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Kubekina MV, Kalinina AA, Korshunova DS, Bruter AV, Silaeva YY. Models of mitochondrial dysfunction with inducible expression of Polg pathogenic mutant variant. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions, which underlie many systemic diseases in animals and humans, may arise from accumulation of mutations in the mitochondrial genome. PolG-alpha enzyme encoded by Polg gene is crucial for replication and repair of the mitochondrial genome. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of Polg mutations in mitochondrial dysfunctions using in vitro and in vivo animal models. The experiments involved transgenic mice with inducible expression of Polg mutant variant; the methods included cell culture, real time PCR assay, fluorescence flow cytometry, and skeletal muscle functional tests. The results indicate that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing Polg pathogenic mutant variant have decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased expression of mitophagy markers compared with control cultures. Transgenic animals with systemic expression of the pathogenic variant develop mitochondrial dysfunction which significantly affects muscular performance. In addition, systemic expression of mutated Polg in transgenic animals significantly inhibits expression of TCR subunit α and CD3 coreceptor complex subunits δ and ε in total splenocyte populations and significantly affects cellularity of the thymus without altering its CD4/CD8 subpopulation ratio. Thus, inducible expression of mutated Polg in transgenic animals provides a relevant model for studying mitochondrial dysfunction and its treatment in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AA Kalinina
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - AV Bruter
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - YY Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
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Moreno Fernández-Ayala DJ, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111147. [PMID: 33171276 PMCID: PMC7648491 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, all of them age-associated diseases, increase the severity and lethality of COVID-19. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and COVID-19 risk factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with defective immunological response to viral infections and chronic inflammation. This review discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with defective immune response in aging and different age-related diseases, and with many of the comorbidities associated with poor prognosis in the progression of COVID-19. We suggest here that chronic inflammation caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible of the explosive release of inflammatory cytokines causing severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death in COVID-19 patients. Preventive treatments based on therapies improving mitochondrial turnover, dynamics and activity would be essential to protect against COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Moreno Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Kneppers A, Leermakers P, Pansters N, Backx E, Gosker H, van Loon L, Schols A, Langen R, Verdijk L. Coordinated regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic plasticity during recovery from disuse. FASEB J 2018; 33:1288-1298. [PMID: 30133324 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701403rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration after disuse is essential for muscle maintenance and involves the regulation of both mass- and metabolic plasticity-related processes. However, the relation between these processes during recovery from disuse remains unclear. In this study, we explored the potential interrelationship between the molecular regulation of muscle mass and oxidative metabolism during recovery from disuse. Molecular profiles were measured in biopsies from the vastus lateralis of healthy men after 1-leg cast immobilization and after 1 wk reloading, and in mouse gastrocnemius obtained before and after hindlimb suspension and during reloading (RL-1, -2, -3, -5, and -8 d). Cluster analysis of the human recovery response revealed correlations between myogenesis and autophagy markers in 2 clusters, which were distinguished by the presence of markers of early myogenesis, autophagosome formation, and mitochondrial turnover vs. markers of late myogenesis, autophagy initiation, and mitochondrial mass. In line with these findings, an early transient increase in B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting protein-3 and sequestosome-1 protein, and GABA type A receptor-associated protein like-1 protein and mRNA and a late increase in myomaker and myosin heavy chain-8 mRNA, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II:I ratio, and FUN14 domain-containing-1 mRNA and protein were observed in mice. In summary, the regulatory profiles of protein, mitochondrial, and myonuclear turnover are correlated and temporally associated, suggesting a coordinated regulation of muscle mass- and oxidative metabolism-related processes during recovery from disuse.-Kneppers, A., Leermakers, P., Pansters, N., Backx, E., Gosker, H., van Loon, L., Schols, A., Langen, R., Verdijk, L. Coordinated regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic plasticity during recovery from disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kneppers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Pieter Leermakers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Nicholas Pansters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Evelien Backx
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Luc van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ramon Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Lex Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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