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Derwand D, Zierau O, Thieme D, Keiler AM. Up to the maximum-testosterone dose-dependent effects on anabolic and androgen responsive tissues in orchiectomized rats. Andrology 2024; 12:231-240. [PMID: 37254653 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high number of synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroids, testosterone is still misused for doping in amateur and professional sports. However, only few studies investigated the dose-response effects of testosterone beyond its physiological concentrations and in over 90 years of research, no saturation dosage has been experimentally described for exogenous testosterone administration. OBJECTIVES We want to elucidate the physiological and pathophysiological effects of supra-physiological testosterone application and close this gap in testosterone dose-response data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male orchiectomized rats were treated with different testosterone doses ranging from 0.1 to 50 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks. Several physiological endpoints (e.g., body weight, organ and muscle weight, muscle strength, muscle fiber size) were examined during and after the termination of the treatment with an adjusted Hershberger assay, open-field-test, and (immuno-)histologic. RESULTS The wet weights of androgen responsive organs (penis, prostate, seminal vesicle) showed a significant increase in a dose-dependent manner. Histological evaluation of the prostate showed a significant higher percentage of KI67 positive prostate nuclei in the highest dosage group and an increasing hyperplasia with increasing testosterone administered. A significant anabolic effect was only observed in Levator ani wet weight, and to minor degree for the cardiac muscle. Regarding other skeletal muscles (Musculus soleus and Musculus gastrognemicus), no significant testosterone effects were observed. We showed a significant increasing dosage-response effect for testosterone in androgen responsive organs with saturation at the two highest concentration of 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The dose-dependent androgenic effects of testosterone were well observable and the anabolic effects on muscle tissue were visible although to a lesser degree, without the support of aerobic exercise and a protein rich diet. Future studies should investigate a combinatorial effect of testosterone and training. Nevertheless, with the chosen range of applied testosterone, we showed a saturation of testosterone effects in prostate, seminal vesicle, penis, and Levator ani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derwand
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Martina Keiler
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Okui N, Erel T, Okui MA. Analysis of Predictive Factors for Return to Sports in Female Athletes With Stress Urinary Incontinence. Cureus 2023; 15:e44364. [PMID: 37664372 PMCID: PMC10469950 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify predictive factors for successful return to sports among elite female athletes (EFAs) experiencing stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We used machine learning to analyze these predictors. Methods This study was conducted at Yokosuka Urogynecology and Urology Clinic, located in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa, Japan. A total of 153 EFAs with postpartum SUI were included in this retrospective cohort study. Information regarding the frequency of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), treatment approaches, rates of return to sports after one year, and one-hour pad test (1HrPadtest) at three months were collected. Results At three months, 26.8% of the EFAs improved in SUI; after one year, 28.1% returned to their respective sports successfully. The equation for predicting return to sports (logit(p)) involved several factors: (a) serum total testosterone, (b) PFMT frequency per week, (c) 1HrPadtest at three months, and (d) vaginal erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (VEL) + urethral EL (UEL) treatment. The equation was as follows: -126 - 0.07276a + 25.98b - 1.947c - 25.32d, with a logit(p) cutoff point at 0.5. The optimal cutoff values and the four influential factors were determined through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the random forest model, respectively. Conclusions For EFAs with severe SUI to successfully return to their sports activities, the PFMT frequency was paramount. Patients who exhibited unsatisfactory results in the 1HrPadtest at the three-month mark benefited from the VEL+UEL treatment. Serum total testosterone proved to be an effective discerning criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Okui
- Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, JPN
| | - Tamer Erel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
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Han S, Jeon YJ, Lee TY, Park GM, Park S, Kim SC. Testosterone is associated with abdominal body composition derived from computed tomography: a large cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22528. [PMID: 36581676 PMCID: PMC9800400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum testosterone and abdominal body composition based on abdominopelvic computed tomography (APCT) measurements after adjusting for individual metabolic syndrome components. We performed a cross-sectional study using male subjects (age range: 22-84 years) who underwent a general health examination with abdominopelvic computed tomography and testosterone measurements. Body composition was evaluated with APCT. To confirm an association between testosterone and abdominal body composition, we conducted linear regression analysis. The effect of abdominal body composition was adjusted for important clinical factors such as age, albumin, and metabolic components in the multivariable regression analysis. Overall, 1453 subjects were included in the primary analysis. After adjustment for age, individual metabolic components, albumin, hemoglobin A1c, and C-reactive protein, we found that subcutaneous fat area index (β = - 0.042, p < 0.001), total abdominal muscle area index (β = 0.115, p < 0.001), normal attenuation muscle area index (β = 0.070, p < 0.001), and loge-transformed lower attenuation muscle area index (β = 0.140, p = 0.002) had an association with loge-transformed testosterone level. After adjusting for individual metabolic syndrome components, testosterone was associated negatively with subcutaneous fat, but not visceral fat. In addition, testosterone was positively correlated with abdominal muscle regardless of qualitative features such as fat-rich and fat-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbong Han
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jee Jeon
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sungchan Park
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Potluri T, Taylor MJ, Stulberg JJ, Lieber RL, Zhao H, Bulun SE. An estrogen-sensitive fibroblast population drives abdominal muscle fibrosis in an inguinal hernia mouse model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e152011. [PMID: 35439171 PMCID: PMC9090253 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater than 25% of all men develop an inguinal hernia in their lifetime, and more than 20 million inguinal hernia repair surgeries are performed worldwide each year. The mechanisms causing abdominal muscle weakness, the formation of inguinal hernias, or their recurrence are largely unknown. We previously reported that excessively produced estrogen in the lower abdominal muscles (LAMs) triggers extensive LAM fibrosis, leading to hernia formation in a transgenic male mouse model expressing the human aromatase gene (Aromhum). To understand the cellular basis of estrogen-driven muscle fibrosis, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on LAM tissue from Aromhum and wild-type littermates. We found a fibroblast-like cell group composed of 6 clusters, 2 of which were validated for their enrichment in Aromhum LAM tissue. One of the potentially novel hernia-associated fibroblast clusters in Aromhum was enriched for the estrogen receptor-α gene (Esr1hi). Esr1hi fibroblasts maximally expressed estrogen target genes and seemed to serve as the progenitors of another cluster expressing ECM-altering enzymes (Mmp3hi) and to upregulate expression of proinflammatory, profibrotic genes. The discovery of these 2 potentially novel and unique hernia-associated fibroblasts may lead to the development of novel treatments that can nonsurgically prevent or reverse inguinal hernias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Potluri
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and
| | - Matthew J. Taylor
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and
| | - Jonah J. Stulberg
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard L. Lieber
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and
| | - Serdar E. Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and
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The effects of testosterone administration on muscle areas of the trunk and pelvic floor in hysterectomized women with low testosterone levels: proof-of-concept study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:1405-1414. [PMID: 31479032 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of testosterone administration on trunk and pelvic floor muscle area in women with low testosterone levels. METHODS Participants were hysterectomized women with total testosterone<31 ng/dL and/or free testosterone<3.5 pg/mL; participating in the Testosterone Dose Response in Surgically Menopausal Women (TDSM) trial. All participants received a standardized transdermal estradiol regimen during the 12-week run-in period, and were then randomized to receive weekly intramuscular injections of placebo, or 3, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg testosterone enanthate for 24 weeks. Muscle areas of the trunk and pelvis were measured at baseline and end of treatment using 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Total and free testosterone levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis, respectively. Testosterone effect on muscle areas was analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS A total of 24 women who had available baseline and posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging were included in the analysis. Increased cross-sectional areas of the paraspinal, psoas, and abdominal wall muscles were seen after testosterone administration. The estimated mean change (95% CI; P value) between treatment groups was 4.07 cm (1.26-6.88; P = 0.007) for paraspinal, 1.60 cm (0.10-3.09; P = 0.038) for psoas major, and 7.49 cm (1.96-13.02; P = 0.011) for abdominal wall muscles. Increases in psoas muscle area were significantly associated with changes in free testosterone concentrations. No significant changes in obturator internus and pelvic floor muscle areas were observed. CONCLUSION Short-term testosterone administration in women with low testosterone levels was associated with increased trunk muscle area.
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Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30728074 PMCID: PMC6364418 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shilajit is a safe, fluvic mineral complex exudate that is common to Ayurvedic medicine and is composed of fulvic acids, dibenzo-α-pyrones, proteins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of Shilajit supplementation at 250 mg·d− 1 (low dose) and 500 mg·d− 1 (high dose) versus placebo on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, concentric peak torque, fatigue-induced percent decline in strength, and serum hydroxyproline (HYP). Methods Sixty-three recreationally-active men (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{X} $$\end{document}X¯ ± SD: 21.2 ± 2.4 yr.; 179.8 ± 6.3 cm; 83.1 ± 12.7 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the high dose, low dose, or placebo group (each group: n = 21). During pre-supplementation testing, the subjects performed 2 pretest MVICs, 2 sets of 50 maximal, bilateral, concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s− 1 separated by 2-min of rest, and 2 posttest MVICs. Following 8 weeks of supplementation, the subjects repeated the pre-supplementation testing procedures. In addition, the groups were dichotomized at the 50th percentile based on pre-supplementation MVIC and baseline HYP. Mixed model ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were used to statistically analyze the dependent variables for the total groups (n = 21 per group) as well as dichotomized groups. Results For the upper 50th percentile group, the post-supplementation adjusted mean percent decline in MVIC was significantly less for the high dose group (8.9 ± 2.3%) than the low dose (17.0 ± 2.4%; p = 0.022) and placebo (16.0 ± 2.4%; p = 0.044) groups. There was no significant (p = 0.774) difference, however, between the low dose and placebo groups. In addition, for the upper 50th percentile group, the adjusted mean post-supplementation baseline HYP for the high dose group (1.5 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1) was significantly less than both the low dose (2.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1; p = 0.034) and placebo (2.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1, p = 0.024) groups. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrated that 8 weeks of PrimaVie® Shilajit supplementation at 500 mg·d− 1 promoted the retention of maximal muscular strength following the fatiguing protocol and decreased baseline HYP. Thus, PrimaVie® Shilajit supplementation at 500 mg·d− 1 elicited favorable muscle and connective tissue adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Keller
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA.
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Cory M Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
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Huang G, Pencina KM, Li Z, Basaria S, Bhasin S, Travison TG, Storer TW, Harman SM, Tsitouras P. Long-Term Testosterone Administration on Insulin Sensitivity in Older Men With Low or Low-Normal Testosterone Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1678-1685. [PMID: 29373734 PMCID: PMC6276701 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Serum testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity both decrease with age. Severe testosterone deficiency is associated with the development of insulin resistance. However, the effects of long-term testosterone administration on insulin sensitivity in older men with low or low-normal testosterone levels remain unknown. Methods The Testosterone Effects on Atherosclerosis in Aging Men Trial was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. The participants were 308 community-dwelling men, ≥60 years old, with total testosterone 100 to 400 ng/dL or free testosterone <50 pg/mL. A subset of 134 nondiabetic men (mean age, 66.7 ± 5.1 years) underwent an octreotide insulin suppression test at baseline and at 3 and 36 months after randomization to measure insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity was estimated as the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration at equilibrium during octreotide and insulin administration. Secondary outcomes included total lean mass (TLM) and total fat mass (TFM) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results There was a significant (P = 0.003) increase in SSPG in the placebo group, whereas no change was seen in testosterone-treated subjects from baseline to 36 months; however, the between-group differences in change in SSPG over 3 years were not statistically significant (+15.3 ± 6.9 mg/dL in the placebo group vs +6.2 ± 6.4 mg/dL in the testosterone group; mixed-model effect, P = 0.17). Changes in SSPG with testosterone treatment were not associated with changes in serum total or free testosterone concentrations. Changes in TFM but not TLM were associated with increases in SSPG. Stratification by age or baseline total testosterone level did not show significant intervention effects. Conclusion Testosterone administration for 36 months in older men with low or low-normal testosterone levels did not improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Huang
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Section of Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older
Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Panayiotis Tsitouras
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma
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