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Petrović A, Čanković M, Avramov M, Popović ŽD, Janković S, Mojsilović S. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Patients with Oral Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Serbia-A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1843. [PMID: 37893561 PMCID: PMC10608774 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 95% of oral cancers. It represents a serious public health problem due to the high degree of morbidity and mortality, as well as multifactorial etiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-documented risk factor for oropharyngeal carcinoma, but its role in oral carcinogenesis is still debatable. Our aim was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV) in patients with OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) from that of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects were included in the cross-sectional study and divided into three groups of 30 patients each: (1) patients with OSCC, (2) patients with OPMD, and (3) healthy subjects. We examined the presence of 12 HR-HPV genotypes in the obtained biological material (oral swabs) using real-time PCR. Results: One or more of the 12 tested HR-HPV genotypes were detected in 5/30 patients with OSCC and 2/30 with OPMD, whereas no healthy subjects were positive for any of the tested genotypes. There was a statistically significant difference in nodal involvement between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients with OSCC. Conclusions: Oral HR-HPV was detected in patients with oral premalignant and malignant lesions but not in healthy individuals, suggesting a possible role in oral carcinogenesis. Broad HR-HPV panel testing could increase the sensitivity of risk assessment and screening for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelija Petrović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miloš Čanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Oral Medicine Section, Dentistry Department, Clinic for Dentistry of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 12, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Avramov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (Ž.D.P.)
| | - Željko D. Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (Ž.D.P.)
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, GenoLab, Kosovska 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđa Janković
- Division of Immunology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Tiršova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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2
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Ahmad AI, Lee A, Nithagon P, Ayaz O, Altork N, Peppas S, Alzraikat S, Ayoubi R, Smith A, Dhanjal R, Jassal A, Rizzo SM, Cho WK. Esophageal squamous papilloma: Literature review and case-control retrospective study with histopathological exam of human papillomavirus. JGH Open 2023; 7:674-681. [PMID: 37908288 PMCID: PMC10615170 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a benign growth in the esophagus with unknown malignant potential. The mechanism underlying ESP formation is unknown, but human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed as a potential etiology. We sought to investigate the clinical characteristic of ESP in our population, review the current literature, and highlight the role of HPV. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study conducted at two referral centers. We selected the ESP population by free-text search in the pathology department database and selected controls randomly from the general endoscopy population. Immunostains were used to evaluate ESP tissue for HPV. Results Between January 2016 and December 2021, we identified 66 patients with ESP, with a prevalence of 0.72%. ESP patients were younger, with a median age of 52 years (P = 0.021), and more likely African American (34.4 vs 7.5%, P < 0.001) compared to controls. On endoscopy images, the growth was predominantly solitary (92.5%) in the middle of the esophagus (39.4%), with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.3 cm. A total of 62 patients had available tissue for HPV immune staining, and none tested positive for HPV. Eighteen patients had a follow-up endoscopy with an average of 504.5 days follow-up period. One patient developed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during follow-up. Conclusions We observed a higher prevalence of ESP compared to previous studies. The formation of ESP is multifactorial and partially explained by HPV infection in selected populations. The malignant potential of ESP is low but not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram I Ahmad
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Arielle Lee
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Pichayut Nithagon
- Department of PathologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Omair Ayaz
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Nadera Altork
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Spyros Peppas
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Sayel Alzraikat
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Reza Ayoubi
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Rachna Dhanjal
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Ajay Jassal
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Samantha M Rizzo
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Won Kyoo Cho
- Department of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyINOVA Medical SystemLeesburgVirginiaUSA
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3
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Hussain S, Rani J, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Nazir SU, Srivastava A, Khan A, Dash NR, Saraya A, Das BC. Influence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Syrjänen S, Syrjänen K. HPV-Associated Benign Squamous Cell Papillomas in the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Their Malignant Potential. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081624. [PMID: 34452488 PMCID: PMC8402864 DOI: 10.3390/v13081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) in the upper aero-digestive tract is a rare disease entity with bimodal age presentation both at childhood and in adults. It originates from stratified squamous and/or respiratory epithelium. Traditionally, SCPs have been linked to chemical or mechanical irritation but, since the 1980s, they have also been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Approximately 30% of the head and neck SCPs are associated with HPV infection, with this association being highest for laryngeal papillomas (76–94%), followed by oral (27–48%), sinonasal (25–40%), and oropharyngeal papillomas (6–7%). There is, however, a wide variation in HPV prevalence, the highest being in esophageal SCPs (11–57%). HPV6 and HPV11 are the two main HPV genotypes present, but these are also high-risk HPVs as they are infrequently detected. Some 20% of the oral and oropharyngeal papillomas also contain cutaneous HPV genotypes. Despite their benign morphology, some SCPs tend to recur and even undergo malignant transformation. The highest malignant potential is associated with sinonasal inverted papillomas (7–11%). This review discusses the evidence regarding HPV etiology of benign SCPs in the upper aero-digestive tract and their HPV-related malignant transformation. In addition, studies on HPV exposure at an early age are discussed, as are the animal models shedding light on HPV transmission, viral latency, and its reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, 00880 Helsinki, Finland;
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5
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García-Marín R, Reda S, Riobello C, Cabal VN, Suárez-Fernández L, Vivanco B, Álvarez-Marcos C, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8 + Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136926. [PMID: 34203211 PMCID: PMC8268278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is an aggressive tumor predominantly arising in the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. Advances in imaging, surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques have reduced complications and morbidity; however, the prognosis generally remains poor, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 30-50%. As immunotherapy may be a new therapeutic option, we analyzed CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor microenvironment immune type (TMIT, combining CD8+ TILs and PD-L1) in a series of 57 SNSCCs. Using immunohistochemistry, tissue samples of 57 SNSCCs were analyzed for expression of CD8 on TILs and of PD-L1 on tumor cells. The results were correlated to the clinical and survival data. In total, 88% (50/57) of the tumors had intratumoral CD8+ TILs; 19% (11/57)-CD8high (>10%); and 39/57 (68%)-CD8low (1-10%). PD-L1 positivity (>5%) was observed in 46% (26/57) of the SNSCCs and significantly co-occurred with CD8+ TILs (p = 0.000). Using univariate analysis, high intratumoral CD8+ TILs and TMIT I (CD8high/PD-L1pos) correlated with a worse survival rate. These results indicate that SNSCCs are immunogenic tumors, similar to head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nineteen percent of the cases were both CD8high and PD-L1pos and this subgroup may benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Marín
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Sara Reda
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.R.); (C.Á.-M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Virginia N. Cabal
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - César Álvarez-Marcos
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.R.); (C.Á.-M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Fernando López
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.R.); (C.Á.-M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - José L. Llorente
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.R.); (C.Á.-M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Mario A. Hermsen
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.G.-M.); (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (L.S.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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Irfan M, Delgado RZR, Frias-Lopez J. The Oral Microbiome and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591088. [PMID: 33193429 PMCID: PMC7645040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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7
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Abstract
There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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8
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Cho JY, Cheung DY, Kim TJ, Kim JK. A Case of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ Arising from Esophageal Squamous Papilloma. Clin Endosc 2018; 52:72-75. [PMID: 30021250 PMCID: PMC6370924 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2018.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous papilloma is a common benign tumor of the esophagus. Patients with papilloma are usually asymptomatic, and they are diagnosed incidentally during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Most papillomas are small and easily removed by forceps biopsy. Recurrence of papilloma after removal is rare. Human papilloma virus infection is supposed to play a role in the development of esophageal papilloma; however, malignant transformation of papilloma is extremely unusual. Here, we report a case of malignant transformation of esophageal squamous papilloma at the gastroesophageal junction into squamous cell carcinoma in situ, which was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Young Cheung
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Suganuma T, Yoon HS. Combined Extensive Esophageal Squamous Papillomas and Florid Cardiac Gland Hyperplasia in a Patient with Adenocarcinoma. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 25:80-85. [PMID: 29662932 DOI: 10.1159/000479432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of extensive esophageal squamous papillomas (ESPs) involving the entire esophagus and florid cardiac gland hyperplasia involving only the lower esophagus in a 39-year-old woman with heartburn and epigastric distress for the past 2 years. Previous esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed multiple ESPs involving the entire esophagus extending 38 cm from the esophageal orifice to the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Additionally, prominent cardiac gland hyperplasia over the esophageal posterior wall was exhibited extending 12 cm from the mid-esophagus to the EGJ. A biopsy obtained from the ESP area showed typical squamous papillomas and cardiac gland hyperplasia with no evidence of koilocytosis or malignancy. Polymerase chain reaction was negative for a variety of human papilloma virus DNAs. Subsequently, Siewert type II gastric cancer with submucosal elevation of the stomach was detected at the EGJ. Endoscopy showed a 20-mm-thick lesion appearing to extend to the muscularis propria; subsequent biopsy showed invasive adenocarcinoma. Total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection, splenectomy, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction were performed for the EGJ cancer. The patient died from widespread multiorgan metastasis within 2 years following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han-Seung Yoon
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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10
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Pantham G, Ganesan S, Einstadter D, Jin G, Weinberg A, Fass R. Assessment of the incidence of squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-5. [PMID: 27001250 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been a recent increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We investigated the incidence of esophageal papilloma and the presence of high-risk HPV infection. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a County teaching hospital. Patients with esophageal papilloma between January 2000 and December 2013 were identified. Patients with sufficient specimens were tested for the HPV virus. RESULTS Sixty patients with esophageal papilloma lesions were identified from 2000 to 2013. (31 males, age 51 ± 13 years). The incidence was 0.13% in 2000 and increased to 0.57% in 2013 (P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had a papilloma that was more than 5 mm in size, and 20% had multiple lesions. The papilloma was located in the distal esophagus in 35 (58.3%) patients, mid esophagus in 17 (28.3%) patients, and proximal in 8 (13.3%) patients. Three (5%) patients had associated OPC, and 9 (47.4%) of the 19 patients tested were positive for high-risk HPV serotype 16. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of esophageal papilloma has increased by fourfolds over the past 14 years. About half of the tested patients demonstrated high risk HPV. This may suggest a potential growing risk for esophageal squamous cell cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pantham
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Santhi Ganesan
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Douglas Einstadter
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Ronnie Fass
- The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Singhal S, Baker RD, Khan A, Baker SS, Gelfond D, Alkhouri RH. A Rare Case of Esophageal Papilloma Due to Human Papillomavirus With Uncommon Presentation of Dysphagia in a 2-Year-Old Child. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1168-70. [PMID: 26538585 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815614357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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von Knebel Doeberitz M. The causal role of human papillomavirus infections in non-anogenital cancers. It's time to ask for the functional evidence. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:9-11. [PMID: 26999772 PMCID: PMC5071689 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Georgantis G, Syrakos T, Agorastos T, Miliaras S, Gagalis A, Tsoulfas G, Spanos K, Marakis G. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in esophageal carcinoma in Greece. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2352-2357. [PMID: 25741141 PMCID: PMC4342910 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect human papillomavirus (HPV) in the esophageal mucosa and the possible relationship with esophageal cancer in Greece.
METHODS: Forty-nine patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and esophageal biopsy at a university hospital that acts as a referral center for Northern Greece. Nineteen of these patients (14 male and 5 female) had esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 30 (15 male and 15 female) did not have any reported esophageal malignancy. Histopathological assessment was followed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of all the samples. Patient demographic data (age, sex, and place of birth) and information regarding smoking habits, alcohol consumption or sexual habits were collected. A method of statistical interference, verification of hypotheses based on homogeneity and independent χ2 test, was used.
RESULTS: From the 49 patients that underwent EGD and biopsy, 19 had ESCC and 30 had normal esophageal mucosa, with a mean age of 65.2 years. Regarding the prevalence of oncogenic risk factors for esophageal carcinoma, an interesting conclusion was that 78% of the patients used tobacco and almost one-third had multiple sexual partners, whereas only 20% of the patients consumed alcohol, which was not statistically significant, when compared to the control group. In the ESCC group, the only two positive samples were among the male patients (2/14 male patients with ESCC, 14.5%). No HPV was identified in the control group. The predominant HPV types identified were 11 and 31, which have a low malignancy potential. The presence of HPV DNA in the ESCC group was not statistically significant, 95% confidence interval (χ2 = 3.292, P = 0.07).
CONCLUSION: This is the first relevant study in Greece, and despite the lack of statistical significance, the issue of HPV infection and ESCC does merit further investigation.
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Eckardt AJ, Lang H, Gockel I. [Diagnosis and therapy of benign tumors of the esophagogastric junction]. Chirurg 2014; 85:1073-80. [PMID: 25421250 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-014-2806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benign tumors of the esophagogastric junction are rare and mostly found incidentally during endoscopic or radiological procedures which are often performed for unrelated reasons. Epithelial lesions must be distinguished from subepithelial findings, where the latter are far more common and mostly represent benign leiomyomas, especially in the esophagus. Some benign tumors, such as small gastrointestinal stromal tumors, have malignant potential and must therefore be distinguished from completely benign lesions. Epithelial tumors can be diagnosed by standard endoscopic biopsies, whereas tissue acquisition of subepithelial lesions is more challenging. For this purpose endosonography is a valuable tool even before tissue acquisition or resection is performed. Endosonography can identify the gastrointestinal wall layer from which the lesion arises and gives additional information by identification of characteristic echographic features. Endoscopic resection techniques are used to remove those tumors that originate from the mucosa or submucosa. Some authors have even described resection of tumors originating from the deep muscle layer, but these techniques have a significant risk of perforation. Several surgical techniques are available for complete resection ranging from laparoscopic enucleation to combined endoscopic laparoscopic (rendezvous) techniques and abdominothoracic approaches. The current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges regarding benign tumors of the esophagogastric junction are outlined in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Eckardt
- Fachbereich Gastroenterologie, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
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Qiu YJ, Ye HH, Zhang LY, Mai YZ, Ye YF, Du BR. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and occurrence of esophageal papilloma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3881-3886. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i25.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of esophageal papilloma (EP) and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the occurrence of EP.
METHODS: Eighty-two patients with EP (experimental group) who underwent endoscopy and were pathologically confirmed using biopsy specimens at our hospital from April 2012 to April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the endoscopic performance and pathological features of EP. Meanwhile, 1000 patients with chronic superficial gastritis diagnosed by endoscopy in the same period were randomly selected and used as controls. The rate of H. pylori infection between the two groups was compared.
RESULTS: There was no significant gender difference among 82 cases of EP, which could occur throughout the whole esophagus and had varied shapes (mostly spherical or hemispherical sessile polyp-like bulges). EP were mostly single and had soft texture, gray color, and a diameter ≤ 0.5 cm. No malignancy was found by pathological examination among the EP. There were no statistical differences in age or gender between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). The rate of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (21.95% vs 67.4%, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The rate of H. pylori infection in patients with EP was significantly lower than that in the control group, suggesting that H. pylori infection might have an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of EP.
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Liu B, Taioli E. Associations between human papillomavirus and history of cancer among U.S. adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2010). Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1448-53. [PMID: 25058348 PMCID: PMC4183846 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent that has been associated with human cancer. We have updated the U.S. population sero-prevalence using a large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample of adults from 2003 to 2010, and have analysed the associations between HPV seropositivity and self-reported history of cancer. Methods: Four cross-sectional cycles (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, and 2009–2010) were used, for a total of 12 759 participants who had both cancer history and HPV serum information. Results: The sero-prevalences of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were 15.0%, 4.8%, 11.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. Females had significantly higher HPV prevalence than males (P<0.05) for all subtypes. Positive associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of any cancer (adjusted odds ratio-ORadj=1.68; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01), history of any of eight selected cancers (ORadj=2.63; 95% CI: 1.78, 3.90), lung cancer (ORadj=5.14; 95% CI: 1.29, 20.44), and cervical cancer (ORadj=2.55; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.98) were observed. Conclusions: The finding of significant associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of cancer adds epidemiological evidence to the carcinogenicity potential of HPV 16 and 18 in other tissues. With increasing coverage of the HPV vaccine in the U.S., future NHANES data and sample collection may allow further detailed evaluation of the population impact of the HPV vaccination on cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Population Health and the Feinstein Institute, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, 175 Community Drive, Rm 203, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA
| | - E Taioli
- Department of Population Health and the Feinstein Institute, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, 175 Community Drive, Rm 203, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA
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Basu N, Skinner HG, Litzelman K, Vanderboom R, Baichoo E, Boardman LA. Telomeres and telomere dynamics: relevance to cancers of the GI tract. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 7:733-48. [PMID: 24161135 PMCID: PMC3892561 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2013.848790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in telomere length and telomere maintenance contribute to cancer development. In this article, we review the basic principles of telomere length in normal and tumor tissue and the presence of the two main telomere maintenance pathways as they pertain to gastrointestinal tract cancer. Peripheral blood telomeres are shorter in patients with many types of gastrointestinal tract cancers. Telomere length in tumor DNA also appears to shorten early in cancer development. Tumor telomere shortening is often accompanied by telomerase activation to protect genetically damaged DNA from normal cell senescence or apoptosis, allowing immortalized but damaged DNA to persist. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is another mechanism used by cancer to maintain telomere length in cancer cells. Telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres activators and inhibitors may become important chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents as our understanding of telomere biology, specific telomere-related phenotypes and its relationship to carcinogenesis increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Basu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 Tel: 507-266-4338; Fax: 507-266-0350
| | - Halcyon G. Skinner
- Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53726 Tel: 608-265-4654
| | - Kristin Litzelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53726 Tel: 608-265-4654
| | - Russell Vanderboom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 Tel: 507-266-4338; Fax: 507-266-0350
| | - Esha Baichoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 Tel: 507-266-4338; Fax: 507-266-0350
| | - Lisa A. Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 Tel: 507-266-4338; Fax: 507-266-0350
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Badillo-Almaraz I, Zapata-Benavides P, Saavedra-Alonso S, Zamora-Avila D, Reséndez-Pérez D, Tamez-Guerra R, Herrera-Esparza R, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Human papillomavirus 16/18 infections in lung cancer patients in Mexico. Intervirology 2013; 56:310-5. [PMID: 23942143 DOI: 10.1159/000351075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an epitheliotropic, double-stranded DNA virus, and its high-risk genotypes are associated with human cancer. HPV genome has been detected in lung carcinomas in certain places around the world, including Mexico; however, the prevalence of this is unclear. In this study, we examine the frequency of high-risk HPV 16/18 in lung cancer tissues from a Mexican population. METHODS 39 lung cancer specimens were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using HPV GP5+/GP6+ primers and then were genotyped using specific primers to HPV 16/18. Additionally, in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed using BIO-labeled oligonucleotide probes. RESULTS Our results identified 15 positive cases (38.46%) for HPV 16 and 1 positive case (2.56%) for HPV 18 by PCR. ISH showed the presence of HPV DNA in 13 of 16 (81%) samples, in agreement with the PCR results. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we detected HPV 16/18 gene sequences in lung cancer samples obtained from Mexican patients by PCR and ISH. We found the highest prevalence of HPV 16 infection in lung adenocarcinomas, suggesting that HPV infection may be associated with lung cancer. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of HPV in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Badillo-Almaraz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.
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