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Khalilipalandi S, Lemieux A, Lauzon-Schnitka J, Perreault L, Dubois M, Tousignant A, Watelle L, Pratte G, Dallaire F. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prenatal Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease: Maternal Chronic Diseases and Parental Exposures. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00524-5. [PMID: 38996968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable heterogeneity in studies on prenatal risk factors for congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We performed a meta-analysis of all nongenetic factors of CHDs. This report presents results of factors related to maternal chronic diseases and parental exposures. METHODS A systematic search encompassing concepts of CHD and risk factors was used, using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original peer-reviewed articles, (2) quantifying the effects of risk factors for CHDs, (3) between 1989 and 2022. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect model. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met for 170 studies. There was an association between being overweight or obese and CHDs (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.37), with a dose-effect relationship. Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) was associated with CHDs (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.86-4.3), without difference between type 1 and type 2 PGDM. The effect size of gestational diabetes was less than that of PGDM (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-1.61). There was an association between CHDs and pre-eclampsia (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.32-3.05), paternal smoking (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.70), and alcohol use (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08-2.08). A smaller association was found with maternal smoking and advanced maternal age. CONCLUSIONS There exists robust evidence for increased risk of CHD in the presence of obesity, maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, and increased maternal age. The effect sizes were relatively modest, except for PGDM. The robustness of the evidence decreased when CHDs were divided into subgroups or when the analyses were restricted to severe CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khalilipalandi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Alyssia Lemieux
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lauzon-Schnitka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Laurence Perreault
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Mélodie Dubois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Angélique Tousignant
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Laurence Watelle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pratte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dallaire
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebéc, Canada.
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Zhu W, Li Q, Peng M, Yang C, Chen X, Feng P, Liu Q, Zhang B, Zeng D, Zhao Y. Biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic analyses of the low-temperature stress response and cold tolerance mechanisms in Litopenaeus vannamei. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15242. [PMID: 38956131 PMCID: PMC11219869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cold tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei is important for breeding in specific areas. To explore the cold tolerance mechanism of L. vannamei, this study analyzed biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic responses in cold-tolerant (Lv-T) and common (Lv-C) L. vannamei under low-temperature stress (18 °C and 10 °C). TUNEL analysis showed a significant increase in apoptosis of hepatopancreatic duct cells in L. vannamei under low-temperature stress. Biochemical analysis showed that Lv-T had significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and triglycerides (TG), while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-L), and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly decreased compared to Lv-C (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis displayed significant increases in metabolites such as LysoPC (P-16:0), 11beta-Hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid, and Pirbuterol, while metabolites such as 4-Hydroxystachydrine, Oxolan-3-one, and 3-Methyldioxyindole were significantly decreased in Lv-T compared to Lv-C. The differentially regulated metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as Protein digestion and absorption, Central carbon metabolism in cancer and ABC transporters. Our study indicate that low temperature induces damage to the hepatopancreatic duct of shrimp, thereby affecting its metabolic function. The cold resistance mechanism of Lv-T L. vannamei may be due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiangyong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Zhang DW, Zhu YB, Zhou SJ, Chen XH, Li HB, Liu WJ, Wu ZQ, Chen Q, Cao H. Maternal cardiovascular health in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:325. [PMID: 38671408 PMCID: PMC11047036 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the predominant birth defect. This study aimed to explore the association between maternal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the CHD risk in offspring. METHODS We used the prospective data from the Fujian Birth Cohort Study, collected from March 2019 to December 2022 on pregnant women within 14 weeks of gestation. Overall maternal CVH was assessed by seven CVH metrics (including physical activity, smoking, sleep duration, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose), with each metric classified as ideal, intermediate or poor with specific points. Participants were further allocated into high, moderate and low CVH categories based on the cumulative CVH score. The association with offspring CHD was determined with log-binominal regression models. RESULTS A total of 19810 participants aged 29.7 (SD: 3.9) years were included, with 7846 (39.6%) classified as having high CVH, 10949 (55.3%) as having moderate CVH, and 1015 (5.1%) as having low CVH. The average offspring CHD rate was 2.52%, with rates of 2.35%, 2.52% and 3.84% across the high, moderate and low CVH categories, respectively (P = 0.02). Adjusted relative risks (RRs) of having offspring CHD were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.90, P = 0.001) for high CVH and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.48-0.93, P = 0.02) for moderate CVH compared to low CVH. For individual metrics, only ideal total cholesterol was significantly associated with lower offspring CHD (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women of high or moderate CVH categories in early pregnancy had reduced risks of CHD in offspring, compared to those of low CVH. It is important to monitor and improve CVH during pre-pregnancy counseling and early prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.966 Hengyu Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jia Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.966 Hengyu Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.966 Hengyu Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Qin Wu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.966 Hengyu Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.966 Hengyu Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao M, Zhang D, Wang X, Li H, Sun B, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Cao H. Association between lipid profile in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3655. [PMID: 38351050 PMCID: PMC10864369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of lipid profile in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. This study was a prospective cohort design based on the Fujian Birth Cohort Study in China. We recruited pregnant women at ≤ 14 weeks of gestation between 2019 and 2022, and all participants in this study filled out the questionnaire about periconceptional exposure. Simultaneously, we collected participants' fasting blood samples to measure their lipid profile by automatic biochemical analyzer. The outcome was defined as offspring with CHD. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) risk estimates, which indicate the associations between maternal lipid profiles and CHD in offspring. Restricted cubic splines were used to estimate their nonlinear relationship. A total of 21,425 pregnant women with an average gestational age of 11.3 (± 1.40) weeks were included in the analysis. The higher triglyceride (AOR 1.201, 95% CI [1.036, 1.394]), low-density lipoprotein (AOR 1.216, 95% CI [1.048, 1.410]), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (AOR 2.107, 95% CI [1.179, 3.763]) levels were correlated with increased odds of CHD in offspring, while high-density lipoprotein (OR 0.672, 95% CI [0.490, 0.920]) related with decreased odds of CHD in offspring. The restricted cubic spline suggested a nonlinear relationship between total cholesterol (TC) levels and the risk of CHD in offspring (P = 0.0048), but no significant nonlinear relationships were found in other lipid profile. Apolipoprotein A was not related to the risk of CHD in offspring as either a continuous variable or a hierarchical variable. Elevated lipid profile in early pregnancy levels are associated with an increased risk of CHD in offspring. Additionally, there is a non-linear relationship between TC levels and the risk of CHD in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Danwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate (Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Zhengqin Wu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
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Smith CJ, Payne VM. Epidemiology studies on effects of lithium salts in pregnancy are confounded by the inability to control for other potentially teratogenic factors. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241236346. [PMID: 38394684 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241236346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In bipolar women who took lithium during pregnancy, several epidemiology studies have reported small increases in a rare fetal cardiac defect termed Ebstein's anomaly. METHODS Behavioral, environmental, and lifestyle-associated risk factors associated with bipolar disorder and health insurance status were determined from an Internet search. The search was conducted from October 1, 2023, through October 14, 2023. The search terms employed included the following: bipolar, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, pregnancy, congenital heart defects, Ebstein's anomaly, diabetes, hypertension, Medicaid, Medicaid patients, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, narcotics, nutrition, diet, obesity, body mass index, environment, environmental exposures, poverty, socioeconomic status, divorce, unemployment, and income. No quotes, special fields, truncations, etc., were used in the searches. No filters of any kind were used in the searches. RESULTS Women who remain on lithium in the United States throughout their pregnancy are likely to be experiencing mania symptoms and/or suicidal ideation refractory to other drugs. Pregnant women administered the highest doses of lithium salts would be expected to have been insufficiently responsive to lower doses. Any small increases in the retrospectively determined risk of fetal cardiac anomalies in bipolar women taking lithium salts cannot be disentangled from potential developmental effects resulting from very high rates of cigarette smoking, poor diet, alcohol abuse, ingestion of illegal drugs like cocaine or opioids, marijuana smoking, obesity, and poverty. CONCLUSIONS The small risks in fetal cardiac abnormalities reported in the epidemiology literature do not establish a causal association for lithium salts and Ebstein's anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Department of Alzheimer's Section, Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Victoria M Payne
- Psychiatric Associates of North Carolina Professional Association, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Huida J, Ojala T, Ilvesvuo J, Surcel HM, Priest JR, Helle E. Maternal first trimester metabolic profile in pregnancies with transposition of the great arteries. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:517-524. [PMID: 36546574 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal body mass index (BMI) and abnormal glucose metabolism during early pregnancy are associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. METHODS We evaluated the association between maternal first trimester metabolic profile and transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in the offspring in a matched case-control study with 100 TGA mothers and 200 controls born in Finland during 2004-2014. Cases and controls were matched by birth year, child sex, and maternal age and BMI. Serum samples collected between 10- and 14-weeks of gestation were analyzed for 73 metabolic measures. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the risk for TGA in the offspring, and a subgroup analysis among mothers with high BMI was conducted. RESULTS Higher concentrations of four subtypes of extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and one of large VLDL particles were observed in TGA mothers. This finding did not reach statistical significance after multiple testing correction. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of the all metabolic variables was slightly higher in TGA mothers in the subgroup with maternal BMI over 25 (OR 1.25) and significantly higher in the subgroup with maternal BMI over 30 (OR 1.95) compared to the original population (OR 1.18). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an abnormal maternal early pregnancy metabolic profile might be associated with TGA in the offspring, especially in obese mothers. A trend indicating altered VLDL subtype composition in TGA pregnancies warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huida
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ojala
- Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ilvesvuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - James R Priest
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emmi Helle
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Taylor K, McBride N, Zhao J, Oddie S, Azad R, Wright J, Andreassen OA, Stewart ID, Langenberg C, Magnus MC, Borges MC, Caputo M, Lawlor DA. The Relationship of Maternal Gestational Mass Spectrometry-Derived Metabolites with Offspring Congenital Heart Disease: Results from Multivariable and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:237. [PMID: 36005401 PMCID: PMC9410051 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9080237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is plausible that maternal pregnancy metabolism influences the risk of offspring congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to explore this through a systematic approach using different methods and data. Methods: We undertook multivariable logistic regression of the odds of CHD for 923 mass spectrometry (MS)-derived metabolites in a sub-sample of a UK birth cohort (Born in Bradford (BiB); N = 2605, 46 CHD cases). We considered metabolites reaching a p-value threshold <0.05 to be suggestively associated with CHD. We sought validation of our findings, by repeating the multivariable regression analysis within the BiB cohort for any suggestively associated metabolite that was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or clinical chemistry (N = 7296, 87 CHD cases), and by using genetic risk scores (GRS: weighted genetic risk scores of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with any suggestive metabolite) in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. The MR analyses were performed in BiB and two additional European birth cohorts (N = 38,662, 319 CHD cases). Results: In the main multivariable analyses, we identified 44 metabolites suggestively associated with CHD, including those from the following super pathways: amino acids, lipids, co-factors and vitamins, xenobiotics, nucleotides, energy, and several unknown molecules. Of these 44, isoleucine and leucine were available in the larger BiB cohort (NMR), and for these the results were validated. The MR analyses were possible for 27/44 metabolites and for 11 there was consistency with the multivariable regression results. Conclusions: In summary, we have used complimentary data sources and statistical techniques to construct layers of evidence. We found that pregnancy amino acid metabolism, androgenic steroid lipids, and levels of succinylcarnitine could be important contributing factors for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Taylor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nancy McBride
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jian Zhao
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sam Oddie
- The Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Rafaq Azad
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK; (R.A.); (J.W.)
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK; (R.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway;
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Isobel D. Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK; (I.D.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK; (I.D.S.); (C.L.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Christine Magnus
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
- Translational Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; (N.M.); (J.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.B.); (D.A.L.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
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