1
|
Bodlund J, Wimmerdahl A, Honoré A, Härenstam KP, Forsberg D. A retrospective evaluation of SwePEWS use in paediatric patients with COVID-19 and RSV infection. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 39373306 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM As early detection of deterioration is a challenge in children, the Swedish Paediatric Early Warning Score (SwePEWS) is used to systematically assess paediatric patients' clinical state. Here, we aimed to evaluate the use and predictive ability of SwePEWS. METHODS Electronic health records of paediatric patients admitted due to respiratory syncytial virus infection or COVID-19 were reviewed retrospectively. Registered vital signs were compared to the assigned SwePEWS score and monitored vital sign values to identify discrepancies. Additionally, SwePEWS's ability to predict transfer to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was assessed. RESULTS Among 1374 SwePEWS assessments, one-third were either incomplete or contained errors. Incomplete SwePEWS assessments were more frequent during night-time. Single measurements of oxygen saturation presented lower values compared to average saturation from continuous monitoring. SwePEWS's ability to predict PICU transfer was low. CONCLUSION There was a surprisingly high occurrence of underestimated SwePEWS scores. This study provides new insights into pitfalls when developing and implementing paediatric early warning scores for systematic re-evaluations in paediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bodlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albin Wimmerdahl
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoine Honoré
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Pukk Härenstam
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Forsberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang M, Peng Z, van Pul C, Andriessen P, Dong K, Silvertand D, Li J, Liu C, Long X. Continuous prediction and clinical alarm management of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants using vital signs from a patient monitor. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 255:108335. [PMID: 39047574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Continuous prediction of late-onset sepsis (LOS) could be helpful for improving clinical outcomes in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for assisting the bedside clinicians in successfully identifying infants at risk for LOS using non-invasive vital signs monitoring. METHODS In a retrospective study from the NICU of the Máxima Medical Center in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, a total of 492 preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestation were included between July 2016 and December 2018. Data on heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) at 1 Hz were extracted from the patient monitor. We developed multiple AI models using 102 extracted features or raw time series to provide hourly LOS risk prediction. Shapley values were used to explain the model. For the best performing model, the effect of different vital signs and also the input type of signals on model performance was tested. To further assess the performance of applying the best performing model in a real-world clinical setting, we performed a simulation using four different alarm policies on continuous real-time predictions starting from three days after birth. RESULTS A total of 51 LOS patients and 68 controls were finally included according to the patient inclusion and exclusion criteria. When tested by seven-fold cross-validations, the mean (standard deviation) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) six hours before CRASH was 0.875 (0.072) for the best performing model, compared to the other six models with AUC ranging from 0.782 (0.089) to 0.846 (0.083). The best performing model performed only slightly worse than the model learning from raw physiological waveforms (0.886 [0.068]), successfully detecting 96.1 % of LOS patients before CRASH. When setting the expected alarm window to 24 h and using a multi-threshold alarm policy, the sensitivity metric was 71.6 %, while the positive predictive value was 9.9 %, resulting in an average of 1.15 alarms per day per patient. CONCLUSIONS The proposed AI model, which learns from routinely collected vital signs, has the potential to assist clinicians in the early detection of LOS. Combined with interpretability and clinical alarm management, this model could be better translated into medical practice for future clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Physics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carola van Pul
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Physics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kejun Dong
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Demi Silvertand
- Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Long
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kainth D, Prakash S, Sankar MJ. Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning-based Models in Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:889-901. [PMID: 39079037 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is challenging. We aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of sophisticated machine learning (ML) techniques for the prediction of neonatal sepsis. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases using "neonate," "sepsis" and "machine learning" as search terms. We included studies that developed or validated an ML algorithm to predict neonatal sepsis. Those incorporating automated vital-sign data were excluded. Among 5008 records, 74 full-text articles were screened. Two reviewers extracted information as per the CHARMS (CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies) checklist. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline extension for diagnostic test accuracy reviews and used the PROBAST tool for risk of bias assessment. Primary outcome was a predictive performance of ML models in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. We generated a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve for pooled analysis. RESULTS Of 19 studies (15,984 participants) with 76 ML models, the random forest algorithm was the most employed. The candidate predictors per model ranged from 5 to 93; most included birth weight and gestation. None performed external validation. The risk of bias was high (18 studies). For the prediction of any sepsis (14 studies), pooled sensitivity was 0.87 (95% credible interval: 0.75-0.94) and specificity was 0.89 (95% credible interval: 0.77-0.95). Pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.94 (95% credible interval: 0.92-0.96). All studies, except one, used data from high- or upper-middle-income countries. With unavailable probability thresholds, the performance could not be assessed with sufficient precision. CONCLUSIONS ML techniques have good diagnostic accuracy for neonatal sepsis. The need for the development of context-specific models from high-burden countries is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kainth
- From the Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Jeeva Sankar
- From the Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Rose DU, Ronchetti MP, Martini L, Rechichi J, Iannetta M, Dotta A, Auriti C. Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:199. [PMID: 39330888 PMCID: PMC11435811 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9090199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains the second cause of death among neonates after the pathological consequences of extreme prematurity. In this review we summarized knowledge about pathogens causing early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS), the role of perinatal risk factors in determining the EOS risk, and the tools used to reduce unnecessary antibiotics. New molecular assays could improve the accuracy of standard blood cultures, providing the opportunity for a quick and sensitive tool. Different sepsis criteria and biomarkers are available to date, but further research is needed to guide the use of antibiotics according to these tools. Beyond the historical antibiotic regimens in EOS and LOS episodes, antibiotics should be based on the local flora and promptly modulated if specific pathogens are identified. The possibility of an antibiotic lock therapy for central venous catheters should be further investigated. In the near future, artificial intelligence could help us to personalize treatments and reduce the increasing trend of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- PhD Course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, and Transplants (MIMIT), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Ronchetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Martini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Jole Rechichi
- Neonatal Sub-Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Margherita, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman J, Brankovic A, Tracy M, Khanna S. Exploring Computational Techniques in Preprocessing Neonatal Physiological Signals for Detecting Adverse Outcomes: Scoping Review. Interact J Med Res 2024; 13:e46946. [PMID: 39163610 PMCID: PMC11372324 DOI: 10.2196/46946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational signal preprocessing is a prerequisite for developing data-driven predictive models for clinical decision support. Thus, identifying the best practices that adhere to clinical principles is critical to ensure transparency and reproducibility to drive clinical adoption. It further fosters reproducible, ethical, and reliable conduct of studies. This procedure is also crucial for setting up a software quality management system to ensure regulatory compliance in developing software as a medical device aimed at early preclinical detection of clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVE This scoping review focuses on the neonatal intensive care unit setting and summarizes the state-of-the-art computational methods used for preprocessing neonatal clinical physiological signals; these signals are used for the development of machine learning models to predict the risk of adverse outcomes. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and ACM Digital Library) were searched using a combination of keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. A total of 3585 papers from 2013 to January 2023 were identified based on the defined search terms and inclusion criteria. After removing duplicates, 2994 (83.51%) papers were screened by title and abstract, and 81 (0.03%) were selected for full-text review. Of these, 52 (64%) were eligible for inclusion in the detailed analysis. RESULTS Of the 52 articles reviewed, 24 (46%) studies focused on diagnostic models, while the remainder (n=28, 54%) focused on prognostic models. The analysis conducted in these studies involved various physiological signals, with electrocardiograms being the most prevalent. Different programming languages were used, with MATLAB and Python being notable. The monitoring and capturing of physiological data used diverse systems, impacting data quality and introducing study heterogeneity. Outcomes of interest included sepsis, apnea, bradycardia, mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with some studies analyzing combinations of adverse outcomes. We found a partial or complete lack of transparency in reporting the setting and the methods used for signal preprocessing. This includes reporting methods to handle missing data, segment size for considered analysis, and details regarding the modification of the state-of-the-art methods for physiological signal processing to align with the clinical principles for neonates. Only 7 (13%) of the 52 reviewed studies reported all the recommended preprocessing steps, which could have impacts on the downstream analysis. CONCLUSIONS The review found heterogeneity in the techniques used and inconsistent reporting of parameters and procedures used for preprocessing neonatal physiological signals, which is necessary to confirm adherence to clinical and software quality management system practices, usefulness, and choice of best practices. Enhancing transparency in reporting and standardizing procedures will boost study interpretation and reproducibility and expedite clinical adoption, instilling confidence in the research findings and streamlining the translation of research outcomes into clinical practice, ultimately contributing to the advancement of neonatal care and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rahman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aida Brankovic
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Tracy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sankalp Khanna
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Wang C, Yang N. Diagnostic performance of machine-learning algorithms for sepsis prediction: An updated meta-analysis. Technol Health Care 2024:THC240087. [PMID: 38968031 DOI: 10.3233/thc-240087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of sepsis has been shown to significantly improve patient prognosis. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of machine-learning algorithms for sepsis prediction. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, covering literature up to December 2023. The keywords included machine learning, sepsis and prediction. After screening, data were extracted and analysed from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Key evaluation metrics included sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS The meta-analysis included a total of 21 studies with a data sample size of 4,158,941. Overall, the pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70-0.90; P< 0.001; I2=99.7%), the specificity was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.86-0.94; P< 0.001; I2= 99.9%), and the AUC was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.91-0.96). The subgroup analysis revealed that in the emergency department setting (6 studies), the pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.68-0.87; P< 0.001; I2= 99.6%), the specificity was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.97; P< 0.001; I2= 99.9%), and the AUC was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.92-0.96). In the Intensive Care Unit setting (11 studies), the sensitivity was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.75-0.97; P< 0.001; I2= 98.3%), the specificity was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75-0.92; P< 0.001; I2= 99.9%), and the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI = 0.91-0.95). Due to the limited number of studies in the in-hospital and mixed settings (n< 3), no pooled analysis was performed. CONCLUSION Machine-learning algorithms have demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in predicting the occurrence of sepsis, showing potential for clinical application.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rech T, Rubarth K, Bührer C, Balzer F, Dame C. The Finnegan Score for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Revisited With Routine Electronic Data: Retrospective Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e50575. [PMID: 38456232 PMCID: PMC11004517 DOI: 10.2196/50575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) may be assessed with the Finnegan score (FS). Since the FS is laborious and subjective, alternative ways of assessment may improve quality of care. Objective In this pilot study, we examined associations between the FS and routine monitoring data obtained from the electronic health record system. Methods The study included 205 neonates with NAS after intrauterine (n=23) or postnatal opioid exposure (n=182). Routine monitoring data were analyzed at 60±10 minutes (t-1) and 120±10 minutes (t-2) before each FS assessment. Within each time period, the mean for each variable was calculated. Readings were also normalized to individual baseline data for each patient and parameter. Mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of different variables. Results Plots of vital parameters against the FS showed heavily scattered data. When controlling for several variables, the best-performing mixed effects model displayed significant effects of individual baseline-controlled mean heart rate (estimate 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07) and arterial blood pressure (estimate 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.08) at t-1 with a goodness of fit (R2m) of 0.11. Conclusions Routine electronic data can be extracted and analyzed for their correlation with FS data. Mixed effects models show small but significant effects after normalizing vital parameters to individual baselines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Rech
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rubarth
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Balzer
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Dame
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu D, Langston JC, Prabhakarpandian B, Kiani MF, Kilpatrick LE. The critical role of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in sepsis: new synergistic approaches employing organ-on-chip, omics, immune cell phenotyping and in silico modeling to identify new therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1274842. [PMID: 38259971 PMCID: PMC10800980 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1274842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a global health concern accounting for more than 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. Sepsis is now defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can develop from bacterial (gram negative or gram positive), fungal or viral (such as COVID) infections. However, therapeutics developed in animal models and traditional in vitro sepsis models have had little success in clinical trials, as these models have failed to fully replicate the underlying pathophysiology and heterogeneity of the disease. The current understanding is that the host response to sepsis is highly diverse among patients, and this heterogeneity impacts immune function and response to infection. Phenotyping immune function and classifying sepsis patients into specific endotypes is needed to develop a personalized treatment approach. Neutrophil-endothelium interactions play a critical role in sepsis progression, and increased neutrophil influx and endothelial barrier disruption have important roles in the early course of organ damage. Understanding the mechanism of neutrophil-endothelium interactions and how immune function impacts this interaction can help us better manage the disease and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognosis tools for effective treatments. In this review, we will discuss the latest research exploring how in silico modeling of a synergistic combination of new organ-on-chip models incorporating human cells/tissue, omics analysis and clinical data from sepsis patients will allow us to identify relevant signaling pathways and characterize specific immune phenotypes in patients. Emerging technologies such as machine learning can then be leveraged to identify druggable therapeutic targets and relate them to immune phenotypes and underlying infectious agents. This synergistic approach can lead to the development of new therapeutics and the identification of FDA approved drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jordan C. Langston
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Mohammad F. Kiani
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bultmann CR, Qiu J, Belmonte B, Fairchild KD, Sullivan BA. Heart rate and oxygen saturation patterns in very low birth weight infants with early onset sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024; 17:209-215. [PMID: 38578905 PMCID: PMC11450634 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW,< 1500 g) infants may cause a systemic inflammatory response reflected in patterns of heart rate (HR) and oxygenation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Identification of these patterns might inform decisions about duration of antibiotic therapy after birth. OBJECTIVE Compare early HR and SpO2 patterns in VLBW infants with or without early onset sepsis (EOS) or histologic chorioamnionitis (HC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of placental pathology and HR and SpO2 in the first 72 h from birth in relation to EOS status for inborn VLBW NICU patients 2012-2019. RESULT Among 362 VLBW infants with HR and SpO2 data available, clinical, or culture-positive EOS occurred in 91/362 (25%) and HC in 81/355 (22%). In univariate analysis, EOS was associated with higher mean HR, lower mean SpO2, and less negative skewness of HR in the first 3 days after birth. HC was associated with higher standard deviation and skewness of HR but no difference in SpO2. In multivariable modeling, significant risk factors for EOS were mean HR, gestational age, HC, mean SpO2, and skewness of SpO2. CONCLUSION HR and SpO2 patterns differ shortly after birth in VLBW infants exposed to HC or with EOS, likely reflecting a systemic inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaxang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Briana Belmonte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karen D Fairchild
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brynne A Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|