1
|
Arancibia F, De Giorgis D, Medina F, Hermosilla T, Simon F, Varela D. Role of the Ca V1.2 distal carboxy terminus in the regulation of L-type current. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2338782. [PMID: 38691022 PMCID: PMC11067984 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2338782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type calcium channels are essential for the excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. The CaV1.2 channel is the most predominant isoform in the ventricle which consists of a multi-subunit membrane complex that includes the CaV1.2 pore-forming subunit and auxiliary subunits like CaVα2δ and CaVβ2b. The CaV1.2 channel's C-terminus undergoes proteolytic cleavage, and the distal C-terminal domain (DCtermD) associates with the channel core through two domains known as proximal and distal C-terminal regulatory domain (PCRD and DCRD, respectively). The interaction between the DCtermD and the remaining C-terminus reduces the channel activity and modifies voltage- and calcium-dependent inactivation mechanisms, leading to an autoinhibitory effect. In this study, we investigate how the interaction between DCRD and PCRD affects the inactivation processes and CaV1.2 activity. We expressed a 14-amino acid peptide miming the DCRD-PCRD interaction sequence in both heterologous systems and cardiomyocytes. Our results show that overexpression of this small peptide can displace the DCtermD and replicate the effects of the entire DCtermD on voltage-dependent inactivation and channel inhibition. However, the effect on calcium-dependent inactivation requires the full DCtermD and is prevented by overexpression of calmodulin. In conclusion, our results suggest that the interaction between DCRD and PCRD is sufficient to bring about the current inhibition and alter the voltage-dependent inactivation, possibly in an allosteric manner. Additionally, our data suggest that the DCtermD competitively modifies the calcium-dependent mechanism. The identified peptide sequence provides a valuable tool for further dissecting the molecular mechanisms that regulate L-type calcium channels' basal activity in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Arancibia
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela De Giorgis
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Medina
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Hermosilla
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Allam S, Levenson-Palmer R, Chia Chang Z, Kaur S, Cernuda B, Raman A, Booth A, Dobbins S, Suppa G, Yang J, Buraei Z. Inactivation influences the extent of inhibition of voltage-gated Ca +2 channels by Gem-implications for channelopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1155976. [PMID: 37654674 PMCID: PMC10466392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) directly control muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release, and slower processes such as cell differentiation, migration, and death. They are potently inhibited by RGK GTP-ases (Rem, Rem2, Rad, and Gem/Kir), which decrease Ca2+ channel membrane expression, as well as directly inhibit membrane-resident channels. The mechanisms of membrane-resident channel inhibition are difficult to study because RGK-overexpression causes complete or near complete channel inhibition. Using titrated levels of Gem expression in Xenopus oocytes to inhibit WT P/Q-type calcium channels by ∼50%, we show that inhibition is dependent on channel inactivation. Interestingly, fast-inactivating channels, including Familial Hemiplegic Migraine mutants, are more potently inhibited than WT channels, while slow-inactivating channels, such as those expressed with the Cavβ2a auxiliary subunit, are spared. We found similar results in L-type channels, and, remarkably, Timothy Syndrome mutant channels were insensitive to Gem inhibition. Further results suggest that RGKs slow channel recovery from inactivation and further implicate RGKs as likely modulating factors in channelopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Allam
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rose Levenson-Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Sukhjinder Kaur
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryan Cernuda
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ananya Raman
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Audrey Booth
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Dobbins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabrielle Suppa
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zafir Buraei
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miranda DR, Voss AA, Bannister RA. Into the spotlight: RGK proteins in skeletal muscle. Cell Calcium 2021; 98:102439. [PMID: 34261001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The RGK (Rad, Rem, Rem2 and Gem/Kir) family of small GTPases are potent endogenous inhibitors of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). While the impact of RGK proteins on cardiac physiology has been investigated extensively, much less is known regarding their influence on skeletal muscle biology. Thus, the purpose of this article is to establish a basis for future investigation into the role of RGK proteins in regulating the skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling complex via modulation of the L-type CaV1.1 VGCC. The pathological consequences of elevated muscle RGK protein expression in Type II Diabetes, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy and traumatic nerve injury are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, 235A Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Andrew A Voss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, 235A Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Roger A Bannister
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brewer KR, Kuenze G, Vanoye CG, George AL, Meiler J, Sanders CR. Structures Illuminate Cardiac Ion Channel Functions in Health and in Long QT Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550. [PMID: 32431610 PMCID: PMC7212895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac action potential is critical to the production of a synchronized heartbeat. This electrical impulse is governed by the intricate activity of cardiac ion channels, among them the cardiac voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels KCNQ1 and hERG as well as the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel encoded by SCN5A. Each channel performs a highly distinct function, despite sharing a common topology and structural components. These three channels are also the primary proteins mutated in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), a genetic condition that predisposes to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death due to impaired repolarization of the action potential and has a particular proclivity for reentrant ventricular arrhythmias. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of human KCNQ1 and hERG, along with the rat homolog of SCN5A and other mammalian sodium channels, provide atomic-level insight into the structure and function of these proteins that advance our understanding of their distinct functions in the cardiac action potential, as well as the molecular basis of LQTS. In this review, the gating, regulation, LQTS mechanisms, and pharmacological properties of KCNQ1, hERG, and SCN5A are discussed in light of these recent structural findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Brewer
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carlos G. Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|