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Mohamed ZI, Sivalingam M, Radhakrishnan AK, Jaafar F, Zainal Abidin SA. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) reduced phoenixin expression, induced abnormal sperm and testis morphology in male rats. Neuropeptides 2024; 107:102447. [PMID: 38870753 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress caused by prolonged emotional pressure can lead to various physiological issues, including reproductive dysfunction. Although reproductive problems can also induce chronic stress, the impact of chronic stress-induced reproductive dysfunction remains contentious. This study investigates the effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on reproductive neuropeptides, sperm quality, and testicular morphology. Sixteen twelve-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a non-stress control group and a CUS-induced group. The CUS regimen involved various stressors over 28 days, with both groups undergoing behavioural assessments through sucrose-preference and forced-swim tests. Hypothalamic gene expression levels of CRH, PNX, GPR173, kisspeptin, GnRH, GnIH, and spexin neuropeptides were measured via qPCR, while plasma cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone concentrations were quantified using ELISA. Seminal fluid and testis samples were collected for sperm analysis and histopathological evaluation, respectively. Results showed altered behaviours in CUS-induced rats, reflecting stress impacts. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression and plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in CUS-induced rats compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conversely, phoenixin (PNX) expression decreased in the CUS group (p < 0.05), while kisspeptin, spexin, and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) levels showed no significant differences between groups. Despite a significant increase in GnRH expression (p < 0.05), plasma LH and testosterone concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CUS-induced rats. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormal testis morphology in CUS-induced rats, including disrupted architecture, visible interstitial spaces between seminiferous tubules, and absence of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, CUS affects reproductive function by modulating PNX and GnRH expression, influencing cortisol levels, and subsequently reducing plasma LH and testosterone concentrations. This study highlights the complex interplay between chronic stress and reproductive health, emphasizing the significant impact of stress on reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Isnaini Mohamed
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mageswary Sivalingam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zafar MI, Chen X. Effects of Calorie Restriction on Preserving Male Fertility Particularly in a State of Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:256-274. [PMID: 38489002 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Highlight the importance of exploring nutritional interventions that could be applied as alternative or supplementary therapeutic strategies to enhance men's fertility. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle choices have prompted extensive discussions regarding its implications and applications as a complementary therapy. The growing concern over the decline in sperm quality underscores the urgency of investigating these alternative interventions. Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve male fertility. The efficacy of CR depends on factors like age, ethnicity and genetics. Clinical studies, such as CALERIE, have shown an improvement in serum testosterone level and sexual drive in men with or without obesity. Additionally, CR has been shown to positively impact sperm count and motility; however, its effects on sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation remain less clear, and the literature has shown discrepancies, mainly due to the nature of technically dependent assessment tools. The review advocates a personalized approach to CR, considering individual health profiles to maximize its benefits. It underscores the need for routine, accessible diagnostic techniques in male reproductive health. It suggests that future research should focus on personalized dietary interventions to improve male fertility and overall well-being in individuals with or without obesity and unravel CR's immediate and lasting effects on semen parameters in men without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
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Gao DD, Liu GQ, Chen YL, Ding N, Zhong JH, Liang GN, Deng WJ, Li PL, Su JR, Wang M, Huang JH, Hu M. Cellular mechanism underlying leptin-induced anion secretion of rat epididymal epithelial cells. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38778669 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown that leptin plays an important role in the regulation of fertility via the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. However, its peripheral function in epididymis was still elusive. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the pro-secretion effect of leptin on the rat epididymal epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis were employed to detect the expression pattern of leptin receptors in rat epididymis. The pro-secretion effect of leptin on epididymal epithelial cells was measured by short-circuit current, and the prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate level was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We verified that the leptin receptor was located on the epididymal epithelium, with a relatively high expression level in corpus and cauda epididymis. Ussing chamber experiments showed that leptin stimulated a significant rise of the short-circuit current in rat epididymal epithelial cells, which could be abolished by the specific leptin receptor antagonist peptide Allo-aca, or by removing the ambient Cl- and HCO3 -. Furthermore, the leptin-stimulated short-circuit current response could be abrogated by blocking the apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator or the basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter. Our pharmacological experiments manifested that interfering with the prostaglandin H synthase-2-prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4-adenylate cyclase pathways could significantly blunt the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator-mediated anion secretion induced by leptin. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that leptin could induce a substantial increase in prostaglandin E2 release and cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis of primary cultured rat cauda epididymal epithelial cells. Our data also suggested that JAK2, ERK, and PI3K-dependent phosphorylation may be involved in the activation of prostaglandin H synthase-2 and the subsequent prostaglandin E2 production. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the pro-secretion function of leptin in rat epididymal epithelium via the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, which was dependent on the paracrine/autocrine prostaglandin E2 stimulated EP2/EP4-adenylate cyclase pathways, and thus contributed to the formation of an appropriate microenvironment essential for sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Nan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ji Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Lun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Rui Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen YK, Liu TT, Teia FKF, Xie MZ. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine: an overview of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218880. [PMID: 37600709 PMCID: PMC10433171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are closely related metabolic disorders that have become major public health concerns worldwide. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and identified various risk factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been increasingly recognized for its potential to manage obesity and diabetes. Weight loss is difficult to sustain, and several diabetic therapies, such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin, might make it harder to lose weight. While lifestyle changes should be the primary approach for people interested in lowering weight, drugs are also worth investigating. Since some of the newer glucose-lowering medications that cause weight loss, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), are additionally utilized or are under consideration for use as anti-obesity drugs, the frontier between glucose-lowering medication and weight loss drugs appears to be shifting. This review provides an overview of the literature on the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the prospect of TCM in their management. We discuss the various TCM interventions, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and dietary therapy, and their effects on metabolic health. We also highlight the potential of TCM in regulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity. The findings suggest that TCM may provide a promising approach to preventing and managing obesity and diabetes. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-ting Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Farah Khameis Farag Teia
- Department of Agro-technology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meng-zhou Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Lalrinzuali S, Khushboo M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Nisa N, Bidanchi RM, Laskar SA, Manikandan B, Abinash G, Pori B, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52446-52471. [PMID: 36840878 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels alters testicular physiology and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to the testicular system and its function. Thirteen-week-old male rats (n = 20) were assigned to a high-calorie, high-fat diet (FPF-H, fat-60%, 23 kJ/g), a moderate-calorie, moderate-fat diet (FPF-M, fat-30%, 17.5 kJ/g), a low-calorie and low-fat diet (FPF-L, fat-15%, 14.21 kJ/g) compared to the standard diet (Control, fat-11%, 12.56 kJ/g) orally for 90 days. GC-MS analysis of the three FPF-diets showed high quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω6 (PUFA-ω6) and low levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω3 (PUFA-ω3) compared to the control diet. Consequently, the levels of serum FAMEs of the FPF-diet fed rats were significantly increased. In addition, a high level of n-6:n-3 PUFA towards PUFA-ω6 was observed in the serum of FPF-diet fed rats due to the high content of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Long-term consumption of FPF-diets disturbed the anthropometrical, nutritional, physiological, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, administration of FPF-diets generated metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, leptinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hepato-renal disorder and function), increased the cardiovascular risk factors, and triggered serum and testis inflammatory markers (interleukin-1↑, interleukin-6↑, interleukin-10↓, leukotriene B4↑, prostaglandin↑, nitric oxide↑, myeloperoxidase↑, lactate dehydrogenase↑, and tumor necrosis factor-α↑). Activated testis oxidative stress (conjugated dienes↑, lipid hydroperoxides↑, malondialdehyde↑, protein carbonyl↑, and fragmented DNA↑) and depleted antioxidant reserve (catalase↓, superoxide dismutase↓, glutathione S-transferase↓, reduced glutathione↓, glutathione disulfide↑, and GSH:GSSG ratio↓) were observed in FPF-diet fed rats. Disrupted testis histoarchitecture, progressive deterioration of spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality and functional indices, significant alterations in the reproductive hormones (serum and testis testosterone↓, serum estradiol↑, serum luteinizing hormone↓, and follicle-stimulating hormone↑), were noted in rats fed with FPF diets than in the control diet. Severe steroidogenic impairment (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR↓; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD↓; and luteinizing hormone receptor, LHR↓), deficiency in germ cells proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA↓), and abnormally enhanced testicular germ cell apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL assay↑; B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL-2↓; Bcl-2-associated X protein, BAX↑; and BAX/BCL-2 ratio↑) were remarked in the FPF-diet administered rats in comparison with the control diet. In conclusion, the long-term feeding of an FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, resulting in metabolic syndrome and hampering male reproductive system and functions. Therefore, the adoption of FPF diets correlates with irreversible changes in testis metabolism, steroidogenesis, germ cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which are related to permanent damage to the testicular system and function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Saeed-Ahmed Laskar
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhao J, Li M, Zhang Y, Hu H, Wei L, Zhou K, Qin H, Qu P, Cao W, Liu E. Effect of Dietetic Obesity on Testicular Transcriptome in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030557. [PMID: 36980830 PMCID: PMC10048326 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder resulting from behavioral, environmental and heritable causes, and can have a negative impact on male reproduction. There have been few experiments in mice, rats, and rabbits on the effects of obesity on reproduction, which has inhibited the development of better treatments for male subfertility caused by obesity. Nonhuman primates are most similar to human beings in anatomy, physiology, metabolism, and biochemistry and are appropriate subjects for obesity studies. In this investigation, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of the testes of cynomolgus monkeys on high-fat, high-fructose, and cholesterol-rich diets to determine the effect of obesity on gene expression in testes. The results showed that the testes of obese monkeys had abnormal morphology, and their testes transcriptome was significantly different from that of non-obese animals. We identified 507 differentially abundant genes (adjusted p value < 0.01, log2 [FC] > 2) including 163 up-regulated and 344 down-regulated genes. Among the differentially abundant genes were ten regulatory genes, including IRF1, IRF6, HERC5, HERC6, IFIH1, IFIT2, IFIT5, IFI35, RSAD2, and UBQLNL. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis was conducted, and we found that processes and pathways associated with the blood testes barrier (BTB), immunity, inflammation, and DNA methylation in gametes were preferentially enriched. We also found abnormal expression of genes related to infertility (TDRD5, CLCN2, MORC1, RFX8, SOHLH1, IL2RB, MCIDAS, ZPBP, NFIA, PTPN11, TSC22D3, MAPK6, PLCB1, DCUN1D1, LPIN1, and GATM) and down-regulation of testosterone in monkeys with dietetic obesity. This work not only provides an important reference for research and treatment on male infertility caused by obesity, but also valuable insights into the effects of diet on gene expression in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Miaojing Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
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7
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Shih YL, Shih YH, Huang TC, Shih CC, Chen JY. Association between sedentary time and plasma leptin levels in middle-aged and older adult population in Taiwan: A community-based, cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1057497. [PMID: 36698957 PMCID: PMC9868819 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1057497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Association of sedentary behavior and plasma leptin levels is a popular topic in recent research. Aged populations often suffer from cardiometabolic diseases, and leptin is considered a novel marker for many cardiometabolic diseases. To further explore this topic, our research investigates the relationship between sedentary time and serum leptin levels in middle-aged and older populations. Methods A total of 396 middle-aged and older adult Taiwanese participants were included in this study. We recorded their self-reported sitting time as sedentary time. Participants were categorized into low leptin, medium leptin group, and high leptin groups according to the tertile of serum leptin level in the study. We also analyzed the anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters between the three groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between leptin level, sedentary time, and other cardiometabolic risk factors. The relationsip between leptin and sedentary time was also shown in a scatter plot. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the association between serum leptin levels and sedentary time after adjusting for age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, uric acid, creatinine, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Results In our study, data from a total of 396 participants were analyzed. The average age of participants was 64.75 (±8.75) years, and ~41.4% were male. A longer period of sedentary time was observed in the high leptin group. A positive correlation was found between serum leptin level and sedentary time in Spearman's correlation, in all BMI groups. Serum leptin levels were positively associated with sedentary time (B = 0.603, p = 0.016) in the multivariate linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, triglycerides, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, uric acid, creatinine, and ALT. Conclusion Prolonged sedentary time can be an independent risk factor for high serum leptin levels, and high leptin levels can be a novel marker in future healthcare to screen the individual with prolonged sedentary time. Furthermore, based on our study, future research can further explore the relationship between leptin levels and health promotion, especially decreasing sedentary time in the middle-aged and elder population, which is vulnerable to cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Shih
- School of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tzu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Shih
- General Administrative Department, United Safety Medical Group, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Jau-Yuan Chen ✉
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8
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Al-Nawd EA, Alshowafi FK, Abdullateef AA, Noman MMA, Albadani RH, Al-Mansoub MA. Serum leptin correlates in fertile and idiopathic infertile Yemeni males: a comparative cross-sectional study. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:348-356. [DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebraheem A. Al-Nawd
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jibla University for Medical and Health Sciences, Ibb, Yemen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, The High Institute of Health Sciences, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Fairouz K. Alshowafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Ahmed A. Abdullateef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Mohammad M. Abdulgabbar Noman
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Rashad H. Albadani
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Althawra Hospital, Ibb, Yemen
- The Consultant Medical Centre for Dermatology, Andrology and Infertility, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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9
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Petrescu AD, Grant S, Williams E, An SY, Seth N, Shell M, Amundsen T, Tan C, Nadeem Y, Tjahja M, Weld L, Chu CS, Venter J, Frampton G, McMillin M, DeMorrow S. Leptin Enhances Hepatic Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:484-502. [PMID: 34896073 PMCID: PMC8895426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine with roles in food intake and energy metabolism through its actions on neurons in the hypothalamus. The role of leptin in obesity and cardiovascular disorders is well documented. However, its influence on liver conditions such as cholestasis is poorly understood. The effects of exogenous leptin and leptin-neutralizing antibody on biliary hyperplasia, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation in the multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2KO) mouse model of cholestasis were assessed by quantifying markers specific for cholangiocytes, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and cytokines. Serum and hepatic leptin were increased in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVB/NJ (FVBN) controls, and exogenous leptin enhanced biliary hyperplasia and liver fibrosis in Mdr2KO and FVBN mice. Leptin administration increased hepatic expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and IL-6 in Mdr2KO mice. In contrast, leptin-neutralizing antibody reduced intrahepatic bile duct mass and decreased HSC activation in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVBN controls. Sex-related differences were noted, with female Mdr2KO mice having more leptin than males. In cholangiocytes and LX2 cells in vitro, leptin increased phosphorylated Akt and stimulated cell proliferation. Leptin receptor siRNA and inhibitors of Akt phosphorylation impaired leptin-induced cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines. The current data suggest that leptin is abnormally increased in cholestatic mice, and excess leptin increases ductular reaction, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation via leptin receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Akt in cholangiocytes and HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Petrescu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Elaina Williams
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Su Yeon An
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Nikhil Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Mark Shell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tyson Amundsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Yusra Nadeem
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew Tjahja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Lancaster Weld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher S Chu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Julie Venter
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Matthew McMillin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas.
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Yardimci A, Ulker N, Bulmus O, Sahin E, Alver A, Gungor IH, Turk G, Artas G, Kaya Tektemur N, Ozcan M, Kelestimur H, Canpolat S. Irisin Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Obese Male Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:1087-1103. [PMID: 35189621 DOI: 10.1159/000523689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is known to cause sexual dysfunction including erectile dysfunction and poor semen quality. Lifestyle modifications such as exercise have increasingly been more recognized to lower the likelihood of having sexual dysfunction or infertility in obese men. In this context, as an exercise-mimetic hormone, irisin has a potential to improve obesity-related reproductive dysfunctions. We aimed to elucidate possible effects of irisin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced reproductive dysfunction in obese male rats. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups: vehicle, irisin, obese, and obese + irisin. The rats in obese and obese+irisin groups were fed with HFD (60% kcal fat) pellets for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and then obesity-induced sexual dysfunction was confirmed by the sexual behavior test (SBT). Irisin and obese+irisin groups received irisin (100 ng/kg/day) infusion by an s.c. osmotic minipump for 4 weeks after HFD-induced obesity was formed. RESULTS Irisin did improve a number of measures of copulation, including penile erection, ejaculation, and sexual performance, and also improved sperm morphology and motility and decreased fat-induced testicular damage. It decreased serum leptin levels. On the other hand, irisin did not affect serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone. It also increased gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and adrenoceptor alpha 1A (ADRA1A) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). CONCLUSION Irisin provided a marked enhancement of HFD-induced decrease in libido, potency, sexual performance, and erection in SBT. Taken together, our results emphasize that irisin has a restorative and improver role in HFD-induced reproductive dysfunctions in obese male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Elif Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Gungor
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Turk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Artas
- Department of Medical Pathology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya Tektemur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Suleiman JB, Abu Bakar AB, Noor MM, Nna VU, Othman ZA, Zakaria Z, Eleazu CO, Mohamed M. Bee bread mitigates downregulation of steroidogenic genes, decreased spermatogenesis, and epididymal oxidative stress in male rats fed with high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E351-E366. [PMID: 34229480 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary-gonadal axis plays an important role in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, and by extension, fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of bee bread, a natural bee product, against obesity-induced decreases in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200 and 300 g were divided into four groups (n = 8/group), namely: normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus bee bread administered concurrently for 12 wk (HFD + B), HFD plus orlistat administered concurrently for 12 wk (HFD + O) groups. Bee bread (0.5 g/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) was suspended in distilled water and given by oral gavage daily for 12 wk. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and adiponectin, as well as sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology, and epididymal antioxidants decreased, whereas levels of leptin, malondialdehyde, and sperm nDNA fragmentation increased significantly in the HFD group relative to the NC group. There were significant decreases in the testicular mRNA transcript levels of androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD in the testes of the HFD group. Furthermore, mount, intromission and ejaculatory latencies increased, and penile cGMP level decreased significantly in the HFD group. Supplementation with bee bread significantly reduced leptin level and increased adiponectin level, enhanced sperm parameters and reduced sperm nDNA fragmentation, upregulated the levels of steroidogenic genes and proteins in HFD-induced obese male rats. Bee bread improved steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis by upregulating steroidogenic genes. Therefore, bee bread may be considered as a potential supplementation to protect against infertility in overweight men or men with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The high-fat diet utilized in the present study induced obesity in the male rats. Bee bread supplementation mitigated impaired steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, mating behavior, and fertility potential by counteracting the downregulation of steroidogenic genes, thus increasing testosterone levels and suppressing epididymal oxidative stress. These benefits may be due to the abundance of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in bee bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo, Nigeria
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mahanem Mat Noor
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Chinedum Ogbonnaya Eleazu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Wang S, Sun J, Wang J, Ping Z, Liu L. Does obesity based on body mass index affect semen quality?-A meta-analysis and systematic review from the general population rather than the infertile population. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14099. [PMID: 34028074 DOI: 10.1111/and.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether obesity affects the quality of semen has become the focus of research. However, there are some deficiencies in the past research, because the vast majority of known infertile patients were included in the study samples. Taking infertile men as the research object to analyse the impact of obesity on semen quality, which cannot accurately prove that the impact on semen quality is caused by obesity, because the impact on semen quality may also be caused by other factors. Therefore, we selected ordinary obese men rather than infertile patients to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of obesity on semen parameters. The results showed that obesity had no effect on sperm concentration (SMD: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.32 ~ 0.02, p = .088) and percentage of normal sperm morphology (SMD: -0.17, 95% CI: -0.66 ~ 0.32, p = .487), but decreased semen volume (SMD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.52 ~ -0.12, p = .002), total sperm number (SMD: -0.77, 95% CI: -1.31 ~ -0.23, p = .005), percentage of forward progression (SMD: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.7 ~ -0.19, p = .014) and percentage of viability (SMD: -0.812, 95% CI: -1.532 ~ -0.093, p = .027). Therefore, obesity affects semen quality to a certain extent, and maintaining normal weight may be one of the effective ways to improve male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuiYan Wang
- School of basic medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of basic medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - JunYi Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ZhiGuang Ping
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of basic medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen PY, Tsai YW, Chang AYW, Chang HH, Hsiao YH, Huang CW, Sung PS, Chen BH, Fu TF. Increased leptin-b expression and metalloprotease expression contributed to the pyridoxine-associated toxicity in zebrafish larvae displaying seizure-like behavior. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Obesity and male infertility: Mechanisms and management. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13617. [PMID: 32399992 DOI: 10.1111/and.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a global health problem affecting more than a third of the population. Complications of obesity include cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, malignancy (including prostatic cancer), neurodegeneration and accelerated ageing. In males, these further include erectile dysfunction, poor semen quality and subclinical prostatitis. Although poorly understood, important mediators of obesity that may influence the male reproductive system include hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Obesity is known to disrupt male fertility and the reproduction potential, particularly through alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, disruption of testicular steroidogenesis and metabolic dysregulation, including insulin, cytokines and adipokines. Importantly, obesity and its underlying mediators result in a negative impact on semen parameters, including sperm concentration, motility, viability and normal morphology. Moreover, obesity inhibits chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, increases apoptosis and epigenetic changes that can be transferred to the offspring. This review discusses the impact of obesity on the male reproductive system and fertility, including associated mechanisms. Furthermore, weight management strategies, lifestyle changes, prescription medication, and complementary and alternative medicine in the management of obesity-induced subfertility is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Leisegang K, Dutta S. Do lifestyle practices impede male fertility? Andrologia 2020; 53:e13595. [PMID: 32330362 DOI: 10.1111/and.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside an increasing prevalence of couple and male infertility, evidence suggests there is a global declining trend in male fertility parameters over the past few decades. This may, at least in part, be explained through detrimental lifestyle practices and exposures. These include alcohol and tobacco consumption, use of recreational drugs (e.g., cannabis, opioids and anabolic steroids), poor nutritional habits, obesity and metabolic syndrome, genital heat stress (e.g., radiation exposure through cell phones and laptops, prolonged periods of sitting, tight-fitting underwear and recurrent hot baths or saunas), exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (e.g., pesticide residue, bisphenol A, phthalates and dioxins) and psychological stress. This review discusses these lifestyle practices and the current evidence associated with male infertility. Furthermore, known mechanisms of action are also discussed for each of these. Common mechanisms associated with a reduction in spermatogenesis and/or steroidogenesis due to unfavourable lifestyle practices include inflammation and oxidative stress locally or systemically. It is recommended that relevant lifestyle practices are investigated in clinical history of male infertility cases, particularly in unexplained or idiopathic male infertility. Appropriate modification of detrimental lifestyle practices is further suggested and recommended in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
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