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Li TT, Wang HY, Zhang H, Zhang PP, Zhang MC, Feng HY, Duan XY, Liu WB, Wang XW, Sun ZG. Effect of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1121036. [PMID: 37122322 PMCID: PMC10132211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreathing exercises improve oxidative stress in healthy young adults and patients with diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, the mechanism of respiratory intervention is controversial. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans and provide evidence for the clinical application of breathing exercises.MethodsThe Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WANFANG databases were searched for studies about the effects of breathing exercises on human oxidative stress levels, with no restraints regarding time, race, or language. The experimental group included various breathing exercises, and the outcome index included malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, nitric oxide, vitamin C, or total antioxidant capacity levels from a randomized controlled trial. Data were extracted by more than two authors and reviewed by one author.ResultsTen studies were included from five countries. Data from patients with no disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, or diabetes were included. Participants who performed breathing exercises had greater changes in the included biomarkers than those who did not, suggesting that these biomarkers can be used to evaluate oxidative stress after respiratory interventions.ConclusionBreathing exercises increased SOD and GSH activities and decreased MDA content.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022337119, identifier CRD42022337119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-ting Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong-ying Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ping-ping Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ming-chen Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hai-yang Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-yong Duan
- Weifang People’s Hospital and Brain Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wen-bo Liu
- School of First Clinical Medical, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-wen Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Xiao-wen Wang,
| | - Zhong-guang Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-guang Sun,
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2
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Lim AY, Chen YC, Hsu CC, Fu TC, Wang JS. The Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12559. [PMID: 36293409 PMCID: PMC9603958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included “mitochondria”, “exercise”, “aerobic capacity”, and “cardiovascular disease” in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yin Lim
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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3
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Facioli TDP, Buranello MC, Regueiro EMG, Basso-Vanelli RP, Durand MDT. Effect of Physical Training on Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: An Integrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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4
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Groeneveld K. Physical exercise-A toxin-free complement to cancer therapy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13606. [PMID: 33336496 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Edwards JJ, Taylor KA, Cottam C, Jalaludeen N, Coleman DA, Wiles JD, Sharma R, O'Driscoll JM. Ambulatory blood pressure adaptations to high-intensity interval training: a randomized controlled study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:341-348. [PMID: 33031171 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality globally. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective nonpharmacological intervention for the reduction of clinic blood pressure (BP), very little research exists regarding its effects on ambulatory BP. The aim of this study was to measure alterations in ambulatory and clinic BP following HIIT in physically inactive adults. METHODS Forty-one participants (22.8 ± 2.7 years) were randomly assigned to a 4-week HIIT intervention or control group. The HIIT protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer set against a resistance of 7.5% bodyweight and consisted of 3 × 30-s maximal sprints separated with 2-min active recovery. Clinic and ambulatory BP was recorded pre and post the control period and HIIT intervention. RESULTS Following the HIIT intervention, 24-h ambulatory BP significantly decreased by 5.1 mmHg in sBP and 2.3 mmHg in dBP (P = 0.011 and 0.012, respectively), compared with the control group. In addition, clinic sBP significantly decreased by 6.6 mmHg compared with the control group (P = 0.021), with no significant changes in dBP and mean BP (mBP). Finally, 24-h ambulatory diastolic, daytime sBP, mBP and dBP, and night-time sBP and mBP variability significantly decreased post-HIIT compared with the control group. CONCLUSION HIIT remains an effective intervention for the management of BP. Our findings support enduring BP reduction and improved BP variability, which are important independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Edwards
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Katrina A Taylor
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Christian Cottam
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Navazh Jalaludeen
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Damian A Coleman
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Jonathan D Wiles
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury
- Department of Cardiology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Baasch-Skytte T, Gunnarsson TP, Fiorenza M, Bangsbo J. Skeletal muscle proteins important for work capacity are altered with type 2 diabetes - Effect of 10-20-30 training. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14681. [PMID: 33426802 PMCID: PMC7797308 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined whether men with type 2 diabetes exhibit lower expression of muscle proteins important for exercise capacity, and whether exercise training promotes adaptations in these proteins. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, conducted at the University of Copenhagen. Twelve men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were compared to eleven nondiabetes counterparts (ND) matched for age and body composition (body fat percentage). T2D underwent 10 weeks of high-intensity interval exercise training (10-20-30 training). T2D had lower expression of SOD1 (-62%; p < 0.001) and ETC complex V (-34%; p = 0.003), along with higher expression of ETC complex IV (+66%; p = 0.007), MFN2 (+62%; p = 0.001), and DRP1 (+30%; p = 0.028) compared to ND. T2D had higher (p < 0.001) expression of Na+ /K+ α1 (+98%), α2 (+114%), and NHE1 (+144%) than ND. In T2D, training increased exercise capacity (+9%; p < 0.001) as well as expression of SOD2 (+44%; p = 0.029), ETC complex II (+25%; p = 0.035), III (+52%; p = 0.041), IV (+23%; p = 0.005), and V (+21%; p = 0.035), CS activity (+32%; p = 0.006) as well as Na+ /K+ α1 (+24%; p = 0.034), Kir6.2 (+36%; p = 0.029), and MCT1 (+20%; p = 0.007). Men with type 2 diabetes exhibited altered expression of a multitude of skeletal muscle proteins important for exercise capacity. Ten weeks of 10-20-30 training upregulated expression of muscle proteins regulating antioxidant defense, mitochondrial function, and ion handling while enhancing exercise capacity in men with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baasch-Skytte
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Fiorenza
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aleixo PH, Castoldi RC, Souza FLAD, Mariano TB, Ozaki GAT, Garcia TA, Santos LS, Pacagnelli FL, Camargo RCT, Camargo Filho JCS. Effect of high-intensity interval training on the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gunnarsson TP, Ehlers TS, Baasch-Skytte T, Lund AP, Tamariz-Ellemann A, Gliemann L, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J. Hypertension is associated with blunted NO-mediated leg vasodilator responsiveness that is reversed by high-intensity training in postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R712-R723. [PMID: 33074013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00170.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, and in time, postmenopausal women (PMW) will exhibit a cardiovascular disease risk score similar to male counterparts. Hypertension is associated with vascular dysfunction, but whether hypertensive (HYP) PMW have blunted nitric oxide (NO)-mediated leg vasodilator responsiveness and whether this is reversible by high-intensity training (HIT) is unknown. To address these questions, we examined the leg vascular conductance (LVC) in response to femoral infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and skeletal muscle markers of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability before and after HIT in PMW [12.9 ± 6.0 (means ± SD) years since last menstrual cycle]. We hypothesized that ACh- and SNP-induced LVC responsiveness was reduced in hypertensive compared with normotensive (NORM) PMW and that 10 wk of HIT would reverse the blunted LVC response and decrease blood pressure (BP). Nine hypertensive (HYP (clinical systolic/diastolic BP, 149 ± 11/91 ± 83 mmHg) and eight normotensive (NORM (122 ± 13/75 ± 8 mmHg) PMW completed 10 wk of biweekly small-sided floorball training (4-5 × 3-5 min interspersed by 1-3-min rest periods). Before training, the SNP-induced change in LVC was lower (P < 0.05) in HYP compared with in NORM. With training, the ACh- and SNP-induced change in LVC at maximal infusion rates, i.e., 100 and 6 µg·min-1·kg leg mass-1, respectively, improved (P < 0.05) in HYP only. Furthermore, training decreased (P < 0.05) clinical systolic/diastolic BP (-15 ± 11/-9 ± 7 mmHg) in HYP and systolic BP (-10 ± 9 mmHg) in NORM. Thus, the SNP-mediated LVC responsiveness was blunted in HYP PMW and reversed by a period of HIT that was associated with a marked decrease in clinical BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Ehlers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Baasch-Skytte
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders P Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Gunnarsson TP, Ehlers TS, Fiorenza M, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J. Reply to "Letter to the editor: In response to Gunnarsson et al. on improving the quality of exercise interventions". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C908-C909. [PMID: 33152261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00436.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Ehlers
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Fiorenza
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Ehlers TS, Sverrisdottir Y, Bangsbo J, Gunnarsson TP. High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Men With Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Controls. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:841. [PMID: 33013285 PMCID: PMC7461859 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a cornerstone in reducing blood pressure (BP) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in individuals with essential hypertension. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be a time efficient alternative to classical continuous training in lowering BP in essential hypertension, but the effect of HIIT on MSNA levels has never been investigated. Leg MSNA responsiveness to 6 weeks of HIIT was examined in 14 hypertensive men (HYP; age: 62 ± 7 years, night time BP: 136 ± 12/83 ± 8 mmHg, BMI: 28 ± 3 kg/m2), and 10 age-matched normotensive controls (NORM; age: 60 ± 8 years, night time BP: 116 ± 2/68 ± 4 mmHg and BMI: 27 ± 3 kg/m2). Before training, MSNA levels were not different between HYP and NORM (burst frequency (BF): 41.0 ± 10.3 vs. 33.6 ± 10.6 bursts/min and burst incidence (BI): 67.5 ± 19.7 vs. 64.2 ± 17.0 bursts/100 heart beats, respectively). BF decreased (P < 0.05) with training by 13 and 5% in HYP and NORM, respectively, whereas BI decreased by 7% in NORM only, with no difference between groups. Training lowered (P < 0.05) night-time mean arterial- and diastolic BP in HYP only (100 ± 8 vs. 97 ± 5, and 82 ± 6 vs. 79 ± 5 mmHg, respectively). The change in HYP was greater (P < 0.05) compared to NORM. Training reduced (P < 0.05) body mass, visceral fat mass, and fat percentage similarly within- and between groups, with no change in fat free mass. Training increased (P < 0.05) V̇O2-max in NORM only. Six weeks of HIIT lowered resting MSNA levels in age-matched hyper- and normotensive men, which was paralleled by a significant reduction in BP in the hypertensive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svare Ehlers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yrsa Sverrisdottir
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Erdogan C. Improvement of physical training by performance-enhancing substances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13517. [PMID: 32491268 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Erdogan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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12
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Hillmeister P, Tadic M, Ngare N, Pagonas N, Buschmann I. Exercise and cardiovascular diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13476. [PMID: 32311828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hillmeister
- Department for Angiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) & Faculty of Health Sciences Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Marijana Tadic
- Department for Angiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) & Faculty of Health Sciences Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Njeri Ngare
- Department for Angiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) & Faculty of Health Sciences Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pagonas
- Department for Angiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) & Faculty of Health Sciences Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
- Department for Cardiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Ivo Buschmann
- Department for Angiology Center for Internal Medicine I Clinic Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) & Faculty of Health Sciences Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus – Senftenberg the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
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13
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Gunnarsson TP, Ehlers TS, Fiorenza M, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J. Essential hypertension is associated with blunted smooth muscle cell vasodilator responsiveness and is reversed by 10-20-30 training in men. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1252-C1263. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is associated with impairments in vascular function and sympathetic nerve hyperactivity; however, the extent to which the lower limbs are affected remains unclear. We examined the leg vascular responsiveness to infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and phenylephrine (PEP) in 10 hypertensive men [HYP: age 59.5 ± 9.7 (means ± SD) yr; clinical and nighttime blood pressure: 142 ± 10/86 ± 10 and 141 ± 11/83 ± 6 mmHg, respectively; and body mass index (BMI): 29.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2] and 8 age-matched normotensive counterparts (NORM: age 57.9 ± 10.8 yr; clinical and nighttime blood pressure: 128 ± 9/78 ± 7 and 116 ± 3/69 ± 3 mmHg, respectively; and BMI: 26.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2). The vascular responsiveness was evaluated before and after 6 wk of 10-20-30 training, consisting of 3 × 5 × 10-s sprint followed by 30 and 20 s of low- to moderate-intensity cycling, respectively, interspersed by 3 min of rest. Before training, the vascular responsiveness to infusion of SNP was lower ( P < 0.05) in HYP compared with NORM, with no difference in the responsiveness to infusion of ACh and PEP. The vascular responsiveness to infusion of SNP and ACh improved ( P < 0.05) with training in HYP, with no change in NORM. With training, intra-arterial systolic blood pressure decreased ( P < 0.05) by 9 mmHg in both HYP and NORM whereas diastolic blood pressure decreased (5 mmHg; P < 0.05) in HYP only. We provide here the first line of evidence in humans that smooth muscle cell vasodilator responsiveness is blunted in the lower limbs of hypertensive men. This impairment can be reversed by 10-20-30 training, which is an effective intervention to improve the responsiveness of smooth muscle cells in men with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Gunnarsson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S. Ehlers
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Fiorenza
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Parise G, Murrant CL, Cocks M, Snijders T, Baum O, Plyley MJ. Capillary facilitation of skeletal muscle function in health and disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:453-462. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly vascularized, with perfusion being tightly regulated to meet wide-ranging metabolic demands. For decades, the capillary supply has been explored mainly in terms of evaluating the capillary numbers and their function in the supply of oxygen and substrates and the removal of metabolic byproducts. This review will focus on recent discoveries concerning the role played by capillaries in facilitating other aspects of cell regulation and maintenance, in health and disease, as well as alterations during the aging process. Novelty Capillaries play a central role in the coordination of the vascular response that controls blood flow during contraction and the cellular responses to which they feed into. Nitric oxide is an important regulatory compound within the cardiovascular system, and a significant contributor to skeletal muscle capillary angiogenesis and vasodilatory response to agonists. The microvascular network between muscle fibres may play a critical role in the distribution of signalling factors necessary for optimal muscle satellite cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Parise
- McMaster University, Departments of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Science, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Coral L. Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, L3 5UG, UK
| | - Tim Snijders
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Baum
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitäts medizin Berlin, Berlin D-10117, Germany
| | - Michael J. Plyley
- Brock University, Department of Kinesiology, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Corrigendum. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13344. [PMID: 31402595 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Stay Fit, Stay Young: Mitochondria in Movement: The Role of Exercise in the New Mitochondrial Paradigm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7058350. [PMID: 31320983 PMCID: PMC6607712 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7058350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles require the proper production and distribution of energy to sustain their work. To ensure this requirement is met, mitochondria form large networks within skeletal muscle cells, and during exercise, they can enhance their functions. In the present review, we discuss recent findings on exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations. We emphasize the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis, morphological changes, and increases in respiratory supercomplex formation as mechanisms triggered by exercise that may increase the function of skeletal muscles. Finally, we highlight the possible effects of nutraceutical compounds on mitochondrial performance during exercise and outline the use of exercise as a therapeutic tool in noncommunicable disease prevention. The resulting picture shows that the modulation of mitochondrial activity by exercise is not only fundamental for physical performance but also a key point for whole-organism well-being.
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Ma D, Liu W, Wang L, Xu X, Wang L, Yu H, Liu X, Liu H, Wang D, Shan D. Mitophagy in the Skeletal Muscle Is Suppressed in Spleen Qi Deficiency. Chin Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2019.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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