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Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Winnard A, Harris KM, Weber T, Green DA, Petersen LG, Kamine TH, Roberts L, Kim DS, Greaves DK, Arya R, Laws JM, Elias A, Rittweger J, Grassi B, Goswami N. Effects of whole-body vibration or resistive-vibration exercise on blood clotting and related biomarkers: a systematic review. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:87. [PMID: 38057333 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) and resistive vibration exercise (RVE) are utilized as countermeasures against bone loss, muscle wasting, and physical deconditioning. The safety of the interventions, in terms of the risk of inducing undesired blood clotting and venous thrombosis, is not clear. We therefore performed the present systematic review of the available scientific literature on the issue. The review was conducted following the guidelines by the Space Biomedicine Systematic Review Group, based on Cochrane review guidelines. The relevant context or environment of the studies was "ground-based environment"; space analogs or diseased conditions were not included. The search retrieved 801 studies; 77 articles were selected for further consideration after an initial screening. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The main variables related to blood markers involved angiogenic and endothelial factors, fibrinolysis and coagulation markers, cytokine levels, inflammatory and plasma oxidative stress markers. Functional and hemodynamic markers involved blood pressure measurements, systemic vascular resistance, blood flow and microvascular and endothelial functions. The available evidence suggests neutral or potentially positive effects of short- and long-term interventions with WBV and RVE on variables related to blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammatory status, oxidative stress, cardiovascular, microvascular and endothelial functions. No significant warning signs towards an increased risk of undesired clotting and venous thrombosis were identified. If confirmed by further studies, WBV and RVE could be part of the countermeasures aimed at preventing or attenuating the muscular and cardiovascular deconditioning associated with spaceflights, permanence on planetary habitats and ground-based simulations of microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katie M Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Tobias Weber
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Green
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lonnie G Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tovy Haber Kamine
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lara Roberts
- Kings College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David S Kim
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Danielle K Greaves
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roopen Arya
- Kings College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Antoine Elias
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Sainte Musse Hospital, Toulon La Seyne Hospital Centre, Toulon, France
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Division of Physiology, Otto Löwi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Applied Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Sclerostin: From Molecule to Clinical Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094751. [PMID: 35563144 PMCID: PMC9104784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a glycoprotein encoded by the SOST gene, is mainly produced by mature osteocytes and is a critical regulator of bone formation through its inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling. Osteocytes are differentiated osteoblasts that form a vast and highly complex communication network and orchestrate osteogenesis in response to both mechanical and hormonal cues. The three most commonly described pathways of SOST gene regulation are mechanotransduction, Wnt/β-catenin, and steroid signaling. Downregulation of SOST and thereby upregulation of local Wnt signaling is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. This review covers recent findings concerning the identification of SOST, in vitro regulation of SOST gene expression, structural and functional properties of sclerostin, pathophysiology, biological variability, and recent assay developments for measuring circulating sclerostin. The three-dimensional structure of human sclerostin was generated with the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database applying a novel deep learning algorithm based on the amino acid sequence. The functional properties of the 3-loop conformation within the tertiary structure of sclerostin and molecular interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) are also reviewed. Second-generation immunoassays for intact/biointact sclerostin have recently been developed, which might overcome some of the reported methodological obstacles. Sclerostin assay standardization would be a long-term objective to overcome some of the problems with assay discrepancies. Besides the use of age- and sex-specific reference intervals for sclerostin, it is also pivotal to use assay-specific reference intervals since available immunoassays vary widely in their methodological characteristics.
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DadeMatthews OO, Agostinelli PJ, Neal FK, Oladipupo SO, Hirschhorn RM, Wilson AE, Sefton JM. Systematic Review and Meta-analyses on the Effects of Whole-body Vibration on Bone Health. Complement Ther Med 2022; 65:102811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Rubio-Arias JÁ, Martínez-Aranda LM, Andreu-Caravaca L, Sanz G, Benito PJ, Ramos-Campo DJ. Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Strength in the Population Who Are Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:2442-2453. [PMID: 33965395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk variables, and lower limb strength in participants who are overweight/obese. DATA SOURCES A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception through to January 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies analyzing the effect of WBVT on body composition variables, metabolic profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and lower limb strength in the population who are overweight/obese, with interventions of a minimum length of 2 weeks were included. DATA EXTRACTION After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies involving 884 participants who were obese/overweight (experimental group: 543; weight=79.9 kg; body mass index (BMI) =31.3 kg/m2, obesity class I according to World Health Organization) were used in the quantitative analysis. The sex of the participants involved in the studies were as follows: (1) 17 studies included only female participants; (2) 1 study included only boys, and (3) 5 studies included both sexes. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression methods were used to calculate the mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD; ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) as well as to analyze the effects of pre-post intervention WBVT and differences from control groups. DATA SYNTHESIS WBVT led to a significant decrease in fat mass (-1.07 kg, not clinically significant). In addition, WBVT reduced systolic blood pressure (-7.01 mmHg, clinically significant), diastolic blood pressure (-1.83 mmHg), and heart rate (-2.23 bpm), as well as increased the lower extremity strength (SMD=0.63; range, 0.40-0.86). On the other hand, WBVT did not modify the weight, BMI, muscle mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose. CONCLUSIONS WBVT could be an effective training modality to reduce blood pressure (clinically relevant) and resting heart rate. In addition, WBVT led to improved lower limb strength. However, these findings were not consistent with significant improvements on other variables associated with metabolic syndrome (body composition, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Education. University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Andreu-Caravaca
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; International Chair of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Gnomics, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo J Ramos-Campo
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Department of Education, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Acute effect of whole-body vibration on acceleration transmission and jumping performance in children. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 81:105235. [PMID: 33221052 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body vibration (WBV) has emerged as a potential intervention paradigm for improving motor function and bone growth in children with disabilities. However, most evidence comes from adult studies. It is critical to understand the mechanisms of children with and without disabilities responding to different WBV conditions. This study aimed to systematically investigate the acute biomechanical and neuromuscular response in typically developing children aged 6-11 years to varying WBV frequencies and amplitudes. METHODS Seventeen subjects participated in this study (mean age 8.7 years, 10 M/7F). A total of six side-alternating WBV conditions combining three frequencies (20, 25, and 30 Hz) and two amplitudes (1 and 2 mm) were randomly presented for one minute. We estimated transmission of vertical acceleration across body segments during WBV as the average rectified acceleration of motion capture markers, as well as lower-body muscle activation using electromyography. Following WBV, subjects performed countermovement jumps to assess neuromuscular facilitation. FINDINGS Vertical acceleration decreased from the ankle to the head across all conditions, with the greatest damping occurring from the ankle to the knee. Acceleration transmission was lower at the high amplitude than at the low amplitude across body segments, and the knee decreased acceleration transmission with increasing frequency. In addition, muscle activation generally increased with frequency during WBV. There were no changes in jump height or muscle activation following WBV. INTERPRETATION WBV is most likely a safe intervention paradigm for typically developing children. Appropriate WBV intervention design for children with and without disabilities should consider WBV frequency and amplitude.
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Seefried L, Genest F, Strömsdörfer J, Engelmann B, Lapa C, Jakob F, Baumann FT, Sperlich B, Jundt F. Impact of whole-body vibration exercise on physical performance and bone turnover in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100323. [PMID: 33083217 PMCID: PMC7551327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a risk factor for reduced physical performance, osteoporosis, and fractures due to compromised musculoskeletal metabolism. In this condition it is unknown whether whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise favorably alters physical performance and bone metabolism. METHODS To evaluate the effect of three-months WBV exercise (30 min; 2x/week) including an optional three-month extension on physical performance, bone metabolism and bone mineral density. Endpoints included functional assessments, bone turnover markers and bone mineral density assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the tibia. RESULTS Fifteen MGUS patients (median age 62.0, nine female) completed the first three months of which ten completed the three-month extension. Measures of physical functioning including chair rise test, timed up and go and 6-minute walk test improved (p = 0.007; p = 0.009; p = 0.005) after three and six months of WBV exercise. Total tibial bone mineral density remained unaltered (p > 0.05). WBV exercise tended to increase levels of sclerostin (p = 0.093) with a transient increase in osteoclast resorption markers (N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type 1, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b) after three months while Dickkopf-1 (p = 0.093), procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (p = 0.074) and total alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.016) appeared to decline. No exercise-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION WBV exercise in MGUS patients improves indicators of physical performance. Observed trends in bone turnover markers and changes in distal tibial bone mineral density may indicate a regulatory effect of WBV exercise on bone metabolism and warrants further evaluation by large scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Seefried
- Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franca Genest
- Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Strömsdörfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Engelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Experimental and Clinical Osteology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Freerk T Baumann
- Department 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the last 10 years of literature regarding the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone in children, and if WBV results in increased bone acquisition. RECENT FINDINGS WBV intervention appears to be a safe intervention with beneficial effects on bone mass in some diseases and syndromes, but there is still low evidence for WBV in clinical practice. The positive effects on muscle strength, balance, and walking speed are more conclusive. One of the takeaways of this review is that well-trained individuals may not further improve bone mass with WBV; thus, interventions are more beneficial in pediatric individuals with Down syndrome or severe motor disabilities with low bone mass and reduced activity levels. WBV appears to be a safe non-pharmacological anabolic approach to increase bone mass in some pediatric populations; however, longer (> 6 months) and larger prospective studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of WBV on bone health in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Swolin-Eide
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Sun T, Yan Z, Cai J, Shao X, Wang D, Ding Y, Feng Y, Yang J, Luo E, Feng X, Jing D. Effects of mechanical vibration on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine expression/secretion in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells exposed to high glucose. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:216-228. [PMID: 31448865 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients exhibit significant bone deterioration. Our recent findings demonstrate that mechanical vibration is capable of resisting diabetic bone loss, whereas the relevant mechanism remains unclear. We herein examined the effects of mechanical vibration on the activities and functions of osteocytes (the most abundant and well-recognized mechanosensitive cells in the bone) exposed to high glucose (HG). The osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells were incubated with 50 mM HG for 24 h, and then stimulated with 1 h/day mechanical vibration (0.5 g, 45 Hz) for 3 days. We found that mechanical vibration significantly increased the proliferation and viability of MLO-Y4 cells under the HG environment via the MTT, BrdU, and Cell Viability Analyzer assays. The apoptosis detection showed that HG-induced apoptosis in MLO-Y4 cells was inhibited by mechanical vibration. Moreover, increased cellular area, microfilament density, and anisotropy in HG-incubated MLO-Y4 cells were observed after mechanical vibration via the F-actin fluorescence staining. The real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results demonstrated that mechanical vibration significantly upregulated the gene and protein expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and decreased the sclerostin, DKK1, and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteocytes exposed to HG. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays showed that mechanical vibration promoted the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and OPG, and inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and RANKL in the supernatant of HG-treated MLO-Y4 cells. Together, this study demonstrates that mechanical vibration improves osteocytic architecture and viability, and regulates cytokine expression and secretion in the HG environment, and implies the potential great contribution of the modulation of osteocytic activities in resisting diabetic osteopenia/osteoporosis by mechanical vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Diagnosis, College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjun Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Diagnosis, College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Oncology of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions causes bone loss and disrupts vital organ function. Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue, produce a range of cytokines and signaling molecules, and influence bone and other organ function. In this review, we hypothesized that an elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions affects osteocyte survival and function thereby possibly amplifying inflammation, and causing bone loss and non-bone clinical complications. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have reported that the elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions alters osteocyte mechanosensitivity, causes osteocyte apoptosis, and modulates osteocyte-derived production of various inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Cytokines and signaling molecules released from osteocytes affect surrounding bone cells and distant organ function in a paracrine and endocrine fashion. Inflammatory diseases including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis affect osteocyte survival and function, and upregulate osteocyte-derived expression of sclerostin, RANKL, TNFα, FGF23, DKK1, and other signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
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