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Ruple BA, Mattingly ML, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Kontos NJ, Agyin-Birikorang A, Michel JM, Plotkin DL, Chen SY, Ziegenfuss TN, Fruge AD, Gladden LB, Robinson AT, Mobley CB, Mackey AL, Roberts MD. The effects of resistance training on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in middle-aged adults. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23621. [PMID: 38651653 PMCID: PMC11047210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302103rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Denervated myofibers and senescent cells are hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging. However, sparse research has examined how resistance training affects these outcomes. We investigated the effects of unilateral leg extensor resistance training (2 days/week for 8 weeks) on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in apparently healthy middle-aged participants (MA, 55 ± 8 years old, 17 females, 9 males). We obtained dual-leg vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), VL biopsies, and strength assessments before and after training. Fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), satellite cells (Pax7+), denervated myofibers (NCAM+), senescent cells (p16+ or p21+), proteins associated with denervation and senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) proteins were analyzed from biopsy specimens. Leg extensor peak torque increased after training (p < .001), while VL mCSA trended upward (interaction p = .082). No significant changes were observed for Type I/II fCSAs, NCAM+ myofibers, or senescent (p16+ or p21+) cells, albeit satellite cells increased after training (p = .037). While >90% satellite cells were not p16+ or p21+, most p16+ and p21+ cells were Pax7+ (>90% on average). Training altered 13 out of 46 proteins related to muscle-nerve communication (all upregulated, p < .05) and 10 out of 19 proteins related to cellular senescence (9 upregulated, p < .05). Only 1 out of 17 SASP protein increased with training (IGFBP-3, p = .031). In conclusion, resistance training upregulates proteins associated with muscle-nerve communication in MA participants but does not alter NCAM+ myofibers. Moreover, while training increased senescence-related proteins, this coincided with an increase in satellite cells but not alterations in senescent cell content or SASP proteins. These latter findings suggest shorter term resistance training is an unlikely inducer of cellular senescence in apparently healthy middle-aged participants. However, similar study designs are needed in older and diseased populations before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Skoglund E, Stål P, Lundberg TR, Gustafsson T, Tesch PA, Thornell LE. Skeletal muscle morphology, satellite cells, and oxidative profile in relation to physical function and lifelong endurance training in very old men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:264-275. [PMID: 36548511 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we compared muscle morphology in three advanced aging cohorts that differed in physical function, including a unique cohort of lifelong endurance athletes. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of seven lifelong endurance athletes (EAs) aged 82-92 yr, and 19 subjects from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) aged 87-91 yr were analyzed. ULSAM subjects were divided into high- (n = 9, HF) and low- (n = 10, LF) function groups based on strength and physical function tests. The analysis included general morphology, fiber type and cross-sectional area, capillarization, deficient cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, number of myonuclei and satellite cells, and markers of regeneration and denervation. Fibers with central nuclei and/or nuclear clumps were observed in all groups. EA differed from LF and HF by having a higher proportion of type I fibers, 52% more capillaries in relation to fiber area, fewer COX-negative fibers, and less variation in fiber sizes (all P < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in the number of myonuclei and satellite cells per fiber, and no significant differences between LF and HF (P > 0.05). In conclusion, signs of aging were evident in the muscle morphology of all groups, but neither endurance training status nor physical function influenced signs of regeneration and denervation processes. Lifelong endurance training, but not higher physical function, was associated with higher muscle oxidative capacity, even beyond the age of 80.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that lifelong endurance training, but not physical function, is associated with higher muscle oxidative capacity, even beyond the age of 80 yr. Neither endurance training status nor physical function was significantly associated with satellite cells or markers of regeneration and denervation in muscle biopsies from these very old men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy R Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A Tesch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Eric Thornell
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Tirpáková V, Cvečka J, Hamar D, Protasi F, Šarabon N, Zampieri S, Löfler S, Kern H, Sedliak M. Aging and Possible Benefits or Negatives of Lifelong Endurance Running: How Master Male Athletes Differ from Young Athletes and Elderly Sedentary? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13184. [PMID: 36293774 PMCID: PMC9602696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity, recommended by the WHO, is crucial in maintaining a good physical fitness level and health status and slows down the effects of aging. However, there is a lack of knowledge of whether lifelong endurance running, with a volume and frequency above the WHO limits, still brings the same benefits, or several negative effects too. The present study aims to examine the protentional benefits and risks of lifelong endurance running training in Master male athletes, as this level of physical activity is above the WHO recommendations. Within the study, four main groups of participants will be included: (1) endurance-trained master athletes, (2) endurance-trained young athletes, (3) young sedentary adults, and (4) elderly sedentary. Both groups of athletes are strictly marathon runners, who are still actively running. The broad spectrum of the diagnostic tests, from the questionnaires, physical fitness testing, and blood sampling to muscle biopsy, will be performed to obtain the possibility of complexly analyzing the effects of lifelong endurance physical activity on the human body and aging. Moreover, the study will try to discover and explain new relationships between endurance running and diagnostic parameters, not only within aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vajda
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Oreská
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Černáčková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Čupka
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Physical Medicine, Physik und Rheumatherapie, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Physical Medicine, Physik und Rheumatherapie, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3300 Amstetten, Austria
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Rahmati M, McCarthy JJ, Malakoutinia F. Myonuclear permanence in skeletal muscle memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2276-2297. [PMID: 35961635 PMCID: PMC9530508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One aspect of skeletal muscle memory is the ability of a previously trained muscle to hypertrophy more rapidly following a period of detraining. Although the molecular basis of muscle memory remains to be fully elucidated, one potential mechanism thought to mediate muscle memory is the permanent retention of myonuclei acquired during the initial phase of hypertrophic growth. However, myonuclear permanence is debated and would benefit from a meta-analysis to clarify the current state of the field for this important aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to assess the permanence of myonuclei associated with changes in physical activity and ageing. When available, the abundance of satellite cells (SCs) was also considered given their potential influence on changes in myonuclear abundance. One hundred forty-seven peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion across five separate meta-analyses; (1-2) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to hypertrophy; (3-4) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to atrophy; and (5) human studies assessed muscle response with ageing. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy was associated with higher myonuclear content that was retained in rodents, but not humans, with atrophy (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI -1.71 to 0.51, P = 0.29, and MD = 83.46, 95% CI -649.41 to 816.32, P = 0.82; respectively). Myonuclear and SC content were both lower following atrophy in humans (MD = -11, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.03, P = 0.005, and SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.22, P = 0.0005; respectively), although the response in rodents was affected by the type of muscle under consideration and the mode of atrophy. Whereas rodent myonuclei were found to be more permanent regardless of the mode of atrophy, atrophy of ≥30% was associated with a reduction in myonuclear content (SMD = -1.02, 95% CI -1.53 to -0.51, P = 0.0001). In humans, sarcopenia was accompanied by a lower myonuclear and SC content (MD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.85, P = 0.02, and SMD = 0.78, 95% CI 0.37-1.19, P = 0.0002; respectively). The major finding from the present meta-analysis is that myonuclei are not permanent but are lost during periods of atrophy and with ageing. These findings do not support the concept of skeletal muscle memory based on the permanence of myonuclei and suggest other mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may have a more important role in mediating this aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Fatemeh Malakoutinia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
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Huo F, Liu Q, Liu H. Contribution of muscle satellite cells to sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892749. [PMID: 36035464 PMCID: PMC9411786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a disorder characterized by age-related muscle loss and reduced muscle strength, is associated with decreased individual independence and quality of life, as well as a high risk of death. Skeletal muscle houses a normally mitotically quiescent population of adult stem cells called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are responsible for muscle maintenance, growth, repair, and regeneration throughout the life cycle. Patients with sarcopenia are often exhibit dysregulation of MuSCs homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the etiology, assessment, and treatment of sarcopenia. We also discuss phenotypic and regulatory mechanisms of MuSC quiescence, activation, and aging states, as well as the controversy between MuSC depletion and sarcopenia. Finally, we give a multi-dimensional treatment strategy for sarcopenia based on improving MuSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Huo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Hailiang Liu,
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Soendenbroe C, Flindt Heisterberg MF, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Human skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor gene expression in elderly males performing heavy resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C159-C169. [PMID: 35649253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber denervation is a major contributor to the decline in muscle mass and function during aging. Heavy resistance exercise is an effective tool for increasing muscle mass and strength, but whether it can rescue denervated muscle fibers remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of heavy resistance exercise to modify indices of denervation in healthy elderly individuals. 38 healthy elderly men (72±5 years) underwent 16 weeks of heavy resistance exercise while 20 healthy elderly men (72±6 years) served as non-exercising sedentary controls. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre and post training, and midway at eight weeks. Biopsies were analysed by immunofluorescence for the prevalence of myofibers expressing embryonic myosin (MyHCe), neonatal myosin (MyHCn), nestin, and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and by RT-qPCR for gene expression levels of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits, MyHCn, MyHCe, p16 and Ki67. In addition to increases in strength and type II fiber hypertrophy, heavy resistance exercise training led to a decrease in AChR α1 and ε subunit mRNA (at eight weeks). Changes in gene expression levels of the α1 and ε AChR subunits with eight weeks of heavy resistance exercise supports the role of this type of exercise in targeting stability of the neuromuscular junction. The number of fibers positive for NCAM, nestin, and MyHCn was not affected, suggesting that a longer timeframe is needed for adaptations to manifest at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette F Flindt Heisterberg
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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7
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Jones EJ, Chiou S, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Ageing and exercise-induced motor unit remodelling. J Physiol 2022; 600:1839-1849. [PMID: 35278221 PMCID: PMC9314090 DOI: 10.1113/jp281726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A motor unit (MU) comprises the neuron cell body, its corresponding axon and each of the muscle fibres it innervates. Many studies highlight age-related reductions in the number of MUs, yet the ability of a MU to undergo remodelling and to expand to rescue denervated muscle fibres is also a defining feature of MU plasticity. Remodelling of MUs involves two coordinated processes: (i) axonal sprouting and new branching growth from adjacent surviving neurons, and (ii) the formation of key structures around the neuromuscular junction to resume muscle-nerve communication. These processes rely on neurotrophins and coordinated signalling in muscle-nerve interactions. To date, several neurotrophins have attracted focus in animal models, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factors I and II. Exercise in older age has demonstrated benefits in multiple physiological systems including skeletal muscle, yet evidence suggests this may also extend to peripheral MU remodelling. There is, however, a lack of research in humans due to methodological limitations which are easily surmountable in animal models. To improve mechanistic insight of the effects of exercise on MU remodelling with advancing age, future research should focus on combining methodological approaches to explore the in vivo physiological function of the MU alongside alterations of the localised molecular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. Jones
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Shin‐Yi Chiou
- School of SportExercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre for Human Brain HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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8
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Janssens GE, Grevendonk L, Perez RZ, Schomakers BV, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Geurts JMW, van Weeghel M, Schrauwen P, Houtkooper RH, Hoeks J. Healthy aging and muscle function are positively associated with NAD + abundance in humans. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:254-263. [PMID: 37118369 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is greatly affected by aging, resulting in a loss of metabolic and physical function. However, the underlying molecular processes and how (lack of) physical activity is involved in age-related metabolic decline in muscle function in humans is largely unknown. Here, we compared, in a cross-sectional study, the muscle metabolome from young to older adults, whereby the older adults were exercise trained, had normal physical activity levels or were physically impaired. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) was one of the most prominent metabolites that was lower in older adults, in line with preclinical models. This lower level was even more pronounced in impaired older individuals, and conversely, exercise-trained older individuals had NAD+ levels that were more similar to those found in younger individuals. NAD+ abundance positively correlated with average number of steps per day and mitochondrial and muscle functioning. Our work suggests that a clear association exists between NAD+ and health status in human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Grevendonk
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Zapata Perez
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Teixeira J, Brauer Júnior A, Lima-Silva A, Bento P. Association between age and muscle function, architecture, and composition in long-distance master runners: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12383. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A.G. Brauer Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil; Unibrasil Centro Universitário, Brasil
| | | | - P.C.B. Bento
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil
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10
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Lagerwaard B, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Bunschoten A, de Boer VC, Keijer J. Matrisome, innervation and oxidative metabolism affected in older compared with younger males with similar physical activity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1214-1231. [PMID: 34219410 PMCID: PMC8517362 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the interaction between skeletal muscle ageing and lifestyle factors, it is often challenging to attribute the decline in muscle mass and quality to either changes in lifestyle or to advancing age itself. Because many of the physiological factors affecting muscle mass and quality are modulated by physical activity and physical activity declines with age, the aim of this study is to better understand the effects of early ageing on muscle function by comparing a population of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity patterns. METHODS Eighteen older (69 ± 2.0 years) and 20 young (22 ± 2.0 years) males were recruited based on similar self-reported physical activity, which was verified using accelerometry measurements. Gene expression profiles of vastus lateralis biopsies obtained by RNA sequencing were compared, and key results were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS Total physical activity energy expenditure was similar between the young and old group (404 ± 215 vs. 411 ± 189 kcal/day, P = 0.11). Three thousand seven hundred ninety-seven differentially expressed coding genes (DEGs) were identified (adjusted P-value cut-off of <0.05), of which 1891 were higher and 1906 were lower expressed in the older muscle. The matrisome, innervation and inflammation were the main upregulated processes, and oxidative metabolism was the main downregulated process in old compared with young muscle. Lower protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM, P = 0.030) and mitochondrial respiratory Complexes IV and II (P = 0.011 and P = 0.0009, respectively) were observed, whereas a trend was observed for Complex I (P = 0.062), in older compared with young muscle. Protein expression of Complexes I and IV was significantly correlated to mitochondrial capacity in the vastus lateralis as measured in vivo (P = 0.017, R2 = 0.42 and P = 0.030, R2 = 0.36). A trend for higher muscle-specific receptor kinase (MUSK) protein levels in the older group was observed (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS There are clear differences in the transcriptome signatures of the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity levels, including significant differences at the protein level. By disentangling physical activity and ageing, we appoint early skeletal muscle ageing processes that occur despite similar physical activity. Improved understanding of these processes will be key to design targeted anti-ageing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lagerwaard
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- TI Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent C.J. de Boer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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11
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Preisner F, Friedmann-Bette B, Wehrstein M, Vollherbst DFJ, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Hilgenfeld T. In Vivo Visualization of Tissue Damage Induced by Percutaneous Muscle Biopsy via Novel High-Resolution MR Imaging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1367-1374. [PMID: 33449606 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Percutaneous muscle biopsy is the gold standard for tissue assessment in clinical practice and scientific studies. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the ensuing tissue damage by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS In this prospective study, we enrolled 22 healthy participants who underwent MRI of the thigh musculature about 1 wk after a percutaneous muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. A total of 17 participants also volunteered for a second MR examination 2 wk after biopsy. Volumes of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) lesions and muscle edema were assessed by SWI and T2-weighted MRI, respectively, after manual segmentation by two independent readers. For quantitative in vivo hematoma volume assessment, we additionally determined signal changes induced by experimental hematoma in an ex vivo model. RESULTS Mean overall volume of SWI lesions 1 wk after biopsy was 26.5 ± 21.7 μL, accompanied by a mean perifocal edema volume of 790.1 ± 591.4 μL. In participants who underwent two examinations, mean volume of SWI lesions slightly decreased from 29.8 ± 23.6 to 23.9 ± 16.8 μL within 1 wk (P = 0.13). Muscle edema volume decreased from 820.2 ± 632.4 to 359.6 ± 207.3 μL at the same time (P = 0.006). By calibration with the ex vivo findings, signal alterations on SWI corresponded to a blood volume of approximately 10-50 μL. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular hematoma and accompanying muscle edema after percutaneous biopsy are small and decrease rapidly within the first 2 wk. These in vivo findings underline the limited invasiveness of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Preisner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Birgit Friedmann-Bette
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Michaela Wehrstein
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | | | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
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12
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Soendenbroe C, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Muscle-nerve communication and the molecular assessment of human skeletal muscle denervation with aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C317-C329. [PMID: 34161153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber denervation is a major contributor to the decline in physical function observed with aging. Denervation can occur through breakdown of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) itself, affecting only that particular fiber, or through the death of a motor neuron, which can lead to a loss of all the muscle fibers in that motor unit. In this review, we discuss the muscle-nerve relationship, where signaling from both the motor neuron and the muscle fiber is required for maximal preservation of neuromuscular function in old age. Physical activity is likely to be the most important single factor that can contribute to this preservation. Furthermore, we propose that inactivity is not an innocent bystander, but plays an active role in denervation through the production of signals hostile to neuron survival. Investigating denervation in human muscle tissue samples is challenging due to the shared protein profile of regenerating and denervated muscle fibers. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the key traits observed in immunohistochemical preparations of muscle biopsies from healthy, young, and elderly individuals. Overall, a combination of assessing tissue samples, circulating biomarkers, and electrophysiological assessments in humans will prove fruitful in the quest to gain more understanding of denervation of skeletal muscle. In addition, cell culture models represent a valuable tool in the search for key signaling factors exchanged between muscle and nerve, and which exercise has the capacity to alter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Jensen JB, Møller AB, Just J, Mose M, de Paoli FV, Billeskov TB, Fred RG, Pers TH, Pedersen SB, Petersen KK, Bjerre M, Farup J, Jessen N. Isolation and characterization of muscle stem cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and macrophages from human skeletal muscle biopsies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C257-C268. [PMID: 34106790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00127.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal models clearly illustrate that the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass depends on the function and interaction of a heterogeneous population of resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that mononuclear cells also play a role in muscle wasting in humans, and targeting these cells may open new treatment options for intervention or prevention in sarcopenia. Methodological and ethical constraints have perturbed exploration of the cellular characteristics and function of mononuclear cells in human skeletal muscle. Thus, investigations of cellular phenotypes often depend on immunohistochemical analysis of small tissue samples obtained by needle biopsies, which do not match the deep phenotyping of mononuclear cells obtained from animal models. Here, we have developed a protocol for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data, for quantifying and characterizing mononuclear cell populations in human skeletal muscle. Muscle stem cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and two subsets of macrophages (CD11c+/-) are present in needle biopsies in comparable quantities per milligram tissue to open surgical biopsies. We find that direct cell isolation is preferable due to a substantial shift in transcriptome when using preculture before the FACS procedure. Finally, in vitro validation of the cellular phenotype of muscle stem cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and macrophages confirms population-specific traits. This study demonstrates that mononuclear cell populations can be quantified and subsequently analyzed from needle biopsy material and opens the perspective for future clinical studies of cellular mechanisms in muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas B Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maike Mose
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Diabetes and Hormonal Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank V de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine B Billeskov
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikard G Fred
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Diabetes and Hormonal Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Petersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Just-Borràs L, Cilleros-Mañé V, Hurtado E, Biondi O, Charbonnier F, Tomàs M, Garcia N, Tomàs J, Lanuza MA. Running and Swimming Differently Adapt the BDNF/TrkB Pathway to a Slow Molecular Pattern at the NMJ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4577. [PMID: 33925507 PMCID: PMC8123836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise improves motor control and related cognitive abilities and reinforces neuroprotective mechanisms in the nervous system. As peripheral nerves interact with skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction, modifications of this bidirectional communication by physical activity are positive to preserve this synapse as it increases quantal content and resistance to fatigue, acetylcholine receptors expansion, and myocytes' fast-to-slow functional transition. Here, we provide the intermediate step between physical activity and functional and morphological changes by analyzing the molecular adaptations in the skeletal muscle of the full BDNF/TrkB downstream signaling pathway, directly involved in acetylcholine release and synapse maintenance. After 45 days of training at different intensities, the BDNF/TrkB molecular phenotype of trained muscles from male B6SJLF1/J mice undergo a fast-to-slow transition without affecting motor neuron size. We provide further knowledge to understand how exercise induces muscle molecular adaptations towards a slower phenotype, resistant to prolonged trains of stimulation or activity that can be useful as therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Just-Borràs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Víctor Cilleros-Mañé
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Erica Hurtado
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Olivier Biondi
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Neus Garcia
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Josep Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria A. Lanuza
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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15
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McKendry J, Joanisse S, Baig S, Liu B, Parise G, Greig CA, Breen L. Superior Aerobic Capacity and Indices of Skeletal Muscle Morphology in Chronically Trained Master Endurance Athletes Compared With Untrained Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1079-1088. [PMID: 31155637 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to comprehensively assess physiological function and muscle morphology in chronically trained older individuals against untrained young and older individuals. In a cross-sectional design, 15 young untrained controls (YC) (20 ± 2.7 years, 78.9 ± 13.3 kg), 12 untrained older controls (OC) (69.8 ± 4.1 years, 77.5 ± 14.2 kg), and 14 endurance-trained master athletes (MA) (67.1 ± 4.1 years, 68.7 ± 6.5 kg) underwent assessments of body composition, aerobic capacity, strength, muscle architecture, and fiber-type morphology. Skeletal muscle index was lower and body fat greater in OC versus MA. Estimated VO2max (mL·kg-1·minute-1) was similar between MA and YC, but lower in OC. Isometric leg strength normalized to fat-free mass was similar between groups, whereas normalized isometric arm strength was greater in YC than MA. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) I fiber area was greater in MA than OC, while MHC II fiber area was greater in YC than OC. MHC II fiber myonuclear domain size was greater in YC than OC and MA, whereas MA had greater MHC I and MHC II fiber capillarization than OC and YC. Satellite cell content was similar between groups. Chronic endurance training enhances indices of muscle morphology and improves body composition and aerobic capacity in older age, with potentially important implications for healthspan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shanat Baig
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Boyang Liu
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Ontario, Canada.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham.,MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Ontario, Canada.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham.,MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
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16
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Horwath O, Moberg M, Larsen FJ, Philp A, Apró W, Ekblom B. Influence of sex and fiber type on the satellite cell pool in human skeletal muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:303-312. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Horwath
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Filip J. Larsen
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andrew Philp
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW Australia
- St Vincent’s Medical School UNSW Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - William Apró
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
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17
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Snijders T, Aussieker T, Holwerda A, Parise G, Loon LJC, Verdijk LB. The concept of skeletal muscle memory: Evidence from animal and human studies. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13465. [PMID: 32175681 PMCID: PMC7317456 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Within the current paradigm of the myonuclear domain theory, it is postulated that a linear relationship exists between muscle fibre size and myonuclear content. The myonuclear domain is kept (relatively) constant by adding additional nuclei (supplied by muscle satellite cells) during muscle fibre hypertrophy and nuclear loss (by apoptosis) during muscle fibre atrophy. However, data from recent animal studies suggest that myonuclei that are added to support muscle fibre hypertrophy are not lost within various muscle atrophy models. Such myonuclear permanence has been suggested to constitute a mechanism allowing the muscle fibre to (re)grow more efficiently during retraining, a phenomenon referred to as "muscle memory." The concept of "muscle memory by myonuclear permanence" has mainly been based on data attained from rodent experimental models. Whether the postulated mechanism also holds true in humans remains largely ambiguous. Nevertheless, there are several studies in humans that provide evidence to potentially support or contradict (parts of) the muscle memory hypothesis. The goal of the present review was to discuss the evidence for the existence of "muscle memory" in both animal and human models of muscle fibre hypertrophy as well as atrophy. Furthermore, to provide additional insight in the potential presence of muscle memory by myonuclear permanence in humans, we present new data on previously performed exercise training studies. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided to establish whether muscle memory really exists in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Thorben Aussieker
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Andy Holwerda
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Luc J. C. Loon
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
Individuals that maintain healthy skeletal tissue tend to live healthier, happier lives as proper muscle function enables maintenance of independence and actuation of autonomy. The onset of skeletal muscle decline begins around the age of 30, and muscle atrophy is associated with a number of serious morbidities and mortalities. Satellite cells are responsible for regeneration of skeletal muscle and enter a reversible non-dividing state of quiescence under homeostatic conditions. In response to injury, satellite cells are able to activate and re-enter the cell cycle, creating new cells to repair and create nascent muscle fibres while preserving a small population that can return to quiescence for future regenerative demands. However, in aged muscle, satellite cells that experience prolonged quiescence will undergo programmed cellular senescence, an irreversible non-dividing state that handicaps the regenerative capabilities of muscle. This review examines how periodic activation and cycling of satellite cells through exercise can mitigate senescence acquisition and myogenic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chen
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - David Datzkiw
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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19
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Thirupathi A, Pinho RA, Chang YZ. Physical exercise: An inducer of positive oxidative stress in skeletal muscle aging. Life Sci 2020; 252:117630. [PMID: 32294473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the core of most pathological situations, and its attribution toward disease conversion is not yet well established. The adaptive capacity of a cell can overcome ROS-induced pathology. However, when a cell fails to extend its maximum adaptive capacity against oxidative stress, it could lead a cell to misbehave or defunct from its normal functions. Any type of physical activity can increase the cells' maximum adaptive capacity, but aging can limit this. However, whether aging is the initiating point of reducing cells' adaptive capacity against oxidative stress or oxidative stress can induce the aging process is a mystery, and it could be the key to solving several uncured diseases. Paradoxically, minimum ROS is needed for cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, finding factors that can limit or nullify the production of ROS for cellular homeostasis is a million-dollar question. Regular physical exercise is considered to be one of the factors that can limit the production of ROS and increase the ROS-induced benefits in the cells through inducing minimum oxidative stress and increasing maximum adapting capacity against oxidative stress-induced damages. The type and intensity of exercise that can produce such positive effects in the cells remain unclear. Therefore, this review discusses how physical exercise can help to produce minimal positive oxidative stress in preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China.
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China
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20
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Karlsen A, Bechshøft RL, Malmgaard‐Clausen NM, Andersen JL, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Lack of muscle fibre hypertrophy, myonuclear addition, and satellite cell pool expansion with resistance training in 83-94-year-old men and women. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13271. [PMID: 30828982 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine satellite cell and myonuclear content in very old (≥83 years) individuals, and the response to heavy resistance training. METHODS A group of very old men and women (Old, 83-94 years, n = 29) was randomized to 12 weeks of heavy resistance training or untrained controls. A group of young men who did not resistance train (Young, 19-27 years, n = 9) were included for comparison. RESULTS Compared to young men, prior to training the old men had smaller type II fibres (-38%, P < 0.001), lower satellite cell content (-52%, P < 0.001), smaller myonuclear domain (-30%, P < 0.001), and a trend for lower myonuclear content (-13%, P = 0.09). Old women were significantly different from old men for these parameters, except for satellite cell content. Resistance training had no effect on these parameters in these old men and women. Fibre-size specific analysis showed strong correlations between fibre size and myonuclei per fibre and between fibre size and myonuclear domain for both fibre types (r = 0.94-0.99, P < 0.0001). In contrast, muscle fibre perimeter per myonucleus seemed to be constant across the range in fibre size, particularly in type I fibres (r = -0.31, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS The present data demonstrate that type II fibre size, satellite cell content and myonuclear domain is significantly smaller in very old men compared to young men, while myonuclear content is less affected. These parameters were not improved with heavy resistance training at the most advanced stage of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rasmus L. Bechshøft
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikolaj M. Malmgaard‐Clausen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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21
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Soendenbroe C, Heisterberg MF, Schjerling P, Karlsen A, Kjaer M, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Molecular indicators of denervation in aging human skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:453-463. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mette F. Heisterberg
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery MBispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Franco I, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Vrtačnik P, Lundberg TR, Eriksson M, Gustafsson T. Healthy skeletal muscle aging: The role of satellite cells, somatic mutations and exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:157-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Muscle morphology and performance in master athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:62-82. [PMID: 29715523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which chronic exercise training preserves age-related decrements in physical function, muscle strength, mass and morphology is unclear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine to what extent chronically trained master athletes (strength/power and endurance) preserve levels of physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass and morphology in older age, compared with older and younger controls and young trained individuals. METHODS The systematic data search included Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. INCLUSION CRITERIA i) master athletes mean exercise training duration ≥20 years ii) master athletes mean age of cohort >59 years) iii) at least one measurement of muscle mass/volume/fibre-type morphology and/or strength/physical function. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were carried out on maximal aerobic capacity, maximal voluntary contraction and body composition. Master endurance athletes (42.0 ± 6.6 ml kg-1 min-1) exhibited VO2max values comparable with young healthy controls (43.1 ± 6.8 ml kg-1 min-1, P = .84), greater than older controls (27.1 ± 4.3 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01) and master strength/power athletes (26.5 ± 2.3 mlkg-1 min-1, P < 0.01), and lower than young endurance trained individuals (60.0 ± 5.4 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01). Master strength/power athletes (0.60 (0.28-0.93) P < 0.01) and young controls (0.71 (0.06-1.36) P < 0.05) were significantly stronger compared with the other groups. Body fat% was greater in master endurance athletes than young endurance trained (-4.44% (-8.44 to -0.43) P < 0.05) but lower compared with older controls (7.11% (5.70-8.52) P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite advancing age, this review suggests that chronic exercise training preserves physical function, muscular strength and body fat levels similar to that of young, healthy individuals in an exercise mode-specific manner.
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Shamim B, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Protein Availability and Satellite Cell Dynamics in Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2018; 48:1329-1343. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
A substantial loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), a decreased regenerative capacity, and a compromised physical performance are hallmarks of aging skeletal muscle. These changes are typically accompanied by impaired muscle metabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. A challenge in the field of muscle aging is to dissociate the effects of chronological aging per se on muscle characteristics from the secondary influence of lifestyle and disease processes. Remarkably, physical activity and exercise are well-established countermeasures against muscle aging, and have been shown to attenuate age-related decreases in muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, and slow or prevent impairments in muscle metabolism. We posit that exercise and physical activity can influence many of the changes in muscle during aging, and thus should be emphasized as part of a lifestyle essential to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
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26
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Mikkelsen U, Agergaard J, Couppé C, Grosset J, Karlsen A, Magnusson S, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Mackey A. Skeletal muscle morphology and regulatory signalling in endurance-trained and sedentary individuals: The influence of ageing. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Nederveen JP, Joanisse S, Snijders T, Ivankovic V, Baker SK, Phillips SM, Parise G. Skeletal muscle satellite cells are located at a closer proximity to capillaries in healthy young compared with older men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:547-554. [PMID: 27239425 PMCID: PMC4864218 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are instrumental in maintenance of muscle fibres, the adaptive responses to exercise, and there is an age-related decline in SC. A spatial relationship exists between SC and muscle fibre capillaries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether chronologic age has an impact on the spatial relationship between SC and muscle fibre capillaries. Secondly, we determined whether this spatial relationship changes in response to a single session of resistance exercise. METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of previously untrained young men (YM, 24 ± 3 years; n = 23) and older men (OM, 67 ± 4 years; n = 22) at rest. A subset of YM (n = 9) performed a single bout of resistance exercise, where additional muscle biopsies taken at 24 and 72 h post-exercise recovery. Skeletal muscle fibre capillarization, SC content, and activation status were assessed using immunofluorescent microscopy of muscle cross sections. RESULTS Type II muscle fibre SC and capillary content was significantly lower in the YM compared with OM (P < 0.05). Furthermore, type II muscle fibre SC were located at a greater distance from the nearest capillary in OM compared with YM (21.6 ± 1.3 vs. 17.0 ± 0.8 µm, respectively; P < 0.05). In response to a single bout of exercise, we observed a significant increase in SC number and activation status (P < 0.05). In addition, activated vs. quiescent SC were situated closer (P < 0.05) to capillaries. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that there is a greater distance between capillaries and type II fibre-associated SC in OM as compared with YM. Furthermore, quiescent SC are located significantly further away from capillaries than active SC after single bout of exercise. Our data have implications for how muscle adapts to exercise and how aging may affect such adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Victoria Ivankovic
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Steven K Baker
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario CanadaL 8S 4L8; Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario CanadaL 8S 4L8
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Abreu P, Mendes SVD, Ceccatto VM, Hirabara SM. Satellite cell activation induced by aerobic muscle adaptation in response to endurance exercise in humans and rodents. Life Sci 2016; 170:33-40. [PMID: 27888112 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the requirement of satellite cells activation and expansion following injury, mechanical load or growth stimulus provoked by resistance exercise has been well established, their function in response to aerobic exercise adaptation remains unclear. A clear relationship between satellite cell expansion in fiber-type specific myosin heavy chain and aerobic performance has been related, independent of myonuclear accretion or muscle growth. However, the trigger for this activation process is not fully understood yet and it seems to be a multi-faceted and well-orchestrated process. Emerging in vitro studies suggest a role for metabolic pathways and oxygen availability for satellite cell activation, modulating the self-renewal potential and cell fate control. The goal of this review is to describe and discuss the current knowledge about the satellite cell activation and expansion in response to aerobic exercise adaptation in human and rodent models. Additionally, findings about the in vitro metabolic control, which seems be involved in the satellite cell activation and cell fate control, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phablo Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, CE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Qaisar R, Bhaskaran S, Van Remmen H. Muscle fiber type diversification during exercise and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:56-67. [PMID: 27032709 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of skeletal muscle can be traced down to extensive metabolic, structural and molecular remodeling at the single fiber level. Skeletal muscle is comprised of different fiber types that are the basis of muscle plasticity in response to various functional demands. Resistance and endurance exercises are two external stimuli that differ in their duration and intensity of contraction and elicit markedly different responses in muscles adaptation. Further, eccentric contractions that are associated with exercise-induced injuries, elicit varied muscle adaptation and regenerative responses. Most adaptive changes are fiber type-specific and are highly influenced by diverse structural, metabolic and functional characteristics of individual fiber types. Regulation of signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress also plays an important role in muscle fiber adaptation during exercise. This review focuses on cellular and molecular responses that regulate the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise and exercise-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Farup J, Dalgas U, Keytsman C, Eijnde BO, Wens I. High Intensity Training May Reverse the Fiber Type Specific Decline in Myogenic Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Physiol 2016; 7:193. [PMID: 27303309 PMCID: PMC4885877 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The myogenic stem cells (satellite cells—SCs) are instrumental to accretion of myonuclei, but remain to be investigated in MS. The present study aimed to compare the SC and myonuclei content between MS patients (n = 23) and age matched healthy controls (HC, n = 18). Furthermore, the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity training on SC and myonuclei content were explored in MS. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. Vastus Lateralis at baseline (MS and HC) and following 12 weeks of training (MS only). Frozen biopsies were sectioned followed by immunohistochemical analysis for fiber type specific SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (MN) and central nuclei content and fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) was quantified using ATPase histochemistry. At baseline the SCs per fiber was lower in type II compared to type I fibers in both MS (119%, p < 0.01) and HC (69%, p < 0.05), whereas the SCs per fCSA was lower in type II fibers compared to type I only in MS (72%, p < 0.05). No differences were observed in MN or central nuclei between MS and HC. Following training the type II fiber SCs per fiber and per fCSA in MS patients increased by 165% (p < 0.05) and 135% (p < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the type II fiber MN content tended (p = 0.06) to be increased by 35% following training. In conclusion, the SC content is lower in type II compared to type I fibers in both MS and HC. Furthermore, high intensity training was observed to selectively increase the SC and myonuclei content in type II fibers in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Farup
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charly Keytsman
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inez Wens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Hoedt A, Christensen B, Nellemann B, Mikkelsen UR, Hansen M, Schjerling P, Farup J. Satellite cell response to erythropoietin treatment and endurance training in healthy young men. J Physiol 2015; 594:727-43. [PMID: 26607845 DOI: 10.1113/jp271333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINT Erythropoietin (Epo) treatment may induce myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) expression and prevent apoptosis in satellite cells (SCs) in murine and in vitro models. Endurance training stimulates SC proliferation in vivo in murine and human skeletal muscle. In the present study, we show, in human skeletal muscle, that treatment with an Epo-stimulating agent (darbepoetin-α) in vivo increases the content of MyoD(+) SCs in healthy young men. Moreover, we report that Epo receptor mRNA is expressed in adult human SCs, suggesting that Epo may directly target SCs through ligand-receptor interaction. Moreover, endurance training, but not Epo treatment, increases the SC content in type II myofibres, as well as the content of MyoD(+) SCs. Collectively, our results suggest that Epo treatment can regulate human SCs in vivo, supported by Epo receptor mRNA expression in human SCs. In effect, long-term Epo treatment during disease conditions involving anaemia may impact SCs and warrants further investigation. Satellite cell (SC) proliferation is observed following erythropoitin treatment in vitro in murine myoblasts and endurance training in vivo in human skeletal muscle. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA; darbepoetin-α) treatment and endurance training, separately and combined, on SC quantity and commitment in human skeletal muscle. Thirty-five healthy, untrained men were randomized into four groups: sedentary-placebo (SP, n = 9), sedentary-ESA (SE, n = 9), training-placebo (TP, n = 9) or training-ESA (TE, n = 8). ESA/placebo was injected once weekly and training consisted of ergometer cycling three times a week for 10 weeks. Prior to and following the intervention period, blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2, max) was measured. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to quantify fibre type specific SCs (Pax7(+)), myonuclei and active SCs (Pax7(+)/MyoD(+)). ESA treatment led to elevated haematocrit, whereas endurance training increased V̇O2, max. Endurance training led to an increase in SCs associated with type II fibres (P < 0.05), whereas type I fibres showed no changes. Both ESA treatment and endurance training increased Pax7(+)/MyoD(+) cells, whereas only ESA treatment increased the total content of MyoD(+) cells. Epo-R mRNA presence in adult SC was tested with real-time RT-PCR using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (CD56(+)/CD45(-)/CD31(-)) to isolate cells from a human rectus abdominis muscle and was found to be considerably higher than in whole muscle. In conclusion, endurance training and ESA treatment may separately stimulate SC commitment to the myogenic program. Furthermore, ESA-treatment may alter SC activity by direct interaction with the Epo-R expressed on SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hoedt
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, NBG/THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nellemann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, NBG/THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Ramer Mikkelsen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean Farup
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nederveen JP, Joanisse S, Séguin CML, Bell KE, Baker SK, Phillips SM, Parise G. The effect of exercise mode on the acute response of satellite cells in old men. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 215:177-90. [PMID: 26367861 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM A dysregulation of satellite cells may contribute to the progressive loss of muscle mass that occurs with age; however, older adults retain the ability to activate and expand their satellite cell pool in response to exercise. The modality of exercise capable of inducing the greatest acute response is unknown. We sought to characterize the acute satellite cell response following different modes of exercise in older adults. METHODS Sedentary older men (n = 22; 67 ± 4 years; 27 ± 2.6 kg*m(-2) ) were randomly assigned to complete an acute bout of either resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise on a cycle ergometer or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 24 and 48 h following each exercise bout. The satellite cell response was analysed using immunofluorescent microscopy of muscle cross sections. RESULTS Satellite cell expansion associated with type I fibres was observed 24 and 48 h following resistance exercise only (P ˂ 0.05), while no expansion of type II-associated satellite cells was observed in any group. There was a greater number of activated satellite cells 24 h following resistance exercise (pre: 1.3 ± 0.1, 24 h: 4.8 ± 0.5 Pax7 + /MyoD+cells/100 fibres) and high-intensity interval exercise (pre: 0.7 ± 0.3, 24 h: 3.1 ± 0.3 Pax7 + /MyoD+cells/100 fibres) (P ˂ 0.05). The percentage of type I-associated SC co-expressing MSTN was reduced only in the RE group 24 h following exercise (pre: 87 ± 4, 24 h: 57 ± 5%MSTN+ type I SC) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although resistance exercise is the most potent exercise type to induce satellite cell pool expansion, high-intensity interval exercise was also more potent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in inducing satellite cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - C. M. L. Séguin
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - K. E. Bell
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. K. Baker
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. M. Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - G. Parise
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Snijders T, Nederveen JP, McKay BR, Joanisse S, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, Parise G. Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle plasticity. Front Physiol 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 26557092 PMCID: PMC4617172 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are considered to play a crucial role in muscle fiber maintenance, repair and remodeling. Our knowledge of the role of satellite cells in muscle fiber adaptation has traditionally relied on in vitro cell and in vivo animal models. Over the past decade, a genuine effort has been made to translate these results to humans under physiological conditions. Findings from in vivo human studies suggest that satellite cells play a key role in skeletal muscle fiber repair/remodeling in response to exercise. Mounting evidence indicates that aging has a profound impact on the regulation of satellite cells in human skeletal muscle. Yet, the precise role of satellite cells in the development of muscle fiber atrophy with age remains unresolved. This review seeks to integrate recent results from in vivo human studies on satellite cell function in muscle fiber repair/remodeling in the wider context of satellite cell biology whose literature is largely based on animal and cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada ; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bryon R McKay
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Karlsen A, Couppé C, Andersen JL, Mikkelsen UR, Nielsen RH, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Matters of fiber size and myonuclear domain: Does size matter more than age? Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:1040-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ulla R. Mikkelsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rie H. Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Farup J, De Lisio M, Rahbek SK, Bjerre J, Vendelbo MH, Boppart MD, Vissing K. Pericyte response to contraction mode-specific resistance exercise training in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1053-63. [PMID: 26404620 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01108.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) are important for muscle repair and hypertrophy in response mechanical stimuli. Neuron-glial antigen 2-positive (NG2(+)) and alkaline phosphatase-positive (ALP(+)) pericytes may provide an alternative source of myogenic progenitors and/or secrete paracrine factors to induce Pax7(+) SC proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate NG2(+) and ALP(+) cell quantity, as well as SC content and activation, in human skeletal muscle following prolonged concentric (Conc) or eccentric (Ecc) resistance training. Male subjects engaged in unilateral resistance training utilizing isolated Ecc or Conc contractions. After 12 wk, muscle biopsies were analyzed for NG2(+) and ALP(+) pericytes, total Pax7(+) SCs, activated SCs (Pax7(+)MyoD(+)), and differentiating myogenic cells (Pax7(-) MyoD(+)). NG2(+) cells localized to CD31(+) vessels and the majority coexpressed ALP. NG2(+) pericyte quantity decreased following both Conc and Ecc training (P < 0.05). ALP(+) pericyte quantity declined following Conc (P < 0.05) but not Ecc training. Conversely, total Pax7(+) SC content was elevated following Conc only (P < 0.001), while Pax7(+)MyoD(+) SC content was increased following Conc and Ecc (P < 0.001). Follow up analyses demonstrated that CD90(+) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα)(+) mononuclear cell proliferation was also increased in response to both Conc and Ecc training (P < 0.01). In summary, resistance training results in a decline in pericyte quantity and an increase in mesenchymal progenitor cell proliferation, and these events likely influence SC pool expansion and increased activation observed posttraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Farup
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; and
| | - Stine Klejs Rahbek
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bjerre
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; and
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
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Molsted S, Andersen JL, Harrison AP, Eidemak I, Mackey AL. Fiber type-specific response of skeletal muscle satellite cells to high-intensity resistance training in dialysis patients. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:736-45. [PMID: 25736589 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high-intensity resistance training on satellite cell (SC) and myonuclear number in the muscle of patients undergoing dialysis. METHODS Patients (n = 21) underwent a 16-week control period, followed by 16 weeks of resistance training 3 times weekly. SC and myonuclear number were determined by immunohistochemistry of vastus lateralis muscle biopsy cross-sections. Knee extension torque was tested in a dynamometer. RESULTS During training, SCs/type I fibers increased by 15%, whereas SCs/type II fibers remained unchanged. Myonuclear content of type II, but not type I, fibers increased with training. Before the control period, the SC content of type II fibers was lower than that of type I fibers, whereas contents were comparable when normalized to fiber area. Torque increased after training. CONCLUSIONS Increased myonuclear content of type II muscle fibers of dialysis patients who perform resistance training suggests that SC dysfunction is not the limiting factor for muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Molsted
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology & Endocrinology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Løvind Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Paul Harrison
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Eidemak
- Department of Nephrology P, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail Louise Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Farup J, Madaro L, Puri PL, Mikkelsen UR. Interactions between muscle stem cells, mesenchymal-derived cells and immune cells in muscle homeostasis, regeneration and disease. Cell Death Dis 2015. [PMID: 26203859 PMCID: PMC4650743 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed the importance of reciprocal functional interactions between different types of mononuclear cells in coordinating the repair of injured muscles. In particular, signals released from the inflammatory infiltrate and from mesenchymal interstitial cells (also known as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs)) appear to instruct muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to break quiescence, proliferate and differentiate. Interestingly, conditions that compromise the functional integrity of this network can bias muscle repair toward pathological outcomes that are typically observed in chronic muscular disorders, that is, fibrotic and fatty muscle degeneration as well as myofiber atrophy. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of this network in physiological and pathological conditions, and anticipate the potential contribution of its cellular components to relatively unexplored conditions, such as aging and physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Farup
- Section for Sports Science, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Madaro
- 1] Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - P L Puri
- 1] Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - U R Mikkelsen
- 1] Section for Sports Science, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Callahan DM, Tourville TW, Miller MS, Hackett SB, Sharma H, Cruickshank NC, Slauterbeck JR, Savage PD, Ades PA, Maughan DW, Beynnon BD, Toth MJ. Chronic disuse and skeletal muscle structure in older adults: sex-specific differences and relationships to contractile function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C932-43. [PMID: 25810256 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00014.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In older adults, we examined the effect of chronic muscle disuse on skeletal muscle structure at the tissue, cellular, organellar, and molecular levels and its relationship to muscle function. Volunteers with advanced-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA, n = 16) were recruited to reflect the effects of chronic lower extremity muscle disuse and compared with recreationally active controls (n = 15) without knee OA but similar in age, sex, and health status. In the OA group, quadriceps muscle and single-fiber cross-sectional area were reduced, with the largest reduction in myosin heavy chain IIA fibers. Myosin heavy chain IIAX fibers were more prevalent in the OA group, and their atrophy was sex-specific: men showed a reduction in cross-sectional area, and women showed no differences. Myofibrillar ultrastructure, myonuclear content, and mitochondrial content and morphology generally did not differ between groups, with the exception of sex-specific adaptations in subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondria, which were driven by lower values in OA women. SS mitochondrial content was also differently related to cellular and molecular functional parameters by sex: greater SS mitochondrial content was associated with improved contractility in women but reduced function in men. Collectively, these results demonstrate sex-specific structural phenotypes at the cellular and organellar levels with chronic disuse in older adults, with novel associations between energetic and contractile systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien M Callahan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Timothy W Tourville
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Sarah B Hackett
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - James R Slauterbeck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Patrick D Savage
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Philip A Ades
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David W Maughan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Bruce D Beynnon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and
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Persson PB. Skeletal muscle satellite cells as myogenic progenitors for muscle homoeostasis, growth, regeneration and repair. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:537-8. [PMID: 25565243 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Fry CS, Noehren B, Mula J, Ubele MF, Westgate PM, Kern PA, Peterson CA. Fibre type-specific satellite cell response to aerobic training in sedentary adults. J Physiol 2014; 592:2625-35. [PMID: 24687582 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of a traditional, 12 week aerobic training protocol on skeletal muscle fibre type distribution and satellite cell content in sedentary subjects. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis [n = 23 subjects (six male and 17 female); body mass index 30.7 ± 1.2 kg m(-2)] before and after 12 weeks of aerobic training performed on a cycle ergometer. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to quantify myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, cross-sectional area and satellite cell and myonuclear content. Following training, a decrease in MyHC hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre frequency occurred, with a concomitant increase in pure MyHC type IIa fibres. Pretraining fibre type correlated with body mass index, and the change in fibre type following training was associated with improvements in maximal oxygen consumption. Twelve weeks of aerobic training also induced increases in mean cross-sectional area in both MyHC type I and type IIa fibres. Satellite cell content was also increased following training, specifically in MyHC type I fibres, with no change in the number of satellite cells associated with MyHC type II fibres. With the increased satellite cell content following training, an increase in myonuclear number per fibre also occurred in MyHC type I fibres. Hypertrophy of MyHC type II fibres occurred without detectable myonuclear addition, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying growth in fast and slow fibres differ. These data provide intriguing evidence for a fibre type-specific role of satellite cells in muscle adaptation following aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Fry
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jyothi Mula
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Margo F Ubele
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip M Westgate
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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42
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The role of satellite cells in muscle hypertrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2014; 35:3-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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