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Shojaedini M, Hemadi M, Saki G, Fakhredini F, Khodayar MJ, Khorsandi L. Thymoquinone effects on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced testicular damage in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1881-1891. [PMID: 38568464 PMCID: PMC11263301 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on CP-induced spermatogenesis defects in mice has been investigated. METHODS Sperm parameters, serum testosterone concentration, histology, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and expression of autophagy-related biomarkers have been assessed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in testicular tissue were examined for the evaluation of oxidative stress levels. RESULTS CP has induced histological changes and significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreased testosterone concentration, testicular weight, and sperm quality. CP induced oxidative stress by elevating OSI in the testicular tissue (p < 0.05). Expression of the autophagy-inducer genes (ATG7, ATG5, and Beclin-1) and ratio of LC3B/LC3A proteins were significantly decreased, while mTOR expression was increased in the CP group. TQ pretreatment dose-dependently decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mTOR gene expression while increasing the expression of ATG5 and ATG7 genes, LC3B/LC3A ratio, and Beclin-1 proteins. TQ could also dose-dependently reverse the histology, testosterone level, and sperm quality of the CP-intoxicated mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that TQ pretreatment can enhance sperm production by inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress in the CP-intoxicated mouse testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shojaedini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Hemadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshtehsadat Fakhredini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Abu-Risha SE, Sokar SS, Elzorkany KE, Elsisi AE. Donepezil and quercetin alleviate valproate-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: Imperative roles of AMPK/SIRT1/ PGC-1α and p38-MAPK/NF-κB/ IL-1β signaling cascades. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112240. [PMID: 38744177 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mounting evidence of valproate-induced testicular damage in clinical settings is alarming, especially for men taking valproate (VPA) for long-term or at high doses. Both donepezil (DON) and quercetin (QUE) have promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether DON, QUE, and their combination could mitigate VPA-induced testicular toxicity and unravel the mechanisms underlying their protective effect. In this study, male albino rats were randomly categorized into six equal groups: control, VPA (500 mg/kg, I.P., for 14 days), DON (3 and 5 mg/kg), QUE (50 mg/kg), and DON 3 + QUE combination groups. The DON and QUE treatments were administered orally for 7 consecutive days before VPA administration and then concomitantly with VPA for 14 days. VPA administration disrupted testicular function by altering testicular architecture, ultrastructure, reducing sperm count, viability, and serum testosterone levels. Additionally, VPA triggered oxidative damage, inflammatory, and apoptotic processes and suppressed the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling cascade. Pretreatment with DON, QUE, and their combination significantly alleviated histological and ultrastructure damage caused by VPA and increased the serum testosterone level, sperm count, and viability. They also suppressed the oxidative stress by reducing testicular MDA content and elevating SOD activity. In addition, they reduced the inflammatory response by suppressing IL-1β level, NF-κB, and the p38-MAPK expression as well as inhibiting apoptosis by diminishing caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 expression. These novel protective effects were mediated by upregulating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling cascade. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DON, QUE, and their combination possess potent protective effects against VPA-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Abu-Risha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Samia S Sokar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Kawthar E Elzorkany
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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Ghasemi F, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Omidifar N, Nili-Ahmadabadi M. Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1764-1777. [PMID: 36872630 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutions used in various industries. Their extensive use has increased human susceptibility to different chronic diseases. Toxic metal exposure, especially cadmium, arsenic, and lead, causes oxidative damages, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic modifications. Meanwhile, thymoquinone (TQ) is an effective component of Nigella sativa oil that plays an important role in preventing the destructive effects of heavy metals. The present review discusses how TQ can protect various tissues against oxidative damage of heavy metals. This review is based on the research reported about the protective effects of TQ in the toxicity of heavy metals, approximately the last 10 years (2010-2021). Scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, were searched using the following keywords either alone or in combination: cadmium, arsenic, lead, TQ, and oxidative stress. TQ, as a potent antioxidant, can distribute to cellular compartments and prevent oxidative damage of toxic metals. However, depending on the type of toxic metal and the carrier system used to release TQ in biological systems, its therapeutic dosage range may be varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Ghasemi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Safdar A, Ismail F. A comprehensive review on pharmacological applications and drug-induced toxicity of valproic acid. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:265-278. [PMID: 36942277 PMCID: PMC10023552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid, a branching short chain fatty acid, is a popular drug to treat epilepsy and acts as a mood-stabilizing drug. The obstruction of ion channels and Gamma Amino Butyrate transamino butyrate GABA has been linked to antiepileptic effects. Valproic acid has been characterized as a Histone deacetylase inhibitor, functioning directly transcription of gene levels by blocking the deacetylation of histones and increasing the accessibility of transcription sites. Study has been extensively focused on pharmaceutical activity of valproic acid through various pharmacodynamics activity from absorption, distribution and excretion particularly in patients who are resistant to or intolerant of lithium or carbamazepine, as well as those with mixed mania or rapid cycling.
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Azırak S. Prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by amikacin: The role of misoprostol, A prostaglandin E1 analogue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106682. [PMID: 36349661 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Amikacin (AK) is an aminoglycoside that is widely used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative infections, especially in intensive care units. Despite its wide clinical indications, AK causes serious side effects such as kidney toxicity. AK was found to lead to tissue damage primarily through apoptosis and oxidative stress. Therefore, it was investigated whether misoprostol (MP), which has antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, had a beneficial effect on kidney damage caused by AK. It was observed that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) mRNA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and Caspase-3 (CAS-3) levels increased in the AK-treated group in comparison with the control group, while uric acid, albumin, and total protein levels were decreased. In rats that were treated with AK+MP, the levels of KIM-1 mRNA, BUN, Cr, NOX-4 and CAS-3 were significantly decreased in comparison with the AK group, while uric acid, albumin and total protein levels increased. According to the obtained results, MP was found to be quite effective in the protection of kidneys from the toxic effects of AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebile Azırak
- Vocational School of Health Services, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey.
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Nithya G, Santhanasabapathy R, Vanitha MK, Anandakumar P, Sakthisekaran D. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene-induced experimental lung cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23230. [PMID: 36193556 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that increased consumption of phytochemicals is a comparatively easy and practical strategy to significantly decrease the incidence of cancer. In the present study, we have reported the protective effect of a natural compound, thymoquinone (TQ) against benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice weekly for four successive weeks and left until 20 weeks to induce lung cancer in mice. TQ (20 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as a pretreatment and posttreatment drug to determine its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. B(a)P-induced lung cancer-bearing animals displayed cachexia-like symptoms along with an abnormal increase in lung weight and the activities of marker enzymes adenosine deaminase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase and lactate dehydrogenase; tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Furthermore, B(a)P-induced animals showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with subsequent depletion in the antioxidant status and histological aberrations. These anomalies were accompanied by increased expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 in the lung sections derived from B(a)P-induced animals. On TQ treatment, all the above alterations were returned to near normalcy. Furthermore, TQ administration in B(a)P-induced animals downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and induced apoptosis as evidenced by a decrease in cytochrome c, proapoptotic Bax, caspase-3, and p53 with a parallel increase in antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Our present results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of TQ as an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic agent against B(a)P-induced experimental lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendran Nithya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manickam Kalappan Vanitha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dhanapalan Sakthisekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bilgiç S, Özgöçmen M, Ozer MK. Thymoquinone ameliorates amikacin induced oxidative damage in rat brain tissue. Biotech Histochem 2022; 98:38-45. [PMID: 35811486 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2087905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on amikacin (AK) induced oxidative damage in rat brain. We used 21 male rats divided randomly into three equal groups. The control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.5 ml 0.9% aqueous NaCl and given 1 ml 0.9% aqueous NaCl orally. The AK group was administered 1.2 g/kg aqueous AK i.p. as a single dose on the day 3 of the study. The AK + TQ group was given a single 1.2 g/kg dose of AK i.p. on the day 3 of the study plus 40 mg/kg/day TQ by oral gavage daily. Treatment with TQ increased serum ferritin and decreased serum calcium levels significantly. TQ also decreased NADPH oxidase-2, NADPH oxidase-4, and caspase-3 levels. Decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were detected in the AK + TQ group compared to the AK group. TQ administration inhibited lipid peroxide formation and blocked oxidative reactions, which reduced the MDA level and increased SOD and CAT activities induced by AK. Oxidative damage caused by AK was ameliorated by TQ treatment owing to its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. TQ may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the severity of AK induced oxidative damage to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Bilgiç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Meltem Özgöçmen
- Department of Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya Ozer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Gür FM, Bilgiç S. A synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, ameliorates paclitaxel-induced oxidative damage in rat brain. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 162:106663. [PMID: 35809771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of our study was to examine the protection of misoprostol (MP) on paclitaxel (PAX) side effects in rat brains. Twenty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were provided to form 4 groups, each containing seven rats: the control group was given 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl orally for six days. In treatment groups, each rat was injected with 2 mg/kg PAX i.p. on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 of the study, and 0.2 mg/kg/day MP was given by oral gavage for six days. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) of tissue samples were measured. In immunohistochemical analyzes, it was observed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cleaved caspase-3 expression in the cerebellum hippocampus and cerebral cortex were increased in the PAX group compared to the other groups. The increase in TNF-α and cleaved caspase-3 expression detected in PAX group rats were significantly decreased in the PAX + MP group. The results obtained in this study confirm the hypotheses that PAX can increase apoptosis in brain tissue both directly and through cytokines such as TNF-α. It also shows that MP can be used as a protective and therapeutic pharmacological agent against the harmful effects of PAX on brain tissue. In addition, it seems that the use of MP can improve PAX-induced brain damage by preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Mehmet Gür
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sedat Bilgiç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
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Mahmud NM, Paraoan L, Khaliddin N, Kamalden TA. Thymoquinone in Ocular Neurodegeneration: Modulation of Pathological Mechanisms via Multiple Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:786926. [PMID: 35308121 PMCID: PMC8924063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.786926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a naturally occurring compound and is the major component of Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin. For centuries thymoquinone has been used especially in the Middle East traditionally to treat wounds, asthma, allergies, fever, headache, cough, hypertension, and diabetes. Studies have suggested beneficial effects of thymoquinone to be attributed to its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in thymoquinone as a treatment for neurodegeneration in the brain, such as that seen in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In vitro and in vivo studies on animal models of AD and PD suggest the main neuroprotective mechanisms are based on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of thymoquinone. Neurodegenerative conditions of the eye, such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma share at least in part similar mechanisms of neuronal cell death with those occurring in AD and PD. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the evidence to date of the effects and potential neuroprotective actions of thymoquinone in the eye and ocular neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Musfirah Mahmud
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nurliza Khaliddin
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Ain Kamalden
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Tengku Ain Kamalden,
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Adewole KE, Attah AF, Osawe SO. Exploring phytotherapeutic approach in the management of valproic acid-induced toxicity. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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