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Santos-Cortez RLP, Gomez HZ, Elling CL, Mayher L, Diala OR, Gardner C, Willford K, Zamora VC, Agyepong A, Lee NK, Green KK, Darr OA, Wine TM, Francom CR, Larson ED, Gitomer SA, Schell AE, Frank DN, Friedman NR, Herrmann BW. APOBR Is Downregulated in EBV+ Tonsils of Children with Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1324. [PMID: 39457448 PMCID: PMC11507010 DOI: 10.3390/genes15101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is a heterogeneous phenotype that is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has many potential comorbidities that could severely affect quality of life. There is a need to identify biomarkers for oSDB and its comorbidities to improve clinical management, particularly in children. Methods: We performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis, and qPCR replication of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA samples extracted from tonsils of children with oSDB. Two variables were used as classifier, namely, detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tonsils and need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Standard statistical tests were used to determine associations across clinical, EBV, and DEG variables. Results: Nineteen genes were dysregulated in tonsils that are EBV+ or from children needing CPAP. Of these genes, APOBR was downregulated in both EBV+ and CPAP+ tonsils, and this downregulation was replicated by qPCR in an independent set of pediatric samples. In the tonsils of adult patients with oSDB, APOBR was positively correlated with age, and potentially with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Taken together, APOBR and DEGs in tonsillar tissues may be useful as potential biomarkers of oSDB severity and comorbidity across the lifespan, with APOBR levels being dependent on latent EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Helen Z. Gomez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Christina L. Elling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Landen Mayher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Obinna R. Diala
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Colin Gardner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Kiera Willford
- Pathways in Genomic Research for Undergraduate Experiences (PATH-GREU) Program, University of Colorado Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Valerie C. Zamora
- Colorado Research Experiences (CORE) Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (V.C.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Ashley Agyepong
- Colorado Research Experiences (CORE) Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (V.C.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Nam K. Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Katherine K. Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Owen A. Darr
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Todd M. Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Christian R. Francom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah A. Gitomer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Amy E. Schell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Norman R. Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Brian W. Herrmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.G.); (C.L.E.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (N.K.L.); (K.K.G.); (O.A.D.); (T.M.W.); (C.R.F.); (E.D.L.); (S.A.G.); (A.E.S.); (N.R.F.); (B.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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Chen H, Zhu G, Liu Y, Huang D, Zhang X, She L. Allergic Diseases and Chronic Adenotonsillar Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2653-2658. [PMID: 38193619 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existing epidemiological evidence regarding the intricate relationship between allergic diseases and chronic adenotonsillar diseases (CATD) remains inconclusive. Herein, the objective of our study is to explore the causal association using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Employing data from large genome-wide association studies, a comprehensive two-sample bidirectional MR study was conducted. The studied traits encompassed allergic rhinitis (cases n = 9707, controls n = 331173), allergic asthma (cases n = 8525, controls n = 193857), allergic conjunctivitis (cases n = 18321, controls n = 324178), atopic dermatitis (cases n = 11964, controls n = 306909), and CATD (cases n = 38983, controls n = 258553). All the patients were of European descent and participants in cohort studies. The primary analysis was executed using inverse-variance-weighted MR. Furthermore, six additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, MR robust adjusted profile score) were employed to ensure the reliability and detect potential horizontal pleiotropy within the results. The estimates obtained from the MR analysis were factored into the overall effect calculation. RESULTS Genetically anticipated outcomes demonstrated a significant association between CATD risk and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.141, p = 6.30E-06), allergic asthma (OR = 1.115, p = 8.31E-05), allergic conjunctivitis (OR = 1.197, p = 8.69E-07), and a suggestive association with atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.053, p = 0.040). However, no substantial correlation was observed in the reverse direction. CONCLUSIONS Findings of our study provide evidence supporting a causal role of allergic diseases in the development of CATD, whereas the converse relationship does not appear to hold true. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2653-2658, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Li She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, People's Republic of China
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