinic/muscarinic cholinergic receptor signaling, respectively. To further maintain the critical balance between host-protective and pathogenic type 2 inflammation in the lungs, neuropeptides neuromedin B (NMB) and neuromedin U (NMU) function to suppress or promote ILC2 responses in synergy with IL-33/IL-25, respectively. Additionally, the release of ATP into the extracellular environment in response to cell death caused by challenge to the airway epithelial barrier quickly becomes converted into adenosine, which helps keep the inflammatory response in check by suppressing ILC2 responses. Besides neurotransmitter and neuropeptides derived from other cells, ILC2s further regulate allergic airway inflammation through the production of acetylcholine (ACh) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In this article we review the neuromodulation of ILC2s through cholinergic and adrenergic signaling, neuropeptides, and adenosine and its role in allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical utility of targeting these pathways for therapeutic goals and address directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Thomas
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States,Research Service, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States,Correspondence: R. Stokes Peebles
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Chen Y, Huang A, Tan G, Liu H. Antagonism of m3 Alleviates Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis Mice. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 37:264-272. [PMID: 36343939 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221137977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 immune cells play a pivotal role in allergic rhinitis (AR). Increasing evidence shows that inhibition of cholinergic nerve activity decreases the severity of airway diseases including asthma and AR. However, the role of the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (m3) in type 2 inflammation in AR is unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the effect of m3 on the type 2 immune response, including both T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated and type 2 innate lymphocyte (ILC2)-mediated inflammation, in AR. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human were cultured in vitro. Treatment with the m3 antagonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP) was used. The percentages of Th2 and ILC2 cells in PBMCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. AR mouse models were established by house dust mite (HDM) sensitization, and treated with tiotropium intranasally. The expression of Th2 cytokines, ILC2 cytokines and related factors in the nasal mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum HDM-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Both Th2 and ILC2 percentages in PBMCs were decreased after 4-DAMP treatment. Similarly, the levels of Th2 cytokines (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-13) and ILC2 cytokines and related factors (IL-25, IL-33, GATA3 and RORα) were significantly decreased in the nasal mucosa of AR mice after tiotropium treatment. Furthermore, tiotropium treatment decreased the nasal symptom score, the serum sIgE level and eosinophil infiltration in AR mice. In addition, tiotropium decreased phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), PLCγ2, nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1), and NFATc2 mRNA levels in AR mice. Conclusion Antagonism of m3 alleviated type 2 inflammation in the nasal mucosa of AR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aijie Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Matsuyama T, Matsuyama H, Dotake Y, Takagi K, Machida K, Inoue H. The Therapeutic Potential for Targeting Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930862. [PMID: 35911708 PMCID: PMC9327784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper type 2 cells (Th2 cells) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway eosinophilic inflammation. ILC2s are activated by epithelial-derived cytokines [interleukin-25 (IL-25), IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)] from airway epithelial cells, leading to the release of high amounts of type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13. ILC2s induce airway inflammation in an antigen-independent manner, and ILC2s are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation. Furthermore, ILC2 activation might also confer steroid resistance. Many recent studies in humans and mice are increasingly demonstrating that the function of ILC2s is regulated not just by epithelial-derived cytokines but by a variety of cytokines and mediators derived from innate immune cells. Furthermore, the biologics targeting these cytokines and/or their receptors have been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations and improve lung function and quality of life in asthmatics. This article reviews the current treatment landscape for type 2 airway inflammation in asthma and discusses the therapeutic potential for targeting ILC2s.
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Roberts LB, Berkachy R, Wane M, Patel DF, Schnoeller C, Lord GM, Gounaris K, Ryffel B, Quesniaux V, Darby M, Horsnell WGC, Selkirk ME. Differential Regulation of Allergic Airway Inflammation by Acetylcholine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893844. [PMID: 35711456 PMCID: PMC9196131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) from neuronal and non-neuronal sources plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses and is associated with the development of several disease pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-derived ACh is required for optimal type 2 responses to parasitic infection and therefore sought to determine whether this also plays a role in allergic inflammation. RoraCre+ChatLoxP mice (in which ILC2s cannot synthesize ACh) were exposed to an allergenic extract of the fungus Alternaria alternata, and immune responses in the airways and lung tissues were analyzed. Airway neutrophilia and expression of the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL2 were enhanced 24 h after exposure, suggesting that ILC2-derived ACh plays a role in limiting excessive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. The effect of non-selective depletion of ACh was examined by intranasal administration of a stable parasite-secreted acetylcholinesterase. Depletion of airway ACh in this manner resulted in a more profound enhancement of neutrophilia and chemokine expression, suggesting multiple cellular sources for the release of ACh. In contrast, depletion of ACh inhibited Alternaria-induced activation of ILC2s, suppressing the expression of IL-5, IL-13, and subsequent eosinophilia. Depletion of ACh reduced macrophages with an alternatively activated M2 phenotype and an increase in M1 macrophage marker expression. These data suggest that ACh regulates allergic airway inflammation in several ways, enhancing ILC2-driven eosinophilia but suppressing neutrophilia through reduced chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B. Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
| | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madina Wane
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F. Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Schnoeller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kleoniki Gounaris
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Matthew Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Murray E. Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
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Lai D, Chen W, Zhang K, Scott MJ, Li Y, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J. GRK2 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization in sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:32. [PMID: 35272622 PMCID: PMC8908620 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis induces group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) expansion in the lung. However, the origin of these lung-recruited ILC2 and the mechanism of ILC2 expansion are unclear. This study aims to determine the origin of lung-recruited ILC2 and its underlying mechanism in sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in wild-type, IL-33-deficient and ST2-deficient mice. The frequency, cell number and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression of ILC2 in bone marrow (BM), blood and lung were measured by flow cytometry. In the in vitro studies, purified ILC2 progenitor (ILC2p) were challenged with IL-33 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibitor, the CXCR4 expression and GRK2 activity were detected by confocal microscopy or flow cytometry. RESULTS We show that IL-33 acts through its receptor, ST2, on BM ILC2p to induce GRK2 expression and subsequent downregulation of cell surface expression of CXCR4, which results in decreasing retention of ILC2p in the BM and promoting expansion of ILC2 in the lung. Importantly, we demonstrate that reduced IL-33 level in aging mice contributes to impaired ILC2 mobilization from BM and accumulation in the lung following sepsis. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel pathway in regulating ILC2p mobilization and expansion during sepsis and indicates BM as the main source of ILC2 in the lung following sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengming Lai
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neonatal Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052 China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Yuehua Li
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
| | - Jie Fan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15213 USA
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Agache I, Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Giacco S, Zemelka‐Wiacek M, Kosowska A, Akdis CA, Jutel M. Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021. Allergy 2021; 76:3390-3407. [PMID: 34392546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Last year brought a significant advance in asthma management, unyielding to the pressure of the pandemics. Novel key findings in asthma pathogenesis focus on the resident cell compartment, epigenetics and the innate immune system. The precision immunology unbiased approach was supplemented with novel tools and greatly facilitated by the use of artificial intelligence. Several randomised clinical trials and good quality real-world evidence shed new light on asthma treatment and supported the revision of several asthma guidelines (GINA, Expert Panel Report 3, ERS/ATS guidelines on severe asthma) and the conception of new ones (EAACI Guidelines for the use of biologicals in severe asthma). Integrating asthma management within the broader context of Planetary Health has been put forward. In this review, recently published articles and clinical trials are summarised and discussed with the goal to provide clinicians and researchers with a concise update on asthma research from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
- Allergy Unit IBIMA‐Regional University Hospital of MalagaUMA, RETICS ARADyALBIONAND Malaga Spain
| | | | | | - Stefano Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | | | - Anna Kosowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
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Hsu AT, Gottschalk TA, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733324. [PMID: 34630416 PMCID: PMC8492945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is a vital mucosal organ that is constantly exposed to the external environment, and as such, its defenses are continuously under threat. The pulmonary immune system has evolved to sense and respond to these danger signals while remaining silent to innocuous aeroantigens. The origin of the defense system is the respiratory epithelium, which responds rapidly to insults by the production of an array of mediators that initiate protection by directly killing microbes, activating tissue-resident immune cells and recruiting leukocytes from the blood. At the steady-state, the lung comprises a large collection of leukocytes, amongst which are specialized cells of lymphoid origin known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are divided into three major helper-like subsets, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which are considered the innate counterparts of type 1, 2 and 17 T helper cells, respectively, in addition to natural killer cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Although ILCs represent a small fraction of the pulmonary immune system, they play an important role in early responses to pathogens and facilitate the acquisition of adaptive immunity. However, it is now also emerging that these cells are active participants in the development of chronic lung diseases. In this mini-review, we provide an update on our current understanding of the role of ILCs and their regulation in the lung. We summarise how these cells and their mediators initiate, sustain and potentially control pulmonary inflammation, and their contribution to the respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Hsu
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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