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Marton G, Monzani D, Vergani L, Pizzoli SFM, Pravettoni G. How to Measure Propensity to Take Risks in the Italian Context: The Italian Validation of the Risk Propensity Scale. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:1003-1017. [PMID: 34879777 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211054777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Risk propensity is a multifaced construct that influences many aspects of life, such as decision making. In the present study, the psychometric characteristics of the Risk Propensity Scale (RPS) have been explored for the first time in an Italian sample. The RPS is a 7 item self-report questionnaire measuring people's tendency to take risks. The English RPS has been translated following the forward-backwards translation method, and it was filled out by 199 participants. Since its dimensionality has never been explored before, its factor structure has been analysed with exploratory factor analysis that confirmed the one-factor structure of the questionnaire and the retention of all the items. The Italian version of the RPS has high internal consistency (Cronbach alphas .78), and almost all the items were positively and significantly correlated. The convergent and discriminant validity, analysed by considering the associations with decision-making styles and an implicit measure of risk propensity, were satisfactory. Overall, the Italian version of the RPS is a valid and quick questionnaire useful to measure propensity to take risks in the Italian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marton
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Monzani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, 9304University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Peterson LM, Orr JA, Rogelberg SD, Olsen N. Social-contextual factors interact with masculinity to influence college men's HPV vaccination intentions: The role of descriptive norms, prototypes, and physician gender. J Behav Med 2022; 45:825-840. [PMID: 36066688 PMCID: PMC9446639 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Men’s low HPV vaccination uptake and HPV-related disease incidence are public health issues; gendered social–contextual factors likely play a role. In Study 1, college men (N = 130; Mage = 19.55; white = 58.1%) reported their social cognitions (male-referent descriptive norms and prototypes), self-reliance masculinity ideology, and vaccination intentions. In Study 2, college men (N = 106; Mage = 19.32; white = 61.3%) were randomly assigned to receive HPV vaccination information from a man or woman physician-avatar. Descriptive norms and favorable prototypes (bs ≥ .337; ps ≤ .016) were associated with higher HPV vaccination intentions. Men with higher self-reliance masculinity had higher HPV vaccination intentions with a man physician and when they perceived greater vaccination among men (ps ≤ .035). Men with higher self-reliance masculinity are more sensitive to gendered social–contextual effects in HPV vaccination decision-making. Gendered social–contextual factors should be integrated into public health interventions to increase college men’s HPV vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Peterson
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Orr
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasha D Rogelberg
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nils Olsen
- Department of Organizational Sciences and Communication, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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de Borja C, Chang CJ, Watkins R, Senter C. Optimizing Health and Athletic Performance for Women. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2022; 15:10-20. [PMID: 35023069 PMCID: PMC8804053 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-021-09735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The exponential growth of women participating in competitive sports throughout the years was made possible through several initiatives by the International Olympic Committee and the passage and implementation of Title IX as a federal law in the United States. However, this positive trend towards gender equity in sports has not transpired for women in medicine, especially in fields that care for elite athletes. This current review will discuss specific areas that can be tailored to help female athletes prevent injuries and optimize their athletic performance. We will also highlight how increased female team physician representation in sports may help optimize care for female athletes. RECENT FINDINGS Female athletes are considered high risk for certain conditions such as ACL tears, patellofemoral pain syndrome, bone stress injuries, sport-related concussions, and sexual violence in sport. Addressing factors specific to female athletes has been found to be valuable in preventing injuries. Strength and conditioning can optimize athletic performance but remains underutilized among female athletes. Although diversity in healthcare workforce has been found to be beneficial for multiple reasons, women remain underrepresented in sports medicine. Increasing female team physician representation may positively impact care for female athletes. Team physicians must understand the physiologic, biomechanical, and anatomic factors that are unique to female athletes in order to tailor injury prevention programs and optimize their athletic performance. Advocating for gender equity in sports medicine to advance representation of women in the field will increase workforce diversity and promote excellence in sports medicine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina de Borja
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, University of California, San Francisco, 1825 4th Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Cindy J Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Rhonda Watkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, University of California, San Francisco, 1825 4th Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Carlin Senter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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De Micheli G, Vergani L, Mazzoni D, Marton G. After the Pandemic: The Future of Italian Medicine. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Medical and Other Healthcare-Related Degrees Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648419. [PMID: 34803788 PMCID: PMC8600185 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to explore the psychological symptoms and the readiness to fight the pandemic of the new generation of healthcare professionals: medical and other healthcare degree students. Methods: We enrolled 509 medical and healthcare-related degree students during the second outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. We have examined their psychological symptoms using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and their readiness to fight the pandemic together with their academic career status, their relationship with the university, and their emotional reactions to the pandemic with Visual Analog Scales. Results: We retrieved a GHQ mean of 21.65 (SD = 40.63) and readiness to fight the pandemic mean of 53.58 (SD = 31.49). Perceived control affects variables: a negative effect on psychological symptoms and a positive effect on the willingness to fight the pandemic. The other variables with an impact were stress, loneliness, and anger that had a significant and positive impact on psychological symptoms. Age and concern for patients had a significant positive impact on readiness to fight for the pandemic, while years of attendance had a significant but negative impact. Conclusion: Universities and Institutions should consider the impact of the pandemic on students, in particular, for its effect on their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marton
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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Marton G, Bailo L, Pravettoni G. Exploring the possible application of implementation intention on prospective memory of cancer patients. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2021.1880303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marton
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bailo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Marton G, Monzani D, Vergani L, Pizzoli SFM, Pravettoni G. “Optimism Is a Strategy for Making a Better Future”. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Cancer is a deadly disease that can lead to psychological suffering and decreased quality of life (QoL). Personality has been proven to have an effect on QoL and, in particular, Dispositional Optimism (DO) has been studied in relation to overcoming health crisis. The aim of this systematic review is to deepen the state of art of the relationship between QoL and DO in cancer patients. PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched. Fifteen studies were included with a total of 5,249 cancer patients. All of the studies consider the relationship between DO and QoL, some studies analyze the correlation between the two variables and found a positive association. The majority of the studies investigate the predictive power of DO over QoL and most of them found DO to be predictive of a higher QoL. Results confirmed the association between DO and QoL in a sample of cancer patients. These results could influence the clinical practice as DO has been proven to have a beneficial effect on mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marton
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Monzani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
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Pizzoli SFM, Marton G, Pricolo P, Oliveri S, Summers P, Petralia G, Pravettoni G. Patients' experience with MRI-guided in-bore biopsy versus TRUS-guided biopsy in prostate cancer: a pilot study. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1127. [PMID: 33209118 PMCID: PMC7652422 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound-guided magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fusion biopsy and in-bore MRI-guided biopsy (MRGB) have improved the diagnostic pathway in patients with suspected prostate cancer compared to the traditional random sampling of the prostate gland under transrectal ultrasound guidance (TRUS-Bx). The aim of our study was to assess the psychological experiences of patients undergoing MRGB and TRUS-Bx. Method Participants completed an ad hoc set of 11 items to be rated from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much) on visual analogue scales and one open question on the most worrisome aspect of the procedure. The set of items evaluated satisfaction with the information received and the possibility to ask questions to the staff; the tolerability of the irritation, duration and discomfort associated with the exam; their level of worry or calm before the exam; the perceived need to undergo the exam; their satisfaction with the exam and willingness to repeat it in the future; and acceptability of the exam. Results Between May 2018 and June 2019, 47 participants were enrolled on the day of their MRGB; 24 had previously undergone TRUS-Bx. The MRGB was rated with high positive scores on all 11 items. The lowest ratings regarded the duration of the exam (mean = 6.6) and feeling calm (mean = 6.6). Participants were significantly more satisfied with MRGB than TRUS-Bx, rating it as less painful and more comfortable, necessary and tolerable. Conclusion These preliminary results indicate that the MRGB is likely to be more tolerable and acceptable to patients than TRUS-Bx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marton
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Pricolo
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Serena Oliveri
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Summers
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Precision Imaging and Research Unit-Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20132, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
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Marton G, Vergani L, Mazzocco K, Garassino MC, Pravettoni G. 2020s Heroes Are Not Fearless: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Wellbeing and Emotions of Italian Health Care Workers During Italy Phase 1. Front Psychol 2020; 11:588762. [PMID: 33178088 PMCID: PMC7593839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate the mental health and emotional reaction of physicians working during phase 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods A total of 458 Italian Health Care Workers (HCWs) working during phases 1 of the COVID-19 outbreak were voluntarily enlisted in the study and recruited with the snowball technique through an online survey. We examined our variables with the General Health Questionnaire – 12 and with Visual Analog Scales. Results The sample has a high level of psychological distress 21.26 (SD = 4.46), the emotional reaction was characterized by high level of fear for family members and cohabitants (M = 77.67, SD = 27.16) and patients (M = 67.16, SD = 27.71). Perceived control, fear for patients, and for family members and cohabitants, feeling alone and anger all contribute to a decreased mental health in Italian physicians (R2 = 0.285, p < 0.001). Conclusion Italian HCWs’ mental health and emotional reaction have to be considered to prevent high risk of burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It becomes pivotal in the next months to implement a tailored psychological intervention to take care of HCWs and to prevent costly consequences for them, patients, and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marton
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Division of Medical Oncology, Foundation IRCCS-Italian National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marton G, Pizzoli SFM, Vergani L, Mazzocco K, Monzani D, Bailo L, Pancani L, Pravettoni G. Patients' health locus of control and preferences about the role that they want to play in the medical decision-making process. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:260-266. [PMID: 32323553 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1748211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Health locus of control (HLOC) may influence people's behavior regarding their health as well as their desires to be involved in the medical decision-making. Our study aimed to examine HLOC's relations with people's control preferences about the medical decision-making. A total of 153 people filled out the self-administered version of the Control Preference Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale - form C. The most preferred role is the collaborative one. However, HLOC explained heterogeneity in people's control preferences: lower scores in external HLOC were related to a greater preference for the active and the collaborative role. From the personalized medicine perspective, an accurate evaluation of the patient's HLOC could help tailoring the decision-making process within the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marton
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Monzani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bailo
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pancani
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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