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Uddandrao VVS, Eraniappan S, Balakrishnan Ramajayam A, Singaravel S, Roy A, Parim BN, Ponnusamy C, Ganapathy S, Ponnusamy P, Sasikumar V. Hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin combination alleviates obesity-induced testicular apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:20-37. [PMID: 38323592 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2306403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent research in rodents suggests that oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the testes caused by high-fat diets (HFD) are a cause of male infertility. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin (HCC) against male reproductive disorders, we developed an HFD-induced obese rat model. Rats received HFD supplementation for 21 weeks, which induced obesity. From week 16, HCC (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered to investigate its potential to treat testicular toxicity. According to the results of the current study, treatment of obese rats with HCC improved their sperm quality, increased the production of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone and significantly increased the activities of steroidogenic enzymes and corresponding mRNA levels. In addition, HCC decreased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in both spermatozoa and testes while increasing the expression of mRNA for the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the testes, which in turn reduced oxidative stress in the testes. Moreover, after HCC treatment, testicular tissues showed a remarkable decrease in mRNA levels responsible for inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB) and apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2). Our results suggest that HCC may alleviate obesity-induced male reproductive dysfunction by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the testes of HFD-induced obese male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seshathri Eraniappan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Anitha Roy
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saravanan Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India
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El-Wakf AM, El-Sawi MR, El-Nigomy HM, El-Nashar EM, Al-Zahrani NS, Alqahtani NG, Aldahhan RA, Eldken ZH. Fennel seeds extract prevents fructose-induced cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of metabolic syndrome via targeting abdominal obesity, hyperuricemia and NF-κβ inflammatory pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102385. [PMID: 38678740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is commonly associated with increased risk of cardiac disease that affects a large number of world populations. OBJECTIVE This research attempted to investigate the efficacy of fennel seeds extract (FSE) in preventing development of cardiac dysfunction in rats on fructose enriched diet for 3 months, as a model of MetS. MATERIALS & METHODS Thirty adult Wistar male rats (160-170 g) were assigned into 5 groups including control, vehicle, FSE (200 mg/kg BW) and fructose (60%) fed rats with and without FSE. Following the last treatment, blood pressure, ECG and heart rate were measured. Next, blood and cardiac tissues were taken for biochemical and histological investigations. RESULTS Feeding fructose exhibited characteristic features of MetS involving, hypertension, abnormal ECG, elevated heart rate, serum glucose, insulin, lipids and insulin resistance, accompanied by abdominal obesity, cardiac hypertrophy and hyperuricemia. Fructose fed rats also showed significant reduction in cardiac antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT) with elevation in oxidative stress indices (NADPH oxidase, O2.-, H2O2, MDA, PCO), NF-κβ, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and serum cardiac biomarkers (AST, LDH, CK-MB, cTn-I). Histopathological changes evidenced by destruction of cardiac myofibrils, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and aggregation of inflammatory cells were also detected. Consumption of FSE showed high ability to alleviate fructose-induced hypertension, ECG abnormalities, cardiac hypertrophy, metabolic alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation and histological injury. CONCLUSION Findings could suggest FSE as a complementary supplement for preventing MetS and associated cardiac outcomes. However, well controlled clinical studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eman Mohamad El-Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser G Alqahtani
- Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zienab Helmy Eldken
- Department of Medical physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman 11104, Jordan.
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Uddandrao VVS, Brahma Naidu P, Chandrasekaran P, Saravanan G. Pathophysiology of obesity-related infertility and its prevention and treatment by potential phytotherapeutics. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:147-165. [PMID: 37963998 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease in which the accumulation of excess body fat has adverse health effects, as it can increase the risk of several problems, including infertility, in both men and women. Obesity and infertility have risen together in recent years. Against this background, the present review aims to highlight the impact of obesity on infertility and the underlying pathophysiology of obesity-related infertility (ORI) in men and women, and to provide readers with knowledge of current trends in the effective development of phytotherapeutics for its treatment. METHODS We thoroughly searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar to find all relevant papers on ORI and the therapeutic effects of phytotherapeutics on ORI in men and women. RESULTS The extensive search of the available literature revealed that obesity affects reproductive function through several complex mechanisms such as hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenism, increased body mass index, disruption of the hormonal milieu, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, alterations in epigenetics and dysbiosis. On the other hand, several studies reported that phytotherapeutics has a broad therapeutic spectrum of action by improving sex hormone homeostasis, ovarian dysfunction, menstrual cycle and inhibiting ovarian hyperplasia, as well as down-regulating ovarian apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and controlling metabolic dysfunction in obese women. Male infertility is also addressed by phytotherapeutics by suppressing lipogenesis, increasing testosterone, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD levels, improving sperm parameters and attenuating testicular dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and germ cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In the present review, we discussed the effects of obesity on reproductive dysfunction in men and women and the underlying pathophysiology of ORI. In addition, the therapeutic effect of phytotherapeutics against ORI was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Parim Brahma Naidu
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - P Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Saravanan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India
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Wang J, Zhang S, Hu L, Wang Y, Liu K, Le J, Tan Y, Li T, Xue H, Wei Y, Zhong O, He J, Zi D, Lei X, Deng R, Luo Y, Tang M, Su M, Cao Y, Liu Q, Tang Z, Lei X. Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits PCSK9-NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of Leydig cells in obese mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:723. [PMID: 37935689 PMCID: PMC10630350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation are the main traits of obesity. Especially, the molecular mechanism of concomitant deficiency in steroidogenesis-associated enzymes related to testosterone (T) synthesis of obesity dominated a decline in male fertility is still poorly understood. Here, we found that in vivo, supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) efficaciously ameliorated the abnormal lipid metabolism and testicular spermatogenic function from high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis of the liver and testicular showed that PQQ supplementation not only inhibited the high expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) but also weakened the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis, which both played a negative role in T synthesis of Leydig Cells (LCs). Eventually, the function and the pyroptosis of LCs cultured with palmitic acid in vitro were simultaneously benefited by suppressing the expression of NLRP3 or PCSK9 respectively, as well the parallel effects of PQQ were affirmed. Collectively, our data revealed that PQQ supplementation is a feasible approach to protect T synthesis from PCSK9-NLRP3 crosstalk-induced LCs' pyroptosis in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Wang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jianghua Le
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Yongpeng Tan
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Tianlong Li
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Haoxuan Xue
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Ou Zhong
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Junhui He
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Dan Zi
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xin Lei
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Renhe Deng
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yafei Luo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Masong Tang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Mingxuan Su
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yichang Cao
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhihan Tang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Torkamanpari M, Ghorbani F, Lorian K, Koohestanidehaghi Y. The effects of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) hydroalcoholic extracts on the functional parameters of human spermatozoa after vitrification. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:78-85. [PMID: 37258100 PMCID: PMC10258516 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2021.04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during cryopreservation of human sperm and impair sperm function. Antioxidant compounds, such as fennel and purslane, reduce the damaging effects of ROS. This study aimed to evaluate motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular ROS, and DNA damage to determine the optimum concentrations of hydroalcoholic extracts of fennel and purslane for human spermatozoa cryopreservation. METHODS Twenty human sperm samples were used and divided into seven equal groups consisting of fennel hydroalcoholic extract (5, 10, and 15 mg/L), purslane hydroalcoholic extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/L), and no additive. RESULTS Supplementation of 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L purslane extract and 10 mg/L fennel extract in cryopreservation extender significantly increased the motility and PMI of sperm with a significant reduction in intracellular ROS compared to control groups (p<0.05). A 50 mg/L concentration of purslane extract elevated progressive motility and MMP compared to the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences were seen for motion patterns and DNA damage of frozen-thawed human sperm in extender containing these extracts. CONCLUSION The results showed that supplementation of 50 mg/L purslane extract and 10 mg/L fennel extract in semen cryopreservation extender has the potential to decrease intracellular ROS and subsequently elevate the motility and PMI of human sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Lorian
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Hong SJ, Yoon S, Jo SM, Jeong H, Youn MY, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Shin EC. Olfactory Stimulation by Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders in High Fat-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040741. [PMID: 35215391 PMCID: PMC8877786 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, odor components were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and odor-active compounds (OACs) were identified using GC-olfactometry (GC-O). Among the volatile compounds identified through GC-O, p-anisaldehyde, limonene, estragole, anethole, and trans-anethole elicit the fennel odor. In particular, trans-anethole showed the highest odor intensity and content. Changes in body weight during the experimental period showed decreasing values of fennel essential oil (FEO)-inhaled groups, with both body fat and visceral fat showing decreased levels. An improvement in the body’s lipid metabolism was observed, as indicated by the increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased levels of insulin in the FEO-inhaled groups compared to group H. Furthermore, the reduction in systolic blood pressure and pulse through the inhalation of FEO was confirmed. Our results indicated that FEO inhalation affected certain lipid metabolisms and cardiovascular health, which are obesity-related dysfunction indicators. Accordingly, this study can provide basic research data for further research as to protective applications of FEO, as well as their volatile profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Sojeong Yoon
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Seong Min Jo
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Hyangyeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Moon Yeon Youn
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea;
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea; (S.J.H.); (S.Y.); (S.M.J.); (H.J.); (M.Y.Y.)
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-3271; Fax: +82-55-772-3279
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Yang B, Chen C, Chen F, Chen C, Tang J, Gao R, Lv X. Identification of cumin and fennel from different regions based on generative adversarial networks and near infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119956. [PMID: 34049008 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) are widely used seasonings and play a very important role in industries such as breeding, cosmetics, winemaking, drug discovery, and nano-synthetic materials. However, studies have shown that cumin and fennel from different regions not only differ greatly in the content of lipids, phenols and proteins but also the substances contained in their essential oils are also different. Therefore, realizing precise identification of cumin and fennel from different regions will greatly help in quality control, market fraud and production industrialization. In this experiment, cumin and fennel samples were collected from each region, a total of 480 NIR spectra were collected. We used deep learning and traditional machine learning algorithms combined with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to identify their origin. To obtain the model with the best generalization performance and classification accuracy, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce spectral data dimensionality after Rubberband baseline correction, and then established classification models including quadratic discriminant analysis based on PCA (PCA-QDA) and multilayer perceptron based on PCA (PCA-MLP). We also directly input the spectral data after baseline correction into convolutional neural networks (CNN) and generative adversarial networks (GAN). The experimental results show that GAN is more accurate than the PCA-QDA, PCA-MLP and CNN models, and the classification accuracy reached 100%. In the cumin and fennel classification experiment in the same region, the four models achieve great classification results from three regions under the condition that all model parameters remain unchanged. The experimental results show that when the training data are limited and the dimension is high, the model obtained by GAN using competitive learning has more generalization ability and higher classification accuracy. It also provides a new method for solving the problem of limited training data in food research and medical diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Fangfang Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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Suleiman JB, Abu Bakar AB, Noor MM, Nna VU, Othman ZA, Zakaria Z, Eleazu CO, Mohamed M. Bee bread mitigates downregulation of steroidogenic genes, decreased spermatogenesis, and epididymal oxidative stress in male rats fed with high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E351-E366. [PMID: 34229480 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary-gonadal axis plays an important role in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, and by extension, fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of bee bread, a natural bee product, against obesity-induced decreases in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200 and 300 g were divided into four groups (n = 8/group), namely: normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus bee bread administered concurrently for 12 wk (HFD + B), HFD plus orlistat administered concurrently for 12 wk (HFD + O) groups. Bee bread (0.5 g/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) was suspended in distilled water and given by oral gavage daily for 12 wk. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and adiponectin, as well as sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology, and epididymal antioxidants decreased, whereas levels of leptin, malondialdehyde, and sperm nDNA fragmentation increased significantly in the HFD group relative to the NC group. There were significant decreases in the testicular mRNA transcript levels of androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD in the testes of the HFD group. Furthermore, mount, intromission and ejaculatory latencies increased, and penile cGMP level decreased significantly in the HFD group. Supplementation with bee bread significantly reduced leptin level and increased adiponectin level, enhanced sperm parameters and reduced sperm nDNA fragmentation, upregulated the levels of steroidogenic genes and proteins in HFD-induced obese male rats. Bee bread improved steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis by upregulating steroidogenic genes. Therefore, bee bread may be considered as a potential supplementation to protect against infertility in overweight men or men with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The high-fat diet utilized in the present study induced obesity in the male rats. Bee bread supplementation mitigated impaired steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, mating behavior, and fertility potential by counteracting the downregulation of steroidogenic genes, thus increasing testosterone levels and suppressing epididymal oxidative stress. These benefits may be due to the abundance of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in bee bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo, Nigeria
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mahanem Mat Noor
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Chinedum Ogbonnaya Eleazu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Possible ameliorating effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) on the sperm parameters in rats under high fat diet. Endocr Regul 2021; 54:22-30. [PMID: 32597146 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse effects of obesity, which is caused by an imbalance between the energy intake and expenditure, on the male reproductive system have been reported. Considering the anti-obesity effect of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (GC), we conducted this study to elucidate whether it can ameliorate the sperm parameters. METHODS In this experimental study, male Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks old were divided into four groups: control, high fat diet (HFD), GC50 (HFD plus 50 mg/kg GC extract), and GC100 (HFD plus 100 mg/kg GC extract). During the 16 weeks of the study course, the rats consumed the extract through gavage, daily. Body mass index (BMI), body weight gain, serum lipid profile, leptin concentration, and sperm parameters were investigated. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post hoc Tukey) to express the significance of mean differences of variables between groups, and linear regression test was used to express the correlation model of variables. Both tests were performed by SPSS software; p≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS BMI was significantly decreased by the GC50 and GC100 groups compared to HFD group. GC50 group considerably decreased leptin level compared to HFD group. A significant positive correlation between leptin and triglyceride levels was evident. GC50 and GC100 extensively increased the total sperm motility and ameliorated the sperm abnormal morphology and count compared to HFD group. CONCLUSION Glycyrrhiza Glabra extract may exert its ameliorating effects on the sperm parameters through its anti-obesity impact. Both doses of the extract were effective, however, the GC100 was more effective in improving the sperm parameters.
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Effect of sweet fennel seed extract capsule on knee pain in women with knee osteoarthritis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 40:101219. [PMID: 32835919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. The disease not only has a high disease burden but also reduces the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (commonly known as Fennel) seed extract on knee pain in women patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind trial, a total of 66 patients were assigned randomly via the blocking method in two groups, fennel and placebo. All patients received four capsules daily of either powdered fennel extract (each capsule contained 200 mg dried fennel extract from 7 g of fennel seeds) or placebo twice a day for two weeks. The patients completed the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity measurement before and after the study completion. Data were then analyzed via intention to treat method using the SPSS statistical software package. RESULTS Two weeks after the trial, a significant decrease was noted between the two groups in terms of pain, disability, total WOMAC score, and VAS variables. After comparing the pre- and post-intervention, the variables mentioned above revealed a significant decline in both groups. The stiffness variable indicated a significant reduction in the fennel group (between baseline and study completion) after two weeks, but this decline was not significant in the placebo group, and was not significant either between the two groups. At the end of the trial, the percentage change was higher in the fennel group than in the placebo group. Also, the effect size was greater in the fennel group especially in pain variable based on WOMAC and VAS than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that fennel may be an appropriate alternative for complementary treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This study is the first clinical trial using oral fennel on knee pain in these patients, and the outcomes should be confirmed through additional studies.
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Akour A, Kasabri V, Bulatova N, Al Muhaissen S, Al Tarawneh R, Al-Anati B, Alhourani N. Patterns and perceived efficacy of herbal medicine for weight loss and maintenance: A cross-sectional survey from Jordan. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Galarza RA, Rhon-Calderón EA, Bizzozero M, Meneghini MA, Cortez AE, Lux-Lantos VA, Faletti AG. Impact of maternal overweight on the sexual maturity of male offspring in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:27-34. [PMID: 31272029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present work were to study the effect of maternal overweight on both the count and quality of sperm of the offspring and to assess whether this maternal condition is able to alter testicular integrity and spermatogenic process. To this end, male offspring from rats fed a standard (OSD) or cafeteria (OCD) diet were used. Body and testis weight, length, preputial separation and ano-genital distance (AGD) were recorded and testes were removed at 60 days of age. In addition, the number of germ, Leydig and Sertoli cells, spermatogenesis and sperm integrity were examined. The OCD rats were divided into two groups: offspring from rats with 25% and≥35% of overweight (OCD25 and OCD35, respectively). Both OCD groups showed higher body and testis weight, higher length, and greater AGD than OSD rats. OCD25 also showed early preputial separation and OCD35 exhibited a high level of testosterone with normal glycemia. Both OCD25 and OCD35 rats had a lower number of spermatozoa and Leydig cells than OSD rats, and OCD35 also exhibited a lower number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells than OSD rats. In addition, both OCD groups exhibited lower number of sperm cells with normal morphology and sperm motility, and OCD35 showed changes in both the seminiferous epithelium and spermatogenic process. These results suggest that maternal overweight severely affects the reproductive capacity of male offspring, likely leading to a subfertility condition and a premature reduction of the reproductive life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alejandra Galarza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Dto. de Toxicología y Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Centros de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [CEFYBO], Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eric Alejandro Rhon-Calderón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Centros de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [CEFYBO], Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianne Bizzozero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)
| | - María Agustina Meneghini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Centros de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [CEFYBO], Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Elisabeth Cortez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Centros de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [CEFYBO], Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Adela Lux-Lantos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)
| | - Alicia Graciela Faletti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Dto. de Toxicología y Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET], Centros de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [CEFYBO], Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Crean AJ, Senior AM. High-fat diets reduce male reproductive success in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:921-933. [PMID: 30756459 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sperm counts have shown a progressive decline across the world since the mid-1900s. Global rates of obesity have been climbing at a similarly alarming rate, suggesting that these two factors may be linked. However, studies examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and male fertility have produced conflicting results. These discrepancies among studies are commonly attributed to limitations that are inherent in human studies such as correlational data and confounding factors-limitations that are absent from animal studies. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies that experimentally induced obesity with a high-fat diet and measured impacts on sperm traits and/or male fertility. Overall, we found strong, consistent evidence in animal studies that high-fat diets are detrimental for male fertility. Compared with controls, males fed a high-fat diet had smaller testes and sex accessory glands relative to body size, reduced semen quality, reduced mating success, and reduced fertilization success. This is the first time that experimental data of high-fat diet effects on male reproduction have been synthesized in a meta-analysis, and thus, our results provide novel insight to the complex question of how dietary-induced obesity affects male fertility. The strong negative effects detected in animal models suggest that the inconsistent results plaguing human studies are an artefact of limitations inherent in correlational studies rather than a true effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Crean
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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