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Tamura Y, Kawashima T, Ji R, Agata N, Itoh Y, Kawakami K. Histological and biochemical changes in lymphatic vessels after skeletal muscle injury induced by lengthening contraction in male mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15950. [PMID: 38355142 PMCID: PMC10866689 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are actively involved in the recovery process of inflamed tissues. However, the changes in intramuscular lymphatic vessels during inflammation caused by skeletal muscle injury remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in lymphatic vessels after skeletal muscle injury. The left tibialis anterior muscles of male mice were subjected to lengthening contractions (LC) for inducing skeletal muscle injury, and samples were collected on Days 2, 4, and 7 for examining changes in both the skeletal muscles and intramuscular lymphatic vessels. With hematoxylin-eosin staining, the inflammatory response was observed in myofibers on Days 2 and 4 after LC, whereas regeneration of myofibers was found on Day 7 after LC. The number and area of intramuscular lymphatic vessels analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 were significantly increased only on Day 4 after LC. Based on the abovementioned results, intramuscular lymphatic vessels undergo morphological changes such as increase under the state of muscle inflammation. This study demonstrated that the morphology of intramuscular lymphatic vessels undergoes significant changes during the initial recovery phase following skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Tamura
- Physical Therapy Research Field, Graduate School of MedicineOita UniversityYufuJapan
| | - Takafumi Kawashima
- Department of RehabilitationAkeno‐Central HospitalOitaJapan
- Faculty of Welfare and Health ScienceOita UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Rui‐Cheng Ji
- Physical Therapy Research Field, Graduate School of MedicineOita UniversityYufuJapan
- Faculty of Welfare and Health ScienceOita UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Nobuhide Agata
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTokoha UniversityHamamatsuJapan
| | - Yuta Itoh
- Faculty of Rehabilitation ScienceNagoya Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Physical Therapy Research Field, Graduate School of MedicineOita UniversityYufuJapan
- Faculty of Welfare and Health ScienceOita UniversityOitaJapan
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Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Craveiro RB, Bock A, Wolf M, Pufe T, Jahr H, Suhr F. The Contribution of the Nrf2/ARE System to Mechanotransduction in Musculoskeletal and Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097722. [PMID: 37175428 PMCID: PMC10177782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing plays an essential role in maintaining tissue functions. Across the human body, several tissues (i.e., striated muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, as well as cartilage) require mechanical loading to exert their physiological functions. Contrary, mechanical unloading triggers pathological remodeling of these tissues and, consequently, human body dysfunctions. At the cellular level, both mechanical loading and unloading regulate a wide spectrum of cellular pathways. Among those, pathways regulated by oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent an essential node critically controlling tissue organization and function. Hence, a sensitive balance between the generation and elimination of oxidants keeps them within a physiological range. Here, the Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) system plays an essential role as it constitutes the major cellular regulation against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stresses. Dysregulations of this system advance, i.a., liver, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases. Herein, we extend our comprehension of the Nrf2 system to the aforementioned mechanically sensitive tissues to explore its role in their physiology and pathology. We demonstrate the relevance of it for the tissues' functionality and highlight the imperative to further explore the Nrf2 system to understand the physiology and pathology of mechanically sensitive tissues in the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Division of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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Ruliffson BNK, Whittington CF. Regulating Lymphatic Vasculature in Fibrosis: Understanding the Biology to Improve the Modeling. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200158. [PMID: 36792967 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in many chronic diseases with lymphatic vascular insufficiency (e.g., kidney disease, tumors, and lymphedema). New lymphatic capillary growth can be triggered by fibrosis-related tissue stiffening and soluble factors, but questions remain for how related biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical cues affect lymphatic vascular growth and function. The current preclinical standard for studying lymphatics is animal modeling, but in vitro and in vivo outcomes often do not align. In vitro models can also be limited in their ability to separate vascular growth and function as individual outcomes, and fibrosis is not traditionally included in model design. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to address in vitro limitations and mimic microenvironmental features that impact lymphatic vasculature. This review discusses fibrosis-related lymphatic vascular growth and function in disease and the current state of in vitro lymphatic vascular models while highlighting relevant knowledge gaps. Additional insights into the future of in vitro lymphatic vascular models demonstrate how prioritizing fibrosis alongside lymphatics will help capture the complexity and dynamics of lymphatics in disease. Overall, this review aims to emphasize that an advanced understanding of lymphatics within a fibrotic disease-enabled through more accurate preclinical modeling-will significantly impact therapeutic development toward restoring lymphatic vessel growth and function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N K Ruliffson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Catherine F Whittington
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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Rojo‐García AV, Vanmunster M, Pacolet A, Suhr F. Physical inactivity by tail suspension alters markers of metabolism, structure, and autophagy of the mouse heart. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15574. [PMID: 36695670 PMCID: PMC9875748 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior has become ingrained in our society and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Physical inactivity is the main characteristic of sedentary behavior. However, its impact on cardiovascular disease is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of physical inactivity in an established mouse model on gene clusters associated with cardiac fibrosis, electrophysiology, cell regeneration, and tissue degradation/turnover. We investigated a sedentary group (CTR, n = 10) versus a tail suspension group (TS, n = 11) that caused hindlimb unloading and consequently physical inactivity. Through histological, protein content, and transcript analysis approaches, we found that cardiac fibrosis-related genes partly change, with significant TS-associated increases in Tgfb1, but without changes in Col1a1 and Fn1. These changes are not translated into fibrosis at tissue level. We further detected TS-mediated increases in protein degradation- (Trim63, p < 0.001; Fbxo32, p = 0.0947 as well as in biosynthesis-related [P70s6kb1, p < 0.01]). Corroborating these results, we found increased expression of autophagy markers such as Atg7 (p < 0.01) and ULK1 (p < 0.05). Two cardiomyocyte regeneration- and sarcomerogenesis-related genes, Yap (p = 0.0535) and Srf (p < 0.001), increased upon TS compared to CTR conditions. Finally, we found significant upregulation of Gja1 (p < 0.05) and a significant downregulation of Aqp1 (p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that merely 2 weeks of reduced physical activity induce changes in genes associated with cardiac structure and electrophysiology. Hence, these data should find the basis for novel research directed to evaluate the interplay of cardiac functioning and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Vanmunster
- Department of Movement SciencesExercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alexander Pacolet
- Department of Movement SciencesExercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Movement SciencesExercise Physiology Research Group, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Andresen B, de Marees M, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Suhr F. Skeletal muscle fiber type-specific expressions of mechanosensors integrin-linked kinase, talin, and vinculin and their modulation by loading and environmental conditions in humans. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22458. [PMID: 35867073 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101377rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensors control muscle integrity as demonstrated in mice. However, no information is available in human muscle about the distribution of mechanosensors and their adaptations to mechanical loading and environmental conditions (hypoxia). Here, we hypothesized that mechanosensors show fiber-type-specific distributions and that loading and environmental conditions specifically regulate mechanosensors. We randomly subjected 28 healthy males to one of the following groups (n = 7 each) consisting of nine loading sessions within 3 weeks: normoxia moderate (NM), normoxia intensive (NI), hypoxia moderate (HM), and hypoxia intensive (HI). We took six biopsies: pre (T0), 4 h (T1), and 24 h (T2) after the third as well as 4 h (T3), 24 h (T4), and 72 h (T5) after the ninth training session. We analyzed subjects' maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max), maximal power output (Pmax), muscle fiber types and cross-sectional areas (CSA), fiber-type-specific integrin-linked kinase (ILK) localizations as well as ILK, vinculin and talin protein and gene expressions in dependence on loading and environmental conditions. V̇O2 max increased upon NM and HM, Pmax upon all interventions. Fiber types did not change, whereas CSA increased upon NI and HI, but decreased upon HM. ILK showed a type 2-specific fiber type localization. ILK, vinculin, and talin protein and gene expressions differed depending on loading and environmental conditions. Our data demonstrate that mechanosensors show fiber type-specific distributions and that exercise intensities rather than environmental variables influence their profiles in human muscles. These data are the first of their kind in human muscle and indicate that mechanosensors manage the mechanosensing at a fiber-type-specific resolution and that the intensity of mechanical stimulation has a major impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Andresen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus de Marees
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bei Y, Huang Z, Feng X, Li L, Wei M, Zhu Y, Liu S, Chen C, Yin M, Jiang H, Xiao J. Lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:466-478. [PMID: 35218948 PMCID: PMC9338339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting cardiac lymphangiogenesis exerts beneficial effects for the heart. Exercise can induce physiological cardiac growth with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased proliferation markers in cardiomyocytes. However, it remains unclear whether and how lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. METHODS Adult C57BL6/J mice were subjected to 3 weeks of swimming exercise to induce physiological cardiac growth. Oral treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitor SAR131675 was used to investigate whether cardiac lymphangiogenesis was required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation. Furthermore, human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-conditioned medium was collected to culture isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to determine whether and how LECs could influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. RESULTS Swimming exercise induced physiological cardiac growth accompanied by a remarkable increase of cardiac lymphangiogenesis as evidenced by increased density of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1-positive lymphatic vessels in the heart and upregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin expressions levels. VEGFR3 was upregulated in the exercised heart, while VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 attenuated exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth as evidenced by blunted myocardial hypertrophy and reduced proliferation marker Ki67 in cardiomyocytes, which was correlated with reduced lymphatic vessel density and downregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in the heart upon exercise. Furthermore, LEC-conditioned medium promoted both hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and contained higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and the extracellular protein Reelin, while LEC-conditioned medium from LECs treated with SAR131675 blocked these effects. Functional rescue assays further demonstrated that protein kinase B (AKT) activation, as well as reduced CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and increased CBP/p300-interacting transactivators with E (glutamic acid)/D (aspartic acid)-rich-carboxylterminal domain 4 (CITED4), contributed to the promotive effect of LEC-conditioned medium on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that cardiac lymphangiogenesis is required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation, and they indicate that LEC-conditioned medium promotes both physiological hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes through AKT activation and the C/EBPβ-CITED4 axis. These results highlight the essential roles of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mingming Yin
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Dozic S, Janssens JV, Weeks KL. Lymphangiogenesis: A new player in the heart's adaptive response to exercise. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:421-423. [PMID: 35346873 PMCID: PMC9338332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Dozic
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Johannes V Janssens
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Vanmunster M, Rojo Garcia AV, Pacolet A, Dalle S, Koppo K, Jonkers I, Lories R, Suhr F. Mechanosensors control skeletal muscle mass, molecular clocks, and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:321. [PMID: 35622133 PMCID: PMC11072145 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscles (SkM) are mechanosensitive, with mechanical unloading resulting in muscle-devastating conditions and altered metabolic properties. However, it remains unexplored whether these atrophic conditions affect SkM mechanosensors and molecular clocks, both crucial for their homeostasis and consequent physiological metabolism. METHODS We induced SkM atrophy through 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) in 10 male C57BL/6J mice and 10 controls (CTR). SkM histology, gene expressions and protein levels of mechanosensors, molecular clocks and metabolism-related players were examined in the m. Gastrocnemius and m. Soleus. Furthermore, we genetically reduced the expression of mechanosensors integrin-linked kinase (Ilk1) and kindlin-2 (Fermt2) in myogenic C2C12 cells and analyzed the gene expression of mechanosensors, clock components and metabolism-controlling genes. RESULTS Upon hindlimb suspension, gene expression levels of both core molecular clocks and mechanosensors were moderately upregulated in m. Gastrocnemius but strongly downregulated in m. Soleus. Upon unloading, metabolism- and protein biosynthesis-related genes were moderately upregulated in m. Gastrocnemius but downregulated in m. Soleus. Furthermore, we identified very strong correlations between mechanosensors, metabolism- and circadian clock-regulating genes. Finally, genetically induced downregulations of mechanosensors Ilk1 and Fermt2 caused a downregulated mechanosensor, molecular clock and metabolism-related gene expression in the C2C12 model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data shed new lights on mechanisms that control muscle loss. Mechanosensors are identified to crucially control these processes, specifically through commanding molecular clock components and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vanmunster
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Victoria Rojo Garcia
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Pacolet
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Dalle
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Qiu Y, Pan X, Chen Y, Xiao J. Hallmarks of exercised heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:126-135. [PMID: 34914934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise in humans on the heart have been well recognized for many years. Long-term endurance exercise training can induce physiologic cardiac hypertrophy with normal or enhanced heart function, and provide protective benefits in preventing heart failure. The heart-specific responses that occur during exercise are complex and highly variable. This review mainly focuses on the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac adaptations to exercise as well as molecular pathways and signaling proteins responsible for these changes. Here, we summarize eight tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of the exercised heart. These hallmarks are: cardiomyocyte growth, cardiomyocyte fate reprogramming, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, mitochondrial remodeling, epigenetic alteration, enhanced endothelial function, quiescent cardiac fibroblast, and improved cardiac metabolism. A major challenge is to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for cardio-protective effects of exercise, and to identify therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Kawashima T, Ji RC, Itoh Y, Agata N, Sasai N, Murakami T, Sokabe M, Hamada F, Kawakami K. Morphological and biochemical changes of lymphatic vessels in the soleus muscle of mice after hindlimb unloading. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:620-628. [PMID: 34409627 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Lymphatic vessels are responsible for the removal of metabolic waste from body tissues. They also play a crucial role in skeletal muscle functioning thorough their high-energy metabolism. In this study we investigated whether disuse muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading is associated with an alteration in the number of lymphatic vessels and differential expression of lymphangiogenic factors in the soleus muscle. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to tail suspension (TS) for 2 or 4 weeks to induce soleus muscle atrophy. After TS, lymphatic and blood capillaries in the soleus muscle were visualized and counted by double staining with LYVE-1 and CD31. The protein and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 were measured by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS TS for 2 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in the number of blood capillaries compared with controls. However, there was no significant change in the number of lymphatic capillaries. By contrast, TS for 4 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in the number of lymphatic and blood capillaries. We observed a significant decrease in the mRNA levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in mice subjected to TS for 4 weeks. DISCUSSION The decrease of intramuscular lymphatic vessels may a crucial role in the process of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kawashima
- Department of Human Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Rui-Cheng Ji
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuta Itoh
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Agata
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sasai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medical Science & Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Taro Murakami
- Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Ohbu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hamada
- Department of Human Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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11
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Xie J, Xu Y, Chen H, Chi M, He J, Li M, Liu H, Xia J, Guan Q, Guo Z, Yan H. Identification of population-level differentially expressed genes in one-phenotype data. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:4283-4290. [PMID: 32428201 PMCID: PMC7520039 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation For some specific tissues, such as the heart and brain, normal controls are difficult to obtain. Thus, studies with only a particular type of disease samples (one phenotype) cannot be analyzed using common methods, such as significance analysis of microarrays, edgeR and limma. The RankComp algorithm, which was mainly developed to identify individual-level differentially expressed genes (DEGs), can be applied to identify population-level DEGs for the one-phenotype data but cannot identify the dysregulation directions of DEGs. Results Here, we optimized the RankComp algorithm, termed PhenoComp. Compared with RankComp, PhenoComp provided the dysregulation directions of DEGs and had more robust detection power in both simulated and real one-phenotype data. Moreover, using the DEGs detected by common methods as the ‘gold standard’, the results showed that the DEGs detected by PhenoComp using only one-phenotype data were comparable to those identified by common methods using case-control samples, independent of the measurement platform. PhenoComp also exhibited good performance for weakly differential expression signal data. Availability and implementation The PhenoComp algorithm is available on the web at https://github.com/XJJ-student/PhenoComp. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Meirong Chi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
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12
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Oliver G, Kipnis J, Randolph GJ, Harvey NL. The Lymphatic Vasculature in the 21 st Century: Novel Functional Roles in Homeostasis and Disease. Cell 2020; 182:270-296. [PMID: 32707093 PMCID: PMC7392116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have two specialized vascular circulatory systems: the blood vasculature and the lymphatic vasculature. The lymphatic vasculature is a unidirectional conduit that returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays major roles in immune cell trafficking and lipid absorption. As we discuss in this review, the molecular characterization of lymphatic vascular development and our understanding of this vasculature's role in pathophysiological conditions has greatly improved in recent years, changing conventional views about the roles of the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. Morphological or functional defects in the lymphatic vasculature have now been uncovered in several pathological conditions. We propose that subtle asymptomatic alterations in lymphatic vascular function could underlie the variability seen in the body's response to a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Assessing functional status of cardiac lymphatics: From macroscopic imaging to molecular profiling. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:333-338. [PMID: 32592746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe various techniques for visualization of the lymphatic vasculature, particularly in the heart. Addressing macro-, microscopic, and molecular levels of lymphatic organization, we give examples of how to explore the roles of specific antigens/markers expressed in lymphatic vessels and their extracellular matrix as structural and functional elements involved in various biological functions of lymphatics. Some obstacles and technical challenges related to lymphatic visualization are also discussed.
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14
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Moo EK, Herzog W. Sarcomere Lengths Become More Uniform Over Time in Intact Muscle-Tendon Unit During Isometric Contractions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:448. [PMID: 32477162 PMCID: PMC7235410 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The seemingly uniform striation pattern of skeletal muscles, quantified in terms of sarcomere lengths (SLs), is inherently non-uniform across all hierarchical levels. The SL non-uniformity theory has been used to explain the force creep in isometric contractions, force depression following shortening of activated muscle, and residual force enhancement following lengthening of activated muscle. Our understanding of sarcomere contraction dynamics has been derived primarily from in vitro experiments using regular bright-field light microscopy or laser diffraction techniques to measure striation/diffraction patterns in isolated muscle fibers or myofibrils. However, the collagenous extracellular matrices present around the muscle fibers, as well as the complex architecture in the whole muscles may lead to different contraction dynamics of sarcomeres than seen in the in vitro studies. Here, we used multi-photon excitation microscopy to visualize in situ individual sarcomeres in intact muscle tendon units (MTUs) of mouse tibialis anterior (TA), and quantified the temporal changes of SL distribution as a function of SLs in relaxed and maximally activated muscles for quasi-steady state, fixed-end isometric conditions. The corresponding muscle forces were simultaneously measured using a force transducer. We found that SL non-uniformity, quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of SLs, decreased at a rate of 1.9–3.1%/s in the activated muscles, but remained constant in the relaxed muscles. The force loss during the quasi-steady state likely did not play a role in the decrease of SL non-uniformity, as similar force losses were found in the activated and relaxed muscles, but the CV of SLs in the relaxed muscles underwent negligible change over time. We conclude that sarcomeres in the mid-belly of maximally contracting whole muscles constantly re-organize their lengths into a more uniform pattern over time. The molecular mechanisms accounting for SL non-uniformity appear to differ in active and passive muscles, and need further elucidation, as do the functional implications of the SL non-uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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15
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Gancz D, Perlmoter G, Yaniv K. Formation and Growth of Cardiac Lymphatics during Embryonic Development, Heart Regeneration, and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037176. [PMID: 31818858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in regulating fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance, and lipid transport. As is in most of the body's organs, the heart possesses an extensive lymphatic network. Moreover, a robust lymphangiogenic response has been shown to take place following myocardial infarction, highlighting cardiac lymphatics as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Yet, the unique molecular properties and functions of the heart's lymphatic system have only recently begun to be addressed. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the formation and growth of cardiac lymphatics during embryonic development and describe their characteristics across species. We further summarize recent findings highlighting diverse cellular origins for cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells and how they integrate to form a single functional lymphatic network. Finally, we outline novel therapeutic avenues aimed at enhancing lymphatic vessel formation and integrity following cardiac injury, which hold great promise for promoting healing of the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gancz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gal Perlmoter
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature, which accompanies the blood vasculature in most organs, is indispensable in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and nutritional lipid uptake and transport, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport. In this Review, we discuss the physiological role of the lymphatic system in the heart in the maintenance of cardiac health and describe alterations in lymphatic structure and function that occur in cardiovascular pathology, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. We also briefly discuss the role that immune cells might have in the regulation of lymphatic growth (lymphangiogenesis) and function. Finally, we provide examples of how the cardiac lymphatics can be targeted therapeutically to restore lymphatic drainage in the heart to limit myocardial oedema and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Brakenhielm
- Normandy University, UniRouen, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Mathes S, Vanmunster M, Bloch W, Suhr F. Evidence for skeletal muscle fiber type-specific expressions of mechanosensors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2987-3004. [PMID: 30701284 PMCID: PMC11105595 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensors govern muscle tissue integrity and constitute a subcellular structure known as costameres. Costameres physically link the muscle extracellular matrix to contractile and signaling 'hubs' inside muscle fibers mainly via integrins and are localized beneath sarcolemmas of muscle fibers. Costameres are the main mechanosensors converting mechanical cues into biological events. However, the fiber type-specific costamere architecture in muscles is unexplored. We hypothesized that fiber types differ in the expression of genes coding for costamere components. By coupling laser microdissection to a multiplex tandem qPCR approach, we demonstrate that type 1 and type 2 fibers indeed show substantial differences in their mechanosensor complexes. We confirmed these data by fiber type population-specific protein analysis and confocal microscopy-based localization studies. We further show that knockdown of the costamere gene integrin-linked kinase (Ilk) in muscle precursor cells results in significantly increased slow-myosin-coding Myh7 gene, while the fast-myosin-coding genes Myh1, Myh2, and Myh4 are downregulated. In parallel, protein synthesis-enhancing signaling molecules (p-mTORSer2448, p < 0.05; p-P70S6KThr389, tendency with p < 0.1) were reduced upon Ilk knockdown. However, overexpression of slow type-inducing NFATc1 in muscle precursor cells did not change Ilk or other costamere gene expressions. In addition, we demonstrate fiber type-specific costamere gene regulation upon mechanical loading and unloading conditions. Our data imply that costamere genes, such as Ilk, are involved in the control of muscle fiber characteristics. Further, they identify costameres as muscle fiber type-specific loading management 'hubs' and may explain adaptation differences of muscle fiber types to mechanical (un)loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mathes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Vanmunster
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Recent advances and new insights into muscular lymphangiogenesis in health and disease. Life Sci 2018; 211:261-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Bondke Persson
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
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20
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Pingel J, Suhr F. Are mechanically sensitive regulators involved in the function and (patho)physiology of cerebral palsy-related contractures? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:317-330. [PMID: 29190010 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is mechanosensitive, as it is able to sense mechanical impacts and to translate these into biochemical signals making the tissue adapt. Among its mechanosensitive nature, skeletal muscle tissue is the largest metabolic organ of the human body. Disturbances in skeletal muscle mechanosensing and metabolism cause and contribute to many diseases, i.e. muscular dystrophies/myopathies, cardiovascular diseases, COPD or diabetes mellitus type 2. A less commonly focused muscle-related disorder is clinically known as muscle contractures that derive from cerebral palsy (CP) conditions in young and adults. Muscle contractures are characterized by gradually increasing passive muscle stiffness resulting in complete fixation of joints. Different mechanisms have been identified in CP-related contractures, i.e. altered calcium handling, altered metabolism or altered titin regulation. The muscle-related extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically collagens, plays a role in CP-related contractures. Herein, we focus on mechanically sensitive complexes, known as costameres (Cstms), and discuss their potential role in CP-related contractures. We extend our discussion to the ECM due to the limited knowledge of its role in CP-related contractures. The aims of this review are (1) to summarize CP-related contracture mechanisms, (2) to raise novel hypotheses on the genesis of contractures with a focus on Cstms, and (3) to stimulate novel approaches to study CP-related contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Motor Control Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Hillmeister P, Buschmann E, Persson PB, Bondke Persson A. Exercise for healthy flow. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:3-8. [PMID: 27863044 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Hillmeister
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Clinic Brandenburg, Medical University Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - E. Buschmann
- Department for Angiology; Center for Internal Medicine I; Clinic Brandenburg, Medical University Brandenburg (MHB); Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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22
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Dashkevich A. Training-related changes in muscular and myocardial lymphangiogenesis: how to train the drain? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:11-2. [PMID: 26857790 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dashkevich
- Cardiac Surgery; University Hospital Munich; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
- Cardiac Surgery; Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Transplantation Laboratory; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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