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Ye S, Huang X, Fan D, Chen G, Li P, Rao J, Zhou Z, Guo X, Liu Z, Lin D. Association between interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes among subsequent twin pregnancies: a nationwide population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101439. [PMID: 39079615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing evidence on the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and pregnancy outcomes primarily focuses on singleton pregnancies, with limited research on twin pregnancies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between IPI and adverse perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN This population-based, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics in the United States between 2016 and 2020. We included multiparous women aged 18 to 45 years with live-born twins without congenital anomalies, born between 26 and 42 weeks of gestation. Poisson regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the associations between IPI and adverse outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB) <36 weeks, small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal composite morbidity, and infant death. Missing data on covariates were managed using multiple imputations. Dose-response analyses were performed using the restricted cubic splines (RCS) approach. Subgroup analyses were stratified by maternal age, parity, and combination of neonatal sex. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using complete data and excluding pregnancies with intervening events during the IPI. RESULTS A total of 143,014 twin pregnancies were included in the analysis. Compared to the referent group (IPI of 18-23 months), an IPI of less than 6 months was associated with an increased risk of PTB<36 weeks (RR, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.17-1.25), SGA (RR, 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), neonatal composite morbidity (RR, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12-1.27), NICU admission (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14-1.22), and infant death (RR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05-1.60). An IPI of 5 years or more was associated with an increased risk of PTB<36 weeks (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15-1.21), SGA (RR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18-1.30), neonatal composite morbidity (RR, 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15), and NICU admission (RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.11-1.17). The dose-response analyses showed that these outcomes had U-shaped or J-shaped associations with IPI. The associations between IPI and the outcomes slightly differed by advanced maternal age, parity, and combination of neonatal sex. The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results to the main findings. CONCLUSION Extreme IPI, less than 6 months or more than 5 years, was associated with adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies. IPI could be used as a predictor for risk stratification in high-risk twin pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxin Ye
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Xuqiong Huang
- Medical Administration Division, People's Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Huang)
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Jiaming Rao
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Zixing Zhou
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin)
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Liu, Lin); Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China (Ye, Fan, Chen, Li, Rao, Zhou, Guo, Liu, Lin).
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Maslin K, Ameye L, Vancoppenolle D, Rochtus A, Van Uytsel H, Shawe J, Devlieger R, Bogaerts A. Interpregnancy maternal weight change is not associated with offspring weight and obesity at age 2 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01554-y. [PMID: 38872055 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight retention between pregnancies is associated with increased risk of perinatal complications, but it is unclear whether there is an association with offspring weight status. This study aimed to determine whether maternal interpregnancy weight change is associated with offspring overweight/obesity, controlling for confounding variables. SUBJECTS/METHODS Routinely collected linked data from perinatal and child datasets, in Flanders, Belgium were used. Women having their first and second live births between 2009-2018 were included. The association between maternal interpregnancy weight change and overweight/obesity in the second child at 2 years was examined by logistical regression models. RESULTS A total of 33,172 women were included. 52.7% (n = 17478) had a stable interpregnancy BMI, 24.1% (n = 8024) and 8.5% (n = 2821) had moderate and substantial BMI increases respectively. At 2 years, 91.6% (n = 30383) of the second offspring had a healthy weight, 0.6% (n = 210), 7.0% (n = 2312) and 0.8% (n = 267) were in the underweight, overweight and obesity BMI categories respectively. Multivariate analysis showed no statistical evidence that maternal interpregnancy BMI change is independently associated with overweight/obesity in the second child. The strongest independent factors were the first child (sibling) being in the obesity category at 2 years (odds ratio [OR] 7.2, [95% CI, 5.49-9.45] and being born Large for Gestational Age (LGA) (2.13 [1.92-2.37]). The following variables were also independently associated with the outcome measure: maternal African origin (1.90 [1.59-2.26]), maternal obesity at start of first pregnancy (1.33 [1.16-1.53]), excessive gestational weight gain in the second pregnancy (1.15 [1.04-1.28]), being born after a < 1-year interpregnancy time interval (1.17 [1.05-1.30]) and not being exclusively breastfed at 12 weeks old (1.29 [1.10-1.52]). CONCLUSION Sibling obesity and being born LGA were most strongly independently associated with overweight/obesity at 2 years. This supports the need for family interventions and to address risk factors for development of LGA infants. There was no independent association with interpregnancy weight gain, contrary to what was hypothesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Maslin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Rochtus
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Van Uytsel
- REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jill Shawe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - Roland Devlieger
- REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
- REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- L-C&Y KU Leuven Child & Youth Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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