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Gooden SCM, Hatoum H, Boudoulas KD, Vannan MA, Dasi LP. Effects of MitraClip Therapy on Mitral Flow Patterns and Vortex Formation: An In Vitro Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:680-690. [PMID: 35411431 PMCID: PMC11070279 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
MitraClip transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is used to treat mitral regurgitation (MR). While MR is reduced, diastolic left ventricular flows are altered. An in vitro left heart simulator was used to assess a porcine mitral valve in the native, MR, and MR plus MitraClip cases. Velocity, vorticity, and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) were quantified by particle image velocimetry. Peak velocity increased from 1.20 m/s for native to 1.30 m/s with MR. With MitraClip, two divergent jets of 1.18 and 0.61 m/s emerged. Higher vorticity was observed with MR than native and lessened with MitraClip. MitraClip resulted in shear layer formation and downstream vortex formation. Native RSS decreased from 33 Pa in acceleration to 29 Pa at peak flow, then increased to 31 Pa with deceleration. MR RSS increased from 27 Pa in acceleration to 40 Pa at peak flow to 59 Pa during deceleration. MitraClip RSS increased from 79 Pa in acceleration to 162 Pa during peak flow, then decreased to 45 Pa during deceleration. After MitraClip, two divergent jets of reduced velocity emerged, accompanied by shear layers and recirculation. Chaotic flow developed, resulting in elevated RSS magnitude and coverage. Findings help understand consequences of MitraClip on left ventricular flow dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Chee-Mei Gooden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Hoda Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - Mani A Vannan
- Marcus Heart Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA.
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Li H, Wang H, Zhang W, Cheng L. Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital double orifice mitral valve malformation: A case report. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2021; 49:509-511. [PMID: 33305418 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare congenital valve malformation. Due to the insufficient understanding and awareness of its echocardiographic characteristics, there is a risk of misdiagnosis. Here, we report a case of echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital DOMV malformation in a 56-year-old male patient who visited our hospital for systematic physical examination, during which DOMV was not diagnosed. The following year, the patient visited our hospital again, and echocardiography showed two approximately circular orifices on the short axis view of the mitral valve. During diastole, two red Doppler blood flow signals were observed entering the left ventricle simultaneously. A small amount of blue Doppler signal revealed reflux into the left atrium during systole, leading to the diagnose of congenital heart disease with DOMV malformation, without other cardiac structural abnormality. Because the patient did not have obvious discomfort, he did not receive any special treatment and is regularly followed-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324, Jingwuweiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan city, Jinan, Huaiyin District, 250021, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Special Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan city, Jinan, Shizhong District, 250001, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Jinan, Lixia District, 250014, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan city, Jinan, Shizhong District, 250001, China
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Aly AH, Aly AH, Lai EK, Yushkevich N, Stoffers RH, Gorman JH, Cheung AT, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Yushkevich PA, Pouch AM. In Vivo Image-Based 4D Modeling of Competent and Regurgitant Mitral Valve Dynamics. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2021; 61:159-169. [PMID: 33776070 PMCID: PMC7988343 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-020-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo characterization of mitral valve dynamics relies on image analysis algorithms that accurately reconstruct valve morphology and motion from clinical images. The goal of such algorithms is to provide patient-specific descriptions of both competent and regurgitant mitral valves, which can be used as input to biomechanical analyses and provide insights into the pathophysiology of diseases like ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). OBJECTIVE The goal is to generate accurate image-based representations of valve dynamics that visually and quantitatively capture normal and pathological valve function. METHODS We present a novel framework for 4D segmentation and geometric modeling of the mitral valve in real-time 3D echocardiography (rt-3DE), an imaging modality used for pre-operative surgical planning of mitral interventions. The framework integrates groupwise multi-atlas label fusion and template-based medial modeling with Kalman filtering to generate quantitatively descriptive and temporally consistent models of valve dynamics. RESULTS The algorithm is evaluated on rt-3DE data series from 28 patients: 14 with normal mitral valve morphology and 14 with severe IMR. In these 28 data series that total 613 individual 3DE images, each 3D mitral valve segmentation is validated against manual tracing, and temporal consistency between segmentations is demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Automated 4D image analysis allows for reliable non-invasive modeling of the mitral valve over the cardiac cycle for comparison of annular and leaflet dynamics in pathological and normal mitral valves. Future studies can apply this algorithm to cardiovascular mechanics applications, including patient-specific strain estimation, fluid dynamics simulation, inverse finite element analysis, and risk stratification for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Aly
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A H Aly
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E K Lai
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J H Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A T Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J H Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P A Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A M Pouch
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tan SG, Hon JKF, Nguyen YN, Kim S, Leo HL. An in vitro investigation into the hemodynamic effects of orifice geometry and position on left ventricular vortex formation and turbulence intensity. Artif Organs 2020; 44:e520-e531. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Guo‐Dong Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jimmy Kim Fatt Hon
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yen Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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Caballero A, Mao W, McKay R, Hahn RT, Sun W. A Comprehensive Engineering Analysis of Left Heart Dynamics After MitraClip in a Functional Mitral Regurgitation Patient. Front Physiol 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32457650 PMCID: PMC7221026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve (MV) repair using MitraClip has been recently established as a treatment option for patients with heart failure and functional mitral regurgitation (MR), which significantly expands the number of patients that can be treated with this device. This study aimed to quantify the morphologic, hemodynamic and structural changes, and evaluate the biomechanical interaction between the MitraClip and the left heart (LH) complex of a heart failure patient with functional MR using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling framework. MitraClip implantation using lateral, central and double clip positions, as well as combined annuloplasty procedures were simulated in a patient-specific LH model that integrates detailed anatomic structures, incorporates age- and gender-matched non-linear elastic material properties, and accounts for mitral chordae tethering. Our results showed that antero-posterior distance, mitral annulus spherecity index, anatomic regurgitant orifice area, and anatomic opening orifice area decreased by up to 28, 39, 52, and 71%, respectively, when compared to the pre-clip model. MitraClip implantation immediately decreased the MR severity and improved the hemodynamic profile, but imposed a non-physiologic configuration and loading on the mitral apparatus, with anterior and posterior leaflet stress significantly increasing up to 210 and 145% during diastole, respectively. For this patient case, while implanting a combined central clip and ring resulted in the highest reduction in the regurgitant volume (46%), this configuration also led to mitral stenosis. Patient-specific computer simulations as used here can be a powerful tool to examine the complex device-host biomechanical interaction, and may be useful to guide device positioning for potential favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caballero
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raymond McKay
- Division of Cardiology, The Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Malchesky PS. Artificial Organs 2018: A Year in Review. Artif Organs 2019; 43:288-317. [PMID: 30680758 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2018 are organized by category and summarized. We provide a brief reflection of the research and progress in artificial organs intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of these technologies and methods. Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level." Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. Peer-reviewed special issues this year included contributions from the 13th International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion edited by Dr. Akif Undar, and the 25th Congress of the International Society for Mechanical Circulatory Support edited by Dr. Marvin Slepian. Additionally, many editorials highlighted the worldwide survival differences in hemodialysis and perspectives on mechanical circulatory support and stem cell therapies for cardiac support. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, John Wiley & Sons for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to reporting further advances in the coming years.
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Massé DD, Shar JA, Brown KN, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ, Sucosky P. Discrete Subaortic Stenosis: Perspective Roadmap to a Complex Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:122. [PMID: 30320123 PMCID: PMC6166095 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) is a congenital heart disease that results in the formation of a fibro-membranous tissue, causing an increased pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). While surgical resection of the membrane has shown some success in eliminating the obstruction, it poses significant risks associated with anesthesia, sternotomy, and heart bypass, and it remains associated with a high rate of recurrence. Although a genetic etiology had been initially proposed, the association between DSS and left ventricle (LV) geometrical abnormalities has provided more support to a hemodynamic etiology by which congenital or post-surgical LVOT geometric derangements could generate abnormal shear forces on the septal wall, triggering in turn a fibrotic response. Validating this hypothetical etiology and understanding the mechanobiological processes by which altered shear forces induce fibrosis in the LVOT are major knowledge gaps. This perspective paper describes the current state of knowledge of DSS, articulates the research needs to yield mechanistic insights into a significant pathologic process that is poorly understood, and proposes several strategies aimed at elucidating the potential mechanobiological synergies responsible for DSS pathogenesis. The proposed roadmap has the potential to improve DSS management by identifying early targets for prevention of the fibrotic lesion, and may also prove beneficial in other fibrotic cardiovascular diseases associated with altered flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Massé
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jason A Shar
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Kathleen N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Philippe Sucosky
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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