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Prades S, Jos SL, Saïas-Magnan J, Bujan L, Eustache F, Blagosklonov O, Lechevallier E, Brugnon F, Loup-Cabaniols V, Bosquet D, Prades M, Ducrocq B, Chalas C, Giscard-d'Estaing S, Mayeur A, Koscinsky I, Schmitt F, Papaxanthos-Roche A, Teletin M, Thibault E, Beauvillard D, Mirallie S, Delepine B, Benhaim A, May-Panloup P, Veau S, Frapsauce C, Fauque P, Costello R, Rives N, Metzler-Guillemain C, Perrin J. Efficient pathway for men fertility preservation in testicular cancer or lymphoma: a cross-sectional study of national 2018 data. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:35. [PMID: 38082221 PMCID: PMC10714657 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 15-49 years-old men, the main cancers are testicular cancer (TC) and lymphomas (L): freezing of ejaculated sperm is primarily used for male fertility preservation (FP) before cancer treatment. Our objective was to analyze the French FP rate in 15-49 years-old men diagnosed with TC or L in 2018. We designed a national descriptive cross-sectional study of sperm banking rate in men with a diagnosis of TC, Hodgkin L (HL) or non-Hodgkin L (NHL). From the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) 2018 data, we extracted the estimated incidence of TC and L in metropolitan France. From the 2018 activity report of CECOS network (Centers for Study and Banking of Eggs and Sperm), we extracted the number of men with TC or L who banked ejaculated sperm. We estimated the proportion of 15-49 years-old men diagnosed with TC or L who banked sperm. RESULTS Among 15-49 years-old men, INCa estimated 38,048 new cancer diagnoses in metropolitan France in 2018: 2,630 TC and 3,913 L (943 HL and 2,970 NHL). The CECOS network provided data from 26/27 metropolitan centers (96% response rate): 1,079 sperm banking for men with TC, 375 for HL and 211 for NHL. We estimated that the 2018 sperm banking rate in France was 41% for TC, 40% for HL, and 7% for NHL. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, our paper is the first cross-sectional study with multicenter and national data analyzing FP rate in cancer men: it suggests an efficient pathway for men to FP before cancer treatment, compared to previously published studies. Although sperm banking rate in 15-49 years-old men could definitely be improved, further studies should evaluate the information given to patients before gonadotoxic treatments, the factors associated with the absence of sperm banking and whether this lack of referral induces a loss of chance for these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Prades
- CECOS/Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, La Conception University Hospital, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah-Lyne Jos
- CECOS/Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, La Conception University Hospital, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jacqueline Saïas-Magnan
- CECOS/Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, La Conception University Hospital, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Louis Bujan
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement) INSERM, Universités Montpellier Et Toulouse 3, CECOS Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 1202, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Eustache
- CECOS, Site Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Bondy, France
- Genomics, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
| | - Oxana Blagosklonov
- Service de Biologie Et Medecine de La Reproduction, Cryobiologie-CECOS, CHRU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Lechevallier
- Service d'Urologie et Transplantation Rénale, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- 1240 IMOST, INSERM, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Service AMP CECOS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Vanessa Loup-Cabaniols
- CECOS Languedoc Roussillon, MONTPELLIER Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorian Bosquet
- Service de Médecine Et Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS-CHU Amiens Picardie - Site Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Marie Prades
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction-CECOS, Hôpital Tenon (AP-HP), Sorbonne-Université, 75020, PARIS, France
| | - Bérengère Ducrocq
- Institut de Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS Hôpital Calmette, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Chalas
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre Université Paris-Cité, GHU Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Giscard-d'Estaing
- Biologie de La Reproduction, U1208, Hospices Civil de Lyon, HFME, Inserm, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard, Oullins, France
| | - Anne Mayeur
- Reproductive Biology Department, CECOS, Paris-Saclay University, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, APHP, Clamart, France
| | - Isabelle Koscinsky
- NGERE (Nutrition Génétique Et Exposition Aux Risques Environnementaux) INSERM 1256 Université de Lorraine, 10 Avenue de La Forêt de Haye, 54505, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de La Reproduction, Hôpital Saint Joseph 26 Boulevard de Louvain, 13008, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Schmitt
- CECOS ALSACE Mulhouse Groupe Hospitalier, de La Région de Mulhouse Et Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique Et de Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université́ de Strasbourg, France-LBDR-CECOS, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), , Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Thibault
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS Hôpital L'Archet 2 - CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Sophie Mirallie
- Service de Médecine Et Biologie de La Reproduction, CHU Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Delepine
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction Reims - Pôle de Biologie Médicale Et Pathologie, Reims, France
| | - Annie Benhaim
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction Coordinatrice Clinico-Biologique du Centre d'AMP du CHU de Caen Pôle de Biologie-CHU, Caen, France
| | - Pascale May-Panloup
- Biologie de La Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire & Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Ségolène Veau
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction-CECOS, CHU Rennes - Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Cynthia Frapsauce
- Service de Médecine Et de Biologie de La Reproduction-CECOS, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Burgundy University, INSERM 1231, Dijon, France
- Dijon University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS Laboratory, Dijon, France
| | - Régis Costello
- Service d'Hématologie Et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital La Conception, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Rives
- NorDiC UMR 1239, team "Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology", Biology of Reproduction-CECOS Laboratory, Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Metzler-Guillemain
- CECOS/Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, La Conception University Hospital, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, UMR_S1251, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanne Perrin
- CECOS/Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, La Conception University Hospital, 13385, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
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Stolk THR, Asseler JD, Huirne JAF, van den Boogaard E, van Mello NM. Desire for children and fertility preservation in transgender and gender-diverse people: A systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 87:102312. [PMID: 36806443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The decision to pursue one's desire for children is a basic human right. For transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, gender-affirming care may alter the possibilities to fulfill one's desire for children due to the impact of this treatment on their reproductive organs. We systematically included 76 studies of varying quality describing the desire for children and parenthood; fertility counseling and utilization; and fertility preservation options and outcomes in TGD people. The majority of TGD people expressed a desire for children. Fertility preservation utilization rates were low as there are many barriers to pursue fertility preservation. The most utilized fertility preservation strategies include oocyte vitrification and sperm banking through masturbation. Oocyte vitrification showed successful outcomes, even after testosterone cessation. Sperm analyses when banking sperm showed a lower quality compared to cis male samples even prior to gender-affirming hormone treatment and an uncertain recovery of spermatogenesis after discontinuing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H R Stolk
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J D Asseler
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J A F Huirne
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E van den Boogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - N M van Mello
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mesnil M, Ranisavljevic N, Brouillet S, Ducrocq B, Reignier A, Yazbeck C, Metzler-Guillemain C, Ohl J, Brunet L, Letur H, Ravel C. [EUGIC (Extension of the Use of Gametes in Intra-Conjugal): New uses of gametes within the couple]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2023; 51:200-205. [PMID: 36681149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New possibilities for using gametes within a couple were created by the French law of August 2, 2021 related to bioethics by opening Assisted Reproductive Technics (ART) to all women. It concerns previously self-preserved gametes, thus avoiding the need for gamete donation. The objective of our study is to evaluate the perception of these new uses by ART practitioners. METHOD A questionnaire of twelve short questions was sent to professionals concerned with gamete donation. RESULTS One hundred and ten professionals answered the questionnaire. The majority of them approve of the Reception of Oocytes from the Partner (ROPA), notably if there is a medical indication. Requests are rarer for the care of trans* people, and raise more questions. Although less favorable to the use of eggs from trans* men, more of them support the practice when it is an alternative to oocyte donation. CONCLUSION The acronym EUGIC (Extension of the Use of Gametes in Intra-Conjugal) makes it possible to group together these new situations generated by the change in the French law.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mesnil
- IODE, UMR CNRS 6262, université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - N Ranisavljevic
- CHU de Montpellier, service de gynécologie, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - S Brouillet
- CHU de Montpellier, laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - B Ducrocq
- CHU de Lille, institut de biologie de la reproduction, CECOS Nord Lille CHRU de Lille, hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
| | - A Reignier
- Biologie de la reproduction, DPI, CECOS, CHU de Nantes, UFR médecine, université de Nantes, Inserm UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - C Yazbeck
- CMC Ambroise Paré Hartmann Cherest, Neuilly Sur Seine, France; Institut médical Reprogynes, 75116 Paris, France
| | - C Metzler-Guillemain
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, centre clinico-biologique AMP-CECOS, Marseille, France
| | - J Ohl
- AMP clinique, CHU de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - L Brunet
- Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de La Sorbonne, université Paris 1 (UMR 8103), France
| | - H Letur
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Foch, Suresnes et service d'AMP et préservation de la fertilité - polyclinique de Navarre - Pau, France
| | - C Ravel
- CHU de Rennes, service de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Mendes N, Woestlandt L, Moreau C, Eustache F, Condat A. [Ethical implications of supporting trans or questioning children and adolescents: Articulation with reproductive health]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:44-48. [PMID: 36692318 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Supporting children and adolescents who are trans or who are questioning cannot be done without an ethical reflection on one's own practice as a health professional. It is important to consider the young person as a whole, including reproductive health issues. This article proposes, through the principles of Beauchamps and Childress, an ethical reflection on the issues of beneficence - not maleficence, and of autonomy and justice for adolescents, young adults, and future trans or questioning parents. For adolescents, concerning the possibilities of medical treatment of gender affirmation, we need to propose information in terms of impact on fertility and, if necessary, proposals for the possibilities of preserving their reproductive capacities. These issues require to question the state of scientific knowledge in terms of parenthood of trans people and questioning. We propose here a state of knowledge of these realities, put in perspectives of the axes of ethical reflections inherent to guidance. In fine, it appears that the major ethical stake concerns the child to be born. Finally, it is necessary to consider the quality of life of the future parents and the impact of their medical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mendes
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP. Sorbonne université, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France - Plateforme Trajectoires jeunes trans d'Île-de-France, enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes - Équipe d'accueil CLIPSYD (clinique psychanalyse développement) EA 4430, Connaissance, langage, modélisation (ED 139), université Paris Ouest-Nanterre-La Défense, 92000 Nanterre, France - Service d'histologieembryologie, cytogénétique, biologie de la reproduction/CECOS (centre d'étude et de conservation du sperme), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, site Jean Verdier, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
| | - Laure Woestlandt
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP. Sorbonne université, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France - Plateforme Trajectoires jeunes trans d'Île-de-France, enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes
| | - Clément Moreau
- Plateforme Trajectoires jeunes trans d'Île-de-France, enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes - Association Espace santé trans, 88 rue Philippe de Girard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Florence Eustache
- Plateforme Trajectoires jeunes trans d'Île-de-France, enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes - Service d'histologieembryologie, cytogénétique, biologie de la reproduction/CECOS (centre d'étude et de conservation du sperme), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, site Jean Verdier, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Condat
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP. Sorbonne université, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France - Plateforme Trajectoires jeunes trans d'Île-de-France, enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes
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Grateau S, Dupont C, Rivet-Danon D, Béranger A, Johnson N, Mathieu d'Argent E, Chabbert-Buffet N, Sermondade N. [Fertility preservation for transmen]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2022; 50:797-804. [PMID: 36183988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of medical techniques as well as legislative changes currently allow to propose fertility preservation strategies in the context of transidentity. During "female to male" transition, androgen therapy has an impact on gonadal function since it usually induces a blockage of ovulation with amenorrhea. Although this effect is reversible when treatment is stopped, the possible long-term effects of testosterone treatment on future fertility or health of future children are poorly known. In addition, transitional surgeries definitely compromise fecundity when they include bilateral ovariectomy and/or hysterectomy. Yet, although long ignored or poorly expressed, the desire for parenthood is a reality in transgender men. Fertility preservation options in FtM transition rely on oocyte or ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature regarding fertility preservation in transgender men. Although series remain limited, the increase in the number of recently published articles reflects the interest in improving the management of fertility issues in transgender men.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grateau
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - C Dupont
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - D Rivet-Danon
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Béranger
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - N Johnson
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique-médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - E Mathieu d'Argent
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique-médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - N Chabbert-Buffet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique-médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - N Sermondade
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
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Puy V, Magnan F, Lousqui J, Boumerdassi Y, Bennani Smires B, Mendes N, Eustache F. Préservation de la fertilité chez les personnes transgenres. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:926-933. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
La majorité des personnes transgenres envisage de fonder une famille, mais leur fertilité peut être altérée par l’affirmation du genre. L’hormonothérapie peut affecter durablement la production de gamètes, notamment chez les femmes trans. La chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle entraîne une stérilité définitive. En France, des réseaux de professionnels de santé se sont organisés. Ils recommandent l’accès à la préservation de la fertilité dans le cadre de la transidentité. Cependant, le recueil de gamètes reste souvent difficile en raison de l’incongruence hormonale pour les femmes trans, ou du caractère invasif de la procédure pour les hommes trans. De futures études permettront de statuer sur l’utilisation des gamètes autoconservés.
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7
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Brouillet S, Ducrocq B, Mestres S, Guillemain C, Ravel C, Reignier A. [Fertility preservation and access to medically assisted reproduction for Trans people: Guidelines from French Professional Association for Transgender Health]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2022; 50:682-688. [PMID: 35750197 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many health care professionals are dealing with the issue of transgender people in their medical practice. In the field of reproduction, Trans people can benefit from fertility preservation before the introduction of hormonal treatment or surgery altering their fertility. This article, which is the result of a collaborative work of several reproductive professionals involved in the health of Trans people, provides an overview of the possibilities of fertility preservation and medically assisted reproduction techniques in France for Trans people.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brouillet
- Inserm 1203 DEFE, département de biologie de la reproduction, CHU de Montpellier, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Ducrocq
- CECOS, CHU de Lille, institut de biologie de la reproduction, Lille, France
| | - S Mestres
- Assistance médicale à la procréation, CECOS, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CHU d'Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Guillemain
- Pôle femmes-parents-enfants, centre clinicobiologique d'assistance médicale à la procréation - CECOS, APHM, hôpital La Conception, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - C Ravel
- Inserm, service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, EHESP, CHU de Rennes, université Rennes, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Reignier
- Inserm, biologie et médecine de la reproduction et gynécologie médicale, centre de recherche en transplantation et immunologie, UMR 1064, CHU de Nantes, Nantes université, Nantes, France.
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8
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Irwig MS. The growing and interdisciplinary field of transgender health. Andrology 2021; 9:1677-1678. [PMID: 34817933 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Irwig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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