1
|
Ding H, Hou X, Gao Z, Guo Y, Liao B, Wan J. Challenges and Strategies for Endothelializing Decellularized Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vessel Grafts. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304432. [PMID: 38462702 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the leading cause of ischemic necrosis in tissues and organs, necessitating using vascular grafts to restore blood supply. Currently, small vessels for coronary artery bypass grafts are unavailable in clinical settings. Decellularized small-diameter tissue-engineered vessel grafts (SD-TEVGs) hold significant potential. However, they face challenges, as simple implantation of decellularized SD-TEVGs in animals leads to thrombosis and calcification due to incomplete endothelialization. Consequently, research and development focus has shifted toward enhancing the endothelialization process of decellularized SD-TEVGs. This paper reviews preclinical studies involving decellularized SD-TEVGs, highlighting different strategies and their advantages and disadvantages for achieving rapid endothelialization of these vascular grafts. Methods are analyzed to improve the process while addressing potential shortcomings. This paper aims to contribute to the future commercial viability of decellularized SD-TEVGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song M, Yi L, Tang Z, Xie X, Liu Y, Qi X, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Chen C, Wu Q, Wu Z. Preliminary study of improving immune tolerance in vivo of bioprosthetic heart valves through a novel antigenic removal method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1141247. [PMID: 37051276 PMCID: PMC10083275 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1141247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The durability of bioprosthetic heart valves is always compromised by the inherent antigenicity of biomaterials. Decellularization has been a promising approach to reducing the immunogenicity of biological valves. However, current methods are insufficient in eliminating all immunogenicity from the biomaterials, necessitating the exploration of novel techniques. In this study, we investigated using a novel detergent, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES), to remove antigens from bovine pericardium. Our results demonstrated that AES treatment achieved a higher pericardial antigen removal rate than traditional detergent treatments while preserving the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the biomaterials. Moreover, we observed excellent immune tolerance in the in vivo rat model. Overall, our findings suggest that AES treatment is a promising method for preparing biological valves with ideal clinical application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenjie Tang
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiaoKe Qi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - ZeGuo Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - QiYing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - ZhongShi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: ZhongShi Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stapled Porcine Pericardium Displays Lower Infectivity In Vitro Than Native and Sutured Porcine Pericardium. J Surg Res 2021; 272:132-138. [PMID: 34973547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological xenografts using tubulized porcine pericardium are an alternative to replace infected prosthetic graft. We recently reported an innovative technique using a stapled porcine pericardial bioconduit for immediate vascular reconstruction in emergency. The objective of this study is to compare the growth and adherence to grafts of bacteria and yeast incubated with stapled porcine pericardium, sutured or naked pericardium. MATERIAL AND METHODS One square centimeter of porcine pericardial patches, with or without staples or sutures, was incubated with 105 colony forming units of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans for 1, 6, and 24 h. The medium was collected to quantify planktonic microorganisms, while grafts were sonicated to quantify adherent microorganisms. Dacron and Dacron Silver were analyzed in parallel as synthetic reference prostheses. RESULTS Stapled porcine pericardium reduced the growth and the adherence of E coli (2- to 30-fold; P < 0.0005), S aureus (11- to 1000-fold; P < 0.0006), S epidermidis (>500-fold; P < 0.0001), and C albicans (12- to 50-fold; P < 0.0001) when compared to medium alone (growth) and pericardium or Dacron (adherence). Native and sutured porcine pericardium interfered with the growth and the adherence of E coli and C albicans, and Dacron with that of S epidermidis. As expected, Dacron Silver was robustly bactericidal. CONCLUSIONS Stapled porcine pericardium exhibited a lower susceptibility to infection by bacteria and yeasts in vitro when compared to the native and sutured porcine pericardium. Stapled porcine pericardium might be a good option for rapid vascular grafting without increasing infectivity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Song M, Tang Z, Liu Y, Xie X, Qi X, Wu Q, Jiang Z, Wu Z, Qian T. Yak Pericardium as an Alternative Biomaterial for Transcatheter Heart Valves. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:766991. [PMID: 34820366 PMCID: PMC8607193 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.766991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has received much attention and development in the past decade due to its lower risk of complication and infections compared to a traditional open thoracotomy. However, the current commercial transcatheter heart valve does not fully meet clinical needs; therefore, new biological materials must be found in order to meet these requirements. We have discovered a new type of biological material, the yak pericardium. This current research studied its extracellular matrix structure, composition, mechanical properties, and amino acid content. Folding experiment was carried out to analyze the structure and mechanics after folding. We also conducted a subcutaneous embedding experiment to analyze the inflammatory response and calcification after implantation. Australian bovine pericardium, local bovine pericardium, and porcine pericardium were used as controls. The overall structure of the yak pericardium is flat, the collagen runs regularly, it has superior mechanical properties, and the average thickness is significantly lower than that of the Australian bovine and the local bovine pericardium control groups. The yak pericardium has a higher content of elastic fibers, showing that it has a better compression resistance effect during the folding experiment as well as having less expression of transplantation-related antigens. We conducted in vivo experiments and found that the yak pericardium has less inflammation and a lower degree of calcification. In summary, the yak pericardium, which is thin and strong, has lower immunogenicity and outstanding anti-calcification effects may be an excellent candidate valve leaflet material for TAVI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoke Qi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tao C, Zhu W, Iqbal J, Xu C, Wang DA. Stabilized albumin coatings on engineered xenografts for attenuation of acute immune and inflammatory responses. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6080-6091. [PMID: 32555888 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic grafts are promising candidates for transplantation therapy due to their easily accessible sources. Nevertheless, the immune and inflammatory responses induced by xenografts need to be addressed for clinical use. A novel and facile method was introduced for the attenuation of immune and inflammatory responses by extending the immune evasion potential of albumin to the tissue engineering field and coating albumin, which could passivate biomaterial surfaces, onto xenografts. Albumin was first modified by dopamine to enhance its adhesion on graft surfaces. Porcine chondrocytes derived living hyaline cartilage graft (LhCG) and decellularized LhCG (dLhCG) were applied as xenograft models implanted in the omentum of rats. Both LhCG which contained porcine chondrocytes as well as secreted ECM and dLhCG which was mainly composed of the porcine source ECM showed alleviated immune and inflammatory responses after being coated with albumin at cell, protein and gene levels, respectively. Significantly less inflammatory cells including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes were recruited according to pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry staining with lower gene expression encoding inflammation-related cytokines including MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β after employing LhCG and dLhCG with albumin passivation coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Diagnostics Tower, Level 10, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore and City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Li Z, Yu T, Wang W, Tao M, Wang S, Ma Y, Fan J, Tian X, Wang X, Javed R, Ao Q. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility study on acellular sheep periosteum for guided bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Gopinathan J, Pillai MM, Shanthakumari S, Gnanapoongothai S, Dinakar Rai BK, Santosh Sahanand K, Selvakumar R, Bhattacharyya A. Carbon nanofiber amalgamated 3D poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold functionalized porous-nanoarchitectures for human meniscal tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2247-2258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Dalgliesh AJ, Parvizi M, Lopera-Higuita M, Shklover J, Griffiths LG. Graft-specific immune tolerance is determined by residual antigenicity of xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:253-264. [PMID: 30130615 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antigenicity remains the primary barrier towards expanding the use of unfixed xenogeneic biomaterials in clinical applications. An unfixed xenogeneic biomaterial devoid of antigenicity, with maintained structural and mechanical integrity, has potential to overcome the limitations of current clinically utilized glutaraldehyde-fixed xenogeneic biomaterials, such as heart valve bioprostheses. Unfortunately, the threshold level of residual antigenicity necessary to overcome graft-specific immune responses in unfixed xenogeneic tissue has yet to be determined. Furthermore, little information is known regarding the extent to which in vitro disruption of native ECM properties, resulting from decellularization or antigen removal procedures, are tolerated following in vivo implantation. This manuscript demonstrates that humoral adaptive immune responses are more sensitive to residual xenogeneic biomaterial antigen content than are cell-mediated adaptive responses. Critically, the threshold for tolerable residual antigenicity is identified, with removal of ≥92% of lipophilic antigens required to reduce adaptive immune responses to levels equivalent to glutaraldehyde fixed tissue. Finally, the results demonstrated that the innate immune system tolerates minor changes in protein organization provided that molecular structure is maintained. Antigen removed xenogeneic biomaterials achieving these in vitro success criteria induce in vivo adaptive and innate tolerance, while modulating pro-regenerative constructive remodeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Removal of antigenic components from candidate xenogeneic biomaterials is the primary success criteria for development of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. Currently, the threshold level of residual biomaterial antigenicity required to overcome recipient graft-specific adaptive immune responses is unknown. Additionally, the extent to which the innate immune response tolerates changes to the native ECM, resulting from the ECM scaffold production process, has yet to be determined. This manuscript not only establishes the threshold for tolerable residual antigenicity, but also demonstrates that deviations in protein organization are tolerated by the innate immune system, provided macromolecular structure remains intact. In doing so, we provide the foundation of an immunologically-acceptable unfixed xenogeneic biomaterial for use in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa J Dalgliesh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Manuela Lopera-Higuita
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jeny Shklover
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tissue processing techniques for fabrication of covered stents for small-diameter vascular intervention. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:248-258. [PMID: 29101018 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal-derived pericardial tissue is a widely used biomaterial typically treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) to achieve immunological acceptance and long-term durability. However, GA fixation of biological tissue is associated with long-term failure due to degeneration and calcification. In this study, we evaluated two alternative tissue processing methods for the fabrication of pericardial tissue covered stents: detergent-based decellularization (decell) and limited exposure to GA (gentle-glut). Processed pericardial tissues were extensively characterized both in-vitro and in-vivo. Small-diameter covered stents were fabricated and the ability to seal perforation was evaluated in a flow circuit under physiological blood flow conditions. Results indicate that decell-treated tissue appeared with preserved architecture, tissue strength and stability. Gentle-glut tissue appeared with preserved architecture and increased tissue stability, compared to fresh, unprocessed tissue. Reduction of bioburden was demonstrated for both types of alternative treatments, as for GA fixation. Tensile testing demonstrated that both decell- and gentle-glut treated tissues respond better to low strain, as may occur during balloon inflation and stent deployment. Upon subcutaneous implantation in mice, gentle-glut and to a greater degree decell-treated tissue, elicit better host response, with evidence of active tissue remodeling and no detectable calcification, as compared with GA-treated tissue. Small-diameter stents covered with tissues from all groups successfully sealed perforation under physiological blood flow conditions in-vitro, without compromising flow. In summary, covered stents may perform better with pericardial tissue processed according to the methods described in this study. Adopting this methodology to other types of cardiovascular implants and tissues is also suggested. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Pericardial tissue is a widely used biomaterial for cardiovascular implants, such as covered stents. The use of glutaraldehyde (GA) has become the method of choice for pericardial tissue fixation, making it immunologically acceptable in humans. However, GA-treated tissue is prone to several problems, such as degeneration and calcification that may lead to long-term failure. Here, we studied two alternative tissue processing techniques: fixative-free decellularization and limited exposure to GA. We've shown that both methods achieve better mechanical properties and promote better host acceptance, tissue remodeling and long-term durability. Since the availability of autologous tissue for transplantation is limited, these methods should be adopted for other types of cardiovascular devices, such as bioprosthetic valves, ultimately achieving better long-term results for patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel approaches toward the generation of bioscaffolds as a potential therapy in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Mukhamadiyarov RA, Rutkovskaya NV, Milto IV, Sidopova OD, Kudryavtseva YА, Barbarash LS. [Investigation of the structure of a functionally intact xenopericardial bioconduit after long-term implantation]. Arkh Patol 2017; 79:25-33. [PMID: 29027526 DOI: 10.17116/patol201779525-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM to investigate the cellular composition of a functionally intact xenopericardial valve in a recipient with acquired mitral defect after long-term implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Uniline bioconduit (BC) ('Neocor', Kemerovo) removed from the heart in the mitral position at 7.2 years after implantation was investigated. Heart valve leaflets were fixed in a buffered 4% paraformaldehyde solution and imbedded in paraffin or epoxy resin. Slices made from the paraffin samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) examination for typing endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T and B lymphocytes. The epoxy resin-embedded samples were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy according to the original procedure. For this, the samples were ground and polished, then stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin or contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. RESULTS Different cell types were found in the outer layers of heart valve leaflets. IHC showed that endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts were present in the samples. A relationship was found between the degree of degenerative changes in the BC surface and the magnitude of cellular infiltration in xenotissue. This paper debates whether impaired integrity of the surface leaflet layers plays a trigger role in structural dysfunctions of the implanted valves and whether BC endothelialization has a protective effect, which can considerably reduce the immunogenicity of xenotussie and prevent the penetration of recipient cells. CONCLUSION The paper shows that it is expedient to modify the surface of the heart valve leaflets in order to create favorable conditions for the attachment and function of endothelial progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Mukhamadiyarov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - N V Rutkovskaya
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - I V Milto
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia; Tomsk National Research Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O D Sidopova
- Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Yu А Kudryavtseva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia, Tomsk National Research Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - L S Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mendoza-Novelo B, Castellano LE, Padilla-Miranda RG, Lona-Ramos MC, Cuéllar-Mata P, Vega-González A, Murguía-Pérez M, Mata-Mata JL, Ávila EE. The component leaching from decellularized pericardial bioscaffolds and its implication in the macrophage response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2810-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birzabith Mendoza-Novelo
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Laura E. Castellano
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Ruth G. Padilla-Miranda
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
| | - María C. Lona-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Patricia Cuéllar-Mata
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
| | - Arturo Vega-González
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Mario Murguía-Pérez
- Departamento de Patología; Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío; León 37340 GTO Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunohistoquímica y Biología Molecular; Hospital Medica Campestre; León 37180 GTO Mexico
| | - José L. Mata-Mata
- Departamento de Química, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato GTO Mexico
| | - Eva E. Ávila
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lei Y, Ferdous Z. Design considerations and challenges for mechanical stretch bioreactors in tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:543-53. [PMID: 26929197 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in average life expectancy and growing aging population, lack of functional grafts for replacement surgeries has become a severe problem. Engineered tissues are a promising alternative to this problem because they can mimic the physiological function of the native tissues and be cultured on demand. Cyclic stretch is important for developing many engineered tissues such as hearts, heart valves, muscles, and bones. Thus a variety of stretch bioreactors and corresponding scaffolds have been designed and tested to study the underlying mechanism of tissue formation and to optimize the mechanical conditions applied to the engineered tissues. In this review, we look at various designs of stretch bioreactors and common scaffolds and offer insights for future improvements in tissue engineering applications. First, we summarize the requirements and common configuration of stretch bioreactors. Next, we present the features of different actuating and motion transforming systems and their applications. Since most bioreactors must measure detailed distributions of loads and deformations on engineered tissues, techniques with high accuracy, precision, and frequency have been developed. We also cover the key points in designing culture chambers, nutrition exchanging systems, and regimens used for specific tissues. Since scaffolds are essential for providing biophysical microenvironments for residing cells, we discuss materials and technologies used in fabricating scaffolds to mimic anisotropic native tissues, including decellularized tissues, hydrogels, biocompatible polymers, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting techniques. Finally, we present the potential future directions for improving stretch bioreactors and scaffolds. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:543-553, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barbarash O, Rutkovskaya N, Hryachkova O, Gruzdeva O, Uchasova E, Ponasenko A, Kondyukova N, Odarenko Y, Barbarash L. Impact of recipient-related factors on structural dysfunction of xenoaortic bioprosthetic heart valves. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:389-99. [PMID: 25834408 PMCID: PMC4358689 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s76001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of recipient-related metabolic factors on the rate of structural dysfunction caused by the calcification of xenoaortic bioprostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical status, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and nonspecific markers of inflammatory response in bioprosthetic mitral valve recipients with calcific degeneration confirmed by histological and electron microscopic studies (group 1, n=22), and in those without degeneration (group 2, n=48). RESULTS Patients with confirmed calcification of bioprostheses were more likely to have a severe clinical state (functional class IV in 36% in group 1 versus 15% in group 2, P=0.03) and a longer cardiopulmonary bypass period (112.8±18.8 minutes in group 1 versus 97.2±23.6 minutes in group 2, P=0.02) during primary surgery. Patients in group 1 demonstrated moderate hypovitaminosis D (median 34.0, interquartile range [21.0; 49.4] vs 40 [27.2; 54.0] pmol/L, P>0.05), osteoprotegerin deficiency (82.5 [44.2; 115.4] vs 113.5 [65.7; 191.3] pg/mL, P>0.05) and osteopontin deficiency (4.5 [3.3; 7.7] vs 5.2 [4.1; 7.2] ng/mL, P>0.05), and significantly reduced bone-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (17.1 [12.2; 21.4] vs 22.3 [15.5; 30.5] U/L, P=0.01) and interleukin-8 levels (9.74 [9.19; 10.09] pg/mL vs 13.17 [9.72; 23.1] pg/mL, P=0.045) compared with group 2, with an overall increase in serum levels of proinflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Possible predictors of the rate of calcific degeneration of bioprostheses include the degree of decompensated heart failure, the duration and invasiveness of surgery, and the characteristics of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in the recipient, defined by bone resorption and local and systemic inflammation. The results confirm the hypothesis that cell-mediated regulation of pathological calcification is caused by dysregulation of metabolic processes, which are in turn controlled by proinflammatory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barbarash
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Natalya Rutkovskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Oksana Hryachkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Olga Gruzdeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Evgenya Uchasova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
- Correspondence: Evgenya Uchasova, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia, Tel +7 3842 640 553, Email
| | - Anastasia Ponasenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Natalya Kondyukova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Yuri Odarenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Leonid Barbarash
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pretreatment of pericardial patches with antibiotics does not alter patch healing in vivo. J Vasc Surg 2014; 63:1063-73. [PMID: 25454213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment with antibiotics is commonly performed before surgical implantation of prosthetic materials. We previously showed that pericardial patches are infiltrated by macrophages and arterial stem cells after implantation into an artery. We hypothesized that antibiotic pretreatment would diminish the number of cells infiltrating into the patch, potentially affecting early neointimal formation. METHODS Bovine pericardial patches were pretreated with saline, bacitracin (500 U/mL), or cephalexin (10 mg/mL) for 30 minutes before implantation into the Wistar rat infrarenal aorta. Patches were retrieved on day 7 or day 30 and analyzed for histology and cell infiltration. Markers of proliferation, apoptosis, vascular cell identity, and M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes were examined using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Extracted proteins were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS At day 7, pericardial patches pretreated with bacitracin or cephalexin showed similar amounts of neointimal thickening (P = .55) and cellular infiltration (P = .42) compared with control patches. Patches pretreated with antibiotics showed similar proliferation (P = .09) and apoptosis (P = .84) as control patches. The cell composition of the neointima in pretreated patches was similar to control patches, with a thin endothelial layer overlying a thin layer of smooth muscle cells (P = .45), and containing similar numbers of CD34-positive (P = .26) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive (P = .31) cells. Interestingly, within the body of the patch, there were fewer macrophages (P = .0003) and a trend towards fewer endothelial progenitor cells (P = .051). No M1 macrophages were found in or around any of the patches. M2 macrophages were present around the patches, and there was no difference in numbers of M2 macrophages surrounding control patches and patches pretreated with antibiotics (P = .24). There was no difference in neointimal thickness at day 30 between control patches and patches pretreated with antibiotics (P = .52). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of bovine pericardial patches with the antibiotics bacitracin or cephalexin has no detrimental effect on early patch healing, with similar neointimal thickness, cellular infiltration, and numbers of M2 macrophages compared with control patches. These results suggest that the host vessel response to patch angioplasty using pericardial patches is adaptive remodeling (eg, arterial healing).
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2013 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level". Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide so meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley Periodicals, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
Collapse
|