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Chen Y, Yang B, Kou J, Liu L. Impact of wearing dual-focus soft contact lenses on myopia progression: a one-year randomized clinical trial in Chinese school-age children. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:426. [PMID: 39350093 PMCID: PMC11443923 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is prevalent in China; however, trials involving Chinese children wearing dual-focus soft contact lenses (DFSCL) are limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of DFSCL among Chinese school-age children. METHODS Sixty-four children aged 8-12 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between - 0.75D and - 4.00D were recruited in this randomized controlled clinical study. The control group (32 subjects) wore single-vision spectacles (SVS), while the DFSCL group (32 subjects) wore daily disposable + 2.00 D defocus MiSight DFSCL. Follow-up examinations were performed every 3 months to compare the axial length (AL) growth and SER change between the groups for a period of 12 months by using the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical differences with a P < 0.05, when compared to the control group, are considered indicative of an effective intervention. Multivariate analysis and regression analysis were used to eliminate the effects of confounding factors on the results. RESULTS A total of 58 subjects, with 30 in the SVS group and 28 in the DFSCL group, completed the follow-up. After adjusting for baseline age, gender, AL and SER, AL growth was 0.33 ± 0.02 mm in the SVS group and 0.23 ± 0.03 mm in the DFSCL group (P = 0.004). SER change was - 0.53 ± 0.06 in the SVS group and - 0.44 ± 0.06 in the DFSCL group (P = 0.308). In the DFSCL group, AL and SER increased 0.11 mm and 0.09 D less than in the SVS group, respectively. Moreover, initial wear of DFSCL may cause occasional blurriness in near vision, and prolonged wear may lead to increased ocular discomfort symptoms such as dryness, itchiness, and foreign body sensation. CONCLUSION MiSight DFSCL showed a reduction in AL growth during the first three months of wear. However, no significant benefits were observed during the subsequent nine months. No significant differences in the changes of SER were found. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200064731. Registered 15 October 2022, http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Kou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Lei S, Wu Y, Kou J, Chen Q, Liu L. The effect of individualized ocular refraction customized spectacle lenses on myopia control in schoolchildren: A 1-year randomised clinical trial. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:1279-1289. [PMID: 38935437 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of individualized ocular refraction customized (IORC) spectacle lenses with different actual amounts of peripheral myopic defocus (MD) on myopia control over 1 year. These lenses compensate for the original peripheral refraction via the free-form surface on the back of the lens. METHODS This 1-year, double-masked randomised clinical trial included 184 myopic schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. Participants were randomised to receive IORC lenses with high (IORC-H group, +4.50 D), medium (IORC-M group, +3.50 D) or low (IORC-L group, +2.50 D) MD or single-vision (SV) lenses. The spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and 6-monthly intervals. RESULTS After 1 year, the mean (SD) changes in SER were -0.18 (0.37), -0.36 (0.37), -0.52 (0.39) and -0.60 (0.42) D for the IORC-H, IORC-M, IORC-L and SV groups, respectively. Compared with the SV group, the effects of slowing myopia progression were 70%, 40% and 13% for the IORC-H (difference of 0.47 D, p < 0.001), IORC-M (difference of 0.32 D, p = 0.001) and IORC-L (difference of 0.15 D, p > 0.05) groups, respectively. The mean (SD) changes in AL were 0.12 (0.16), 0.23 (0.17), 0.29 (0.17) and 0.36 (0.17) mm for the IORC-H, IORC-M, IORC-L and SV groups, respectively. The axial elongation was 67%, 36% and 19% lower in the IORC-H (difference of 0.25 mm, p < 0.001), IORC-M (difference of 0.15 mm, p < 0.001) and IORC-L (difference of 0.10 mm, p = 0.04) groups, respectively, compared with the SV group. The IORC-H group exhibited significantly less axial elongation than the IORC-M and IORC-L groups (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Compared with the IORC-M and IORC-L lenses, the IORC-H lens was found to have superior efficacy in inhibiting myopic progression and slowing eye growth in schoolchildren, with better myopia control efficacy in younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Kou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Center of Biostatistics, Design, Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Optometry and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Su B, Cho P, Vincent SJ, Zheng J, Chen J, Ye C, Wang T, Zhang J, Zhang K, Lu F, Jiang J. Novel Lenslet-ARray-Integrated Spectacle Lenses for Myopia Control: A 1-Year Randomized, Double-Masked, Controlled Trial. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00413-5. [PMID: 38972357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the myopia control efficacy of novel Lenslet-ARray-Integrated (LARI) spectacle lenses with positive power lenslets (PLARI) and negative power lenslets (NLARI) worn for 1 year in myopic children. DESIGN Randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS A total of 240 children 6 to 12 years of age with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between -4.00 and -1.00 diopters (D), astigmatism of ≤ 1.50 D, and anisometropia of ≤ 1.00 D. METHODS Participants were assigned randomly in a 1:1:1 ratio to PLARI, NLARI, and control (single-vision [SV]) groups. Cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length were measured at baseline and 6-month intervals after lens wear. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in SER, axial elongation (AE), and differences between groups. RESULTS After 1 year, SER changes and AE in the PLARI and NLARI groups were significantly less than those in the SV group (SER: -0.30 ± 0.48 D, -0.21 ± 0.35 D, and -0.66 ± 0.40 D, respectively; AE: 0.19 ± 0.20 mm, 0.17 ± 0.14 mm, 0.34 ± 0.18 mm, respectively; all P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in SER changes and AE between PLARI and NLARI groups (P = 0.54 and P = 1.00, respectively). Younger age was associated with more rapid SER increase and larger AE in the SV group (r = 0.40 [P < 0.001] and r = -0.59 [P < 0.001], respectively) and PLARI group (r = 0.46 [P < 0.001] and r = -0.52 [P < 0.001], respectively), but not in the NLARI group (r = -0.002 [P = 0.98] and r = -0.08 [P = 0.48], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the SV group, both PLARI and NARI groups showed significantly slower myopia progression in terms of SER and AE. Faster myopia progression, in terms of both SER and AE, was associated with younger age in the SV and PLARI groups but not the NLARI group. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Su
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pauline Cho
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaojie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kou Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Lanca C, Pan CW, Grzybowski A. Anti-myopia Spectacles: The Standard of Care in the Future? Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 263:xi-xiii. [PMID: 38423201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lanca
- From the Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (C.L.), Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (C.L.), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University (C.-W.P.), Suzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development (A.G.), Poznan, Poland..
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Eppenberger LS, Grzybowski A, Schmetterer L, Ang M. Myopia Control: Are We Ready for an Evidence Based Approach? Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1453-1477. [PMID: 38710983 PMCID: PMC11109072 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myopia and its vision-threatening complications present a significant public health problem. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the multitude of known and emerging interventions to control myopia, including their potential effect, safety, and costs. METHODS A systematic literature search of three databases was conducted. Interventions were grouped into four categories: environmental/behavioral (outdoor time, near work), pharmacological (e.g., atropine), optical interventions (spectacles and contact lenses), and novel approaches such as red-light (RLRL) therapies. Review articles and original articles on randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected. RESULTS From the initial 3224 retrieved records, 18 reviews and 41 original articles reporting results from RCTs were included. While there is more evidence supporting the efficacy of low-dose atropine and certain myopia-controlling contact lenses in slowing myopia progression, the evidence about the efficacy of the newer interventions, such as spectacle lenses (e.g., defocus incorporated multiple segments and highly aspheric lenslets) is more limited. Behavioral interventions, i.e., increased outdoor time, seem effective for preventing the onset of myopia if implemented successfully in schools and homes. While environmental interventions and spectacles are regarded as generally safe, pharmacological interventions, contact lenses, and RLRL may be associated with adverse effects. All interventions, except for behavioral change, are tied to moderate to high expenditures. CONCLUSION Our review suggests that myopia control interventions are recommended and prescribed on the basis of accessibility and clinical practice patterns, which vary widely around the world. Clinical trials indicate short- to medium-term efficacy in reducing myopia progression for various interventions, but none have demonstrated long-term effectiveness in preventing high myopia and potential complications in adulthood. There is an unmet need for a unified consensus for strategies that balance risk and effectiveness for these methods for personalized myopia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sara Eppenberger
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Atchison DA, Charman WN. Optics of spectacle lenses intended to treat myopia progression. Optom Vis Sci 2024; 101:238-249. [PMID: 38857035 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This is a review of the optics of various spectacle lenses that have been used in myopia control over the last 60 years, with emphasis on approximately the last 15 years.Myopia has become an increasing health problem worldwide, particularly in some East Asian countries. This has led to many attempts to slow its progression in children and reduce its endpoint value. This review is concerned with the optics of spectacle lenses for use in myopia control, from bifocal lenses to multisegment and diffusion optics lenses. Treatments are based on theories of the onset or progression of myopia. These include the hypotheses that eye growth and myopia in susceptible children may be stimulated by (1) poor accommodation response and the consequent hyperopic defocus with near vision tasks, (2) relative hyperopic peripheral refraction, and (3) high retinal image contrast as occurs in urban environments. Using spectacle lenses to slow myopia progression has a history of about 60 years. The review is laid out in approximately the order in which different types of lenses have been introduced: bifocals, conventional progressive addition lenses, undercorrection with single-vision lenses, specialized progressive addition lenses, defocus-incorporated multiple segments, diffusion optics, and concentric bifocals. In the review, some of the lenses are combined with an eye model to determine refractive errors for peripheral vision for the stationary eye and for foveal vision for the rotating eye. Numbers are provided for the reported success of particular designs in retarding myopia progression, but this is not an epidemiological paper, and there is no critical review of the findings. Some of the recent treatments, such as multiple segments, appear to reduce the eye growth and myopia progression by better than 50% over periods of up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Neil Charman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Fedtke C, Tilia D, Ehrmann K, Diec J, Lahav-Yacouel K, Falk D, Bakaraju RC. Visual performance of optical films utilizing Spatio-Temporal Optical Phase technology. Optom Vis Sci 2024; 101:195-203. [PMID: 38684062 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Spatio-Temporal Optical Phase technology utilizes film pairs containing optical elements applied to standard single-vision spectacle lenses. This technology provides a dynamic optical cue that may have efficacy in reducing the rate of myopia progression, but the visual performance of this technology is unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the visual performance of film pairs containing optical elements (tests) and a film pair with no optical elements (control). METHODS In this randomized, single-masked, bilateral wear study, 42 participants aged 18 to 40 years wore four test designs (E, F-1, G, and F-2) and the control. Subjective data (subjective ratings [1 to 10 scale]: clarity of vision [far-away, intermediate, near] and vision [at night, while walking, overall satisfaction], and willingness to purchase [yes/no response]) were collected after 3 days. Visual acuity (VA)-based measures (monocular high/low-contrast VA [6 m], contrast sensitivity [6 m], and binocular high-contrast VA [6 m and 40 cm]) were collected at dispensing. Visual acuity-based measures were also collected while wearing spectacles with no film. Analyses were performed using linear mixed models and the χ2 test. Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS The control performed better than any test for all subjective ratings (mean differences, 1.6 to 3.1 units: p<0.001), willingness to purchase (p<0.001), and designs F-1 and F-2 for binocular high-contrast VA at 40 cm (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Clarity of vision was significantly worse with F-2 compared with F-1 and G (p<0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). There were no differences between tests for any other subjective rating (p>0.1), willingness to purchase (p=0.11), or any VA-based measure (p>0.08). There were no differences between control and spectacles with no film for any VA-based measure (p>0.08). CONCLUSIONS All four test film pairs reduced visual performance compared with control to a degree comparable with other myopia management devices. There was no difference in visual performance between three of the four test film pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennie Diec
- nthalmic Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lupon M, Nolla C, Cardona G. New Designs of Spectacle Lenses for the Control of Myopia Progression: A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1157. [PMID: 38398469 PMCID: PMC10888677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myopia control with new designs of spectacle lenses is a flourishing area of research. The present work reviews the effectiveness of new designs (DIMSs, defocus-incorporated multiple segments; CARE, cylindrical annular refractive element; HALs/SALs, highly/slightly aspherical lenslets; DOT, diffusion optics technology) aiming at slowing myopia progression. A search through the PubMed database was conducted for articles published between 1 January 2003 and 28 February 2023. Publications were included if they documented baseline central refraction (SER) and/or axial length (AL) data, and the change in these parameters, in myopic children wearing new designs of spectacle lenses (treatment group) compared to myopic children using single-vision lenses, SVLs (control group). The selection process revealed nine suitable articles. Comparing the mean and standard error values of the treatment and control groups, the highest differences in the change in the SER and AL were -0.80 (1.23) D [95% CI: -1.053 to -0.547; p < 0.001] and 0.35 (0.05) mm [95% CI: 0.252 to 0.448; p < 0.001], respectively; the effect of treatment provided by a HAL design, compared to SVLs, led to a deceleration of 54.8% in the SER and 50.7% in the AL. However, the heterogeneity of the results prevents reaching strong conclusions about the effectiveness of these new designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lupon
- Vision, Optometry and Health (VOS), Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Violinista Vellsolà 37, 08022 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Carme Nolla
- Terrassa School of Optics and Optometry (FOOT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Violinista Vellsolà 37, 08022 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Genis Cardona
- Applied Optics and Image Processing Group (GOAPI), Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Violinista Vellsolà 37, 08022 Terrassa, Spain
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Sánchez-Tena MÁ, Cleva JM, Villa-Collar C, Álvarez M, Ruiz-Pomeda A, Martinez-Perez C, Andreu-Vazquez C, Chamorro E, Alvarez-Peregrina C. Effectiveness of a Spectacle Lens with a Specific Asymmetric Myopic Peripheral Defocus: 12-Month Results in a Spanish Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:177. [PMID: 38397289 PMCID: PMC10887607 DOI: 10.3390/children11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different designs of ophthalmic lenses have been studied to control the progression of myopia in children. This study aims to evaluate the short-term efficacy of a new design of ophthalmic lens with asymmetric myopic peripheral defocus (MPDL) on myopia progression in children compared to a control group wearing a single-vision lens (SVL). METHODS Children aged 5 to 12 with myopia up to -0.50 D, astigmatism and anisometropia under 1.50 D, and corrected visual acuity over 20/20 were randomized to either the study group (MPDL) or control group (SVL). The myopia progression was evaluated by measuring axial length (AL) growth (IOL Master; Zeiss) over a period of one year. RESULTS Ninety-two subjects were recruited. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to the control group, and 46 to the study group. In total, 83 children completed the clinical trial, with a mean age of 10.81 [9.53-11.92] years, among which 59.04% were female. After one year of treatment, there was less AL elongation in the study group compared to the control group (0.16 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.16 mm, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The MPDL significantly reduced the absolute growth of AL by 39% (p = 0.014) and relative growth of AL by 37.3% (p = 0.012) after 12 months in comparison to the control group in a Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.S.-T.); (A.R.-P.); (C.A.-P.)
- ISEC LISBOA-Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Jose Miguel Cleva
- Clinical Research Department, Indizen Optical Technologies, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.); (E.C.)
| | - Cesar Villa-Collar
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Álvarez
- Clinical Research Department, Indizen Optical Technologies, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.); (E.C.)
| | - Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.S.-T.); (A.R.-P.); (C.A.-P.)
| | - Clara Martinez-Perez
- ISEC LISBOA-Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Andreu-Vazquez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eva Chamorro
- Clinical Research Department, Indizen Optical Technologies, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.); (E.C.)
| | - Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.S.-T.); (A.R.-P.); (C.A.-P.)
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