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Wang XK, Liao XW, Yang CK, Liu ZQ, Han QF, Zhou X, Zhang LB, Deng T, Gong YZ, Huang JL, Huang R, Han CY, Yu TD, Su H, Ye XP, Peng T, Zhu GZ. Oncogene PLCE1 may be a diagnostic biomarker and prognostic biomarker by influencing cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7003-7017. [PMID: 32037547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide. HCC has traits of late diagnosis and high recurrence. This study explored potential diagnosis and prognosis significance of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in HCC. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and diagnostic value of PLCE1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and online databases GEPIA, oncomine, and GSE14520 data set. Survival analysis used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website. Cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed with downregulated PLCE1 expression in HCC-M and HepG2 cell lines. PLCE1 was differentially expressed and highly expressed in tumors and had low expression in nontumor tissues (all p < .05). The diagnostic value of PLCE1 was validated with the datasets (all p < .01, all areas under curves > 0.7). PLCE1 mRNA expression was associated with the overall and relapse-free survival (both p < .05). Functional experiments indicated that downregulation of PLCE1 expression led to increased G1 stage in cell cycle and decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with a negative control group (all p ≤ .05). The oncogene PLCE1 was differentially expressed in HCC and non-HCC tissues. It is a candidate for diagnosis and serves as prognosis biomarker. PLCE1 influenced survival by affecting the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan-Fa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Bo Zhang
- Department of Health Management and Division of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Lu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang-Ye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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PLCE1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in a Northwestern Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9765191. [PMID: 30931333 PMCID: PMC6413391 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9765191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The reported risk susceptibility between phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) polymorphisms and esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) remained inconsistent and controversial, especially on variants other than rs2274223. The relationship between PLCE1 polymorphisms and gene expression is also unclear. Here we conducted a case-control study from northwest China, genotyped seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PLCE1 with multiplexed SNP MassARRAY assay. Stratified analysis was carried out and PLCE1 expression was evaluated in specified groups with the method of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the minor alleles of rs3765524, rs2274223, and rs10509670 were associated with increased risk of EC and GC. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed protective haplotypes of CCAAGTC and CCAA. By stratification, a more significant association was found in subgroups of male, age ≥ 54, tumor stages of I-II and tumor size ≤ 5 cm, EC and cardia cancer (CC) of stomach, and moderate to well differentiated squamous carcinoma. In addition, a significant association for rs3765524 with noncardia cancer (NCC) and adenocarcinoma which is predominant in China was also observed. Further expression analysis identified that PLCE1 was downregulated in NCC tissues comparing to their adjacent noncancerous tissues, and its protein expression was higher in genotype rs3765524 CT/TT than in rs3765524 CC. In summary, our study suggests that PLCE1 polymorphisms may affect its gene expression and are associated with not only EC and CC, but also, to some extent, NCC risk in this study population.
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Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Saadatian Z, Nariman-Saleh-Fam L, Ouladsahebmadarek E, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Bastami M. An Association and Meta-Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Associated with PLCE1 rs2274223, C20orf54 rs13042395 and RUNX1 rs2014300 Polymorphisms. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:681-692. [PMID: 30666517 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the highest risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the world has been reported in Iran, which is located in the Asian esophageal cancer belt. ESCC constitutes 90% of the esophageal cancer cases in Iran. Genome wide association studies (GWASs) in Chinese have identified a number of candidate variants, of which PLCE1rs2274223, C20orf54rs13042395 and RUNX1rs2014300 are studied in high risk populations including Chinese, Caucasians and Africans. However, results are inconsistent and it is unknown whether similar associations exist in Iranian population. We evaluated association of three GWAS identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort consisted of 200 ESCC patients and 300 healthy controls and conducted meta-analysis of ESCC risk associated with rs2274223 (involving 9810 cases and 13,128 controls) and rs13042395 (involving 2363 cases and 5329 controls). Logistic regression analysis showed that rs2274223 was associated with ESCC under codominant [GG/AA, 2.47(1.17-5.23), P:0.021], dominant [AG + GG/AA, 1.57(1.09-2.27), P:0.016], recessive [GG/AA+AG, 2.18(1.04-4.56), P:0.036] and log-additive models [1.51(1.12-2.02), P:0.006]. C20orf54 rs13042395 was not associated with ESCC under any genetic model. RUNX1 rs2014300 was associated with risk of ESCC assuming codominant [AG/GG, 0.63(0.41-0.97), P:0.018], dominant [AG + AA/GG, 0.59 (0.39-0.89), P:0.010] and log-additive models [0.61 (0.42-0.87), P: 0.005]. Meta-analysis found significant associations between rs2274223 and ESCC under all analyzed genetic models. However, meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity showed a significant association in Asians but not non-Asian populations. No significant association was found for rs13042395 in meta-analysis. This study provided first evidence for association of GWAS-identified variants with risk of ESCC in an Iranian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Bastami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Tang C, He JY, Yu C, Wang PJ, Huang SH, Zheng HJ, Yan DQ, Zhang JH, Li Y. MicroRNA-145 performs as a tumor suppressor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting phospholipase C epsilon 1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10678-10687. [PMID: 30652343 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the leading pathologic type in China. miR-145 has been reported to be downregulated in multiple tumors. This study was aimed to investigate the role of miR-145 in ESCC. miR-145 expression was investigated in 65 ESCC samples as well as four ESCC cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Targetscan 6.2 website (http://www.targetscan.org/) was used to predict the targets of miR-145. Expression of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) messenger RNA and protein was detected by qRT-PCR or Western blot. MTT and wound healing assay were conducted to explore the effects of miR-145 on the proliferation and migration of ESCC cell lines, respectively. miR-145 was significantly decreased in ESCC tissues. An inverse correlation between miR-145 and invasion depth and TNM stage were observed. PLCE1 was a direct target of miR-145, and the expression of PLCE1 was inversely correlated with miR-145 expression in ESCC tissues. In addition, overexpression of miR-145 suppressed cell proliferation and migration in ESCC cells. The enforced expression of PLCE1 partially reversed the suppressive effect of miR-145. These results prove that miR-145 may perform as a tumor suppressor in ESCC by targeting PLCE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yuan He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Center for Health Examination, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Wang D, Peng H, Chen X, Han X, Yu J, Wang W, Liang L, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Hu J, Yang L, Li J, Zhou H, Cui X, Li F. Epigenetically upregulated oncoprotein PLCE1 drives esophageal carcinoma angiogenesis and proliferation via activating the PI-PLCε-NF-κB signaling pathway and VEGF-C/ Bcl-2 expression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:1. [PMID: 30609930 PMCID: PMC6320601 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Neovascularization during tumorigenesis supplies oxygen and nutrients to proliferative tumor cells, and serves as a conduit for migration. Targeting oncogenes involved in angiogenesis is needed to treat organ-confined and locally advanced ESCC. Although the phospholipase C epsilon-1 (PLCE1) gene was originally identified as a susceptibility gene for ESCC, how PLCE1 is involved in ESCC is unclear. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to measure the methylation status of the PLCE1 promoter region. To validate the underlying mechanism for PLCE1 in constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, we performed studies using in vitro and in vivo assays and samples from 368 formalin-fixed esophageal cancer tissues and 215 normal tissues with IHC using tissue microarrays and the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. RESULTS We report that hypomethylation-associated up-regulation of PLCE1 expression was correlated with tumor angiogenesis and poor prognosis in ESCC cohorts. PLCE1 can activate NF-κB through phosphoinositide-phospholipase C-ε (PI-PLCε) signaling pathway. Furthermore, PLCE1 can bind p65 and IκBα proteins, promoting IκBα-S32 and p65-S536 phosphorylation. Consequently, phosphorylated IκBα promotes nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and p65, as a transcription factor, can bind vascular endothelial growth factor-C and bcl-2 promoters, enhancing angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, xenograft tumors in nude mice proved that PLCE1 can induce angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and increase tumor aggressiveness via the NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings not only provide evidence that hypomethylation-induced PLCE1 confers angiogenesis and proliferation in ESCC by activating PI-PLCε-NF-κB signaling pathway and VEGF-C/Bcl-2 expression, but also suggest that modulation of PLCE1 by epigenetic modification or a selective inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.,The people's hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, 215010, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xueping Han
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jie Yu
- The people's hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, 215010, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lirong Liang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Liao X, Han C, Qin W, Liu X, Yu L, Zhu G, Yu T, Lu S, Su H, Liu Z, Chen Z, Yang C, Huang K, Liu Z, Liang Y, Huang J, Dong J, Li L, Qin X, Ye X, Xiao K, Peng M, Peng T. PLCE1 polymorphisms and expression combined with serum AFP level predicts survival of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29202-29219. [PMID: 28418898 PMCID: PMC5438724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the phospholipase C epsilon (PLCE) 1 gene play a crucial role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. The present study investigated the prognostic significance of PLCE1 gene polymorphisms and expression combined with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by sequencing DNA isolated from surgically resected tumor samples of 421 HBV-related HCC patients, and expression profiles were generated based on the GSE14520 dataset. A joint-effects analysis of PLCE1 haplotypes (Ars2274223Crs3765524; Grs2274223Trs3765524) with AFP level stratified at 20 ng/ml showed a significant association with overall survival(OS) of HBV-related HCC patients(log-rank P=0.0003). Patients with AC and GT haplotypes with AFP level ≥ 20 ng/ml had an increased risk of death as compared to those with the AC haplotype and AFP level < 20 ng/ml (adjusted P=0.029 and 0.041, respectively). Patients with the GT haplotype and AFP level < 20 ng/ml also had an increased risk of death, although with a non-significant P value (adjusted P=0.092). Joint-effects analysis of PLCE1 mRNA expression with serum AFP level stratified at 300 ng/ml was significantly associated with HBV-related HCC recurrence and OS. Our results demonstrate that PLCE1 haplotypes (including rs2274223 and rs3765524) and expression combined with serum AFP level may predict postoperative outcome of HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Sicong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jianlu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Kaiyin Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Minhao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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Expression Level of miR-34a in Tumor Tissue from Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:304-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cui X, Wang K, Yang X, Peng H, Chen X, Xin H, Tian Y, Chen Y, Li F. Comprehensive bioinformation analysis of the miRNA of PLCE1 knockdown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:111-127. [PMID: 29238898 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) has been recognized as a novel susceptibility marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The purpose of our study is to investigate its effect on the regulation of miRNA expression so as to translating the data into a novel strategy in control of ESCC. In this study, PLCE1 siRNA and vector-only plasmid were stably transfected into Eca109 and EC9706 cells and then subjected to miRNA array analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR was applied to validate miRNA array data. Then bioinformatic analyses, such as GO and pathway software, were conducted to obtain data on these differentially expressed miRNAs-targeted genes (DEGs) and clarify their function and pathway. The results showed that 36 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in PLCE1 siRNA-transfected cells compared with the control cells. In particular, 28 miRNAs were upregulated while 8 miRNAs were downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the function of the DEGs included cell cycle arrest, cell-matrix adhesion, apoptosis, etc. After this, the major pathways associated with the DEGs were regulation of actin cytoskeleton, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway and so on. Taken together, these results showed that the knockdown of PLCE1 may play a vital role in the control of ESCC. Further investigation will reveal and verify the function and pathway of the DEGs for the development of novel treatment strategy for the better control of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xinqian Yang
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Huahua Xin
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yanxia Tian
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wei L, Shao M, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Chu J, Chang J, Cheng X, Cui Q, Peng L, Luo Y, Tan W, Tan W, Lin D, Wu C. Functional role of PLCE1 intronic insertion variant associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 39:191-201. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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10
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Cui X, Xin H, Peng H, Chen Y. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the mRNA profile of PLCE1 knockdown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5871-5880. [PMID: 28849204 PMCID: PMC5865764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors previously reported that Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) exacerbated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways regulated by PLCE1 in ESCC. EC9706 and Eca109 cell lines were transfected with the specific small interfering (si) RNA of PLCE1, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of PLCE1, and subsequently, mRNA array and multiple bioinformatics analysis were conducted. RT‑qPCR was used to verify gene expression array results. The findings of the present study indicated that PLCE1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly suppressed (P<0.05) in the PLCE1 siRNA‑transfected cells. In addition, a total of 223 DEGs with >2‑fold alterations were screened between the PLCE1 siRNA‑treated cells, including 168 upregulated and 53 downregulated DEGs. In particular, inflammation or immune‑associated molecules, including Toll‑like receptor (TLR)‑4 interleukin‑6, ‑8 and chemokine C‑X‑C motif ligand 2 were significantly increased following PLCE1 knockdown. Furthermore, Gene Ontology enrichment revealed terms associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, invasion and metastasis, which may potentially be associated with PLCE1 function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated 46 pathways were disturbed by DEGs, including focal adhesion, mitogen activated protein kinase, TLR, p53 and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. The RT‑qPCR results for validation of the selected DEGs were consistent with that of the microarray data. Overall, the results of the multiple bioinformatic analysis contributes to a systematic understanding of the roles of PLCE1 in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Huahua Xin
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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11
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Zhou RM, Li Y, Wang N, Huang X, Cao SR. Phospholipase C ε-1 gene polymorphisms and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients from a high-incidence region in northern China. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:170-174. [PMID: 29387411 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies identified susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common histological type of esophageal cancer, in the phospholipase C ε-1 gene (PLCE1). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of PLCE1 were associated with the prognosis of ESCC patients in a high-incidence region of northern China. The PLCE1 rs2274223 A/G and rs11599672T/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method in 207 ESCC patients with survival information. The mean age ± standard deviation of the 207 ESCC patients was 60.3±7.9 years. Sex, age, smoking status and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer were not found to be associated with the survival time of ESCC patients. The mean survival time of rs2274223 SNP A/A, A/G and G/G genotype carriers were 42.9, 43.4 and 46.3 months, respectively; for rs11599672 SNP T/T, T/G and G/G genotype carriers the survival time were 42.8, 43.8 and 42.7 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival time among the ESCC patients with different genotypes of rs2274223 and rs11599672 SNPs. In conclusion, PLCE1 rs227423 and rs11599672 SNPs cannot be used as predictive markers for the survival of ESCC patients from a high-incidence region of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Miao Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ru Cao
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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12
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Cui XB, Peng H, Li RR, Mu JQ, Yang L, Li N, Liu CX, Hu JM, Li SG, Wei Y, Laibo-Yin, Zhou H, Li F, Chen YZ. MicroRNA-34a functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting oncogenic PLCE1 in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92454-92469. [PMID: 29190930 PMCID: PMC5696196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the frequent malignant tumors with poor prognosis worldwide. Identifying the prognostic biomarkers and potential mechanisms of such tumors has attracted increasing interest in esophageal cancer biology. Our previous study showed that phospholipase C elipson 1 (PLCE1) expression is up-regulated and associated with disease progression in esophageal carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in regulating its target gene expression. However, studies on miRNA-regulated PLCE1 expression and its cellular function are still very few. We found that miR-34a is significantly expressed lower in ESCC tissues. We further showed that PLCE1 is a direct functional target gene of miR-34a, and the functional roles of miR-34a in ESCC cell lines in vitro were also determined through gain- and loss-of-function analyses. Results revealed that miR-34a functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and EMT phenotype, as well as promoting apoptosis of ESCC cell lines. Moreover, PLCE1 is overexpressed in ESCC tumors and promotes tumorigenicity in vivo and vitro. PLCE1 expression is negatively correlated with miR-34a profiles in ESCC tissues. Our data suggest that miR-34a exerts its anti-cancer function by suppressing PLCE1. The newly identified miR-34a/PLCE1 axis partially illustrates the molecular mechanism of ESCC metastasis and represents a new candidate therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Ran-Ran Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jian-Qin Mu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Urumqi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Shu-Gang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Laibo-Yin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,The People's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, China
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13
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Song G, Liu K, Yang X, Mu B, Yang J, He L, Hu X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Cai X, Feng G. SATB1 plays an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by up-regulation of FN1 and PDGFRB. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17771-17784. [PMID: 28147311 PMCID: PMC5392285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with very poor overall prognosis. Given the strong clinical relevance of SATB1 in esophagus cancer and other cancers suggested by previous studies, the exact function of SATB1 in esophagus cancer development is still unknown. Here we showed that the knockdown of SATB1 in esophageal cancer cell lines diminished the cell proliferation, survival and invasion. Whole genome transcriptome analysis of SATB1 knockdown cells revealed the different gene expression profiles between TE-1 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Network analysis and functional experiments further identified FN1 and PDGFRB to be key downstream genes regulated by SATB1 in esophageal cancer cells. Importantly, FN1 and PDGFRB were found to be highly expressed in human esophageal cancer. In summary, we provided the first molecular evidence that SATB1 played an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by up-regulation of FN1 and PDGFRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Song
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Mu
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lang He
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiujiang Li
- Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
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14
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Zhai S, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhu J, Guo J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhou W, Chang T, Xu S, Qi Y, Zhuang T, Yu N, Wang W, Wang H, Yu S, Li X. PLCE1 Promotes Esophageal Cancer Cell Progression by Maintaining the Transcriptional Activity of Snail. Neoplasia 2017; 19:154-164. [PMID: 28147304 PMCID: PMC5279705 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is among the most deadly malignant diseases. However, the genetic factors contributing to its occurrence are poorly understood. Multiple studies with large clinic-based cohorts revealed that variations of the phospholipase C epsilon (PLCE1) gene were associated with esophageal cancer susceptibility. However, the causative role of PLCE1 in esophageal cancer is not clear. We inactivated the functional alleles of PLCE1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. The resultant PLCE1 inactivated cells were analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that loss of PLCE1 dramatically decreased the invasion and proliferation capacity of esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro. Moreover, such PLCE1 inactivated tumor grafts exhibited significantly decreased tumor size in mice. We found that PLCE1 was required to maintain protein level of snail a key transcription factor responsible for invasion. Our further transcriptomic data revealed that deficient cells were significantly decreased in expression of genes enriched as targets of Snail. Strikingly, recovery of Snail protein at least partially rescued the invasion and proliferation capacity in PLCE1 inactivated cells. In ESCC clinical specimens, PLCE1 was correlated with tumor stage (P<.0001). Interestingly, PLCE1 expression was positively correlated Snail by immunohistochemistry in such specimens (P<.0001). Therefore, our functional experiments showed the essential roles of PLCE1 in esophageal carcinoma cells and provided evidences that targeting PLCE1 and its downstream molecules could be effective therapies for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Zhai
- Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University; Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Lymphoma Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingmin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Siguang Xu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University; Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sifan Yu
- Research Center for Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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15
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Cheng Y, Xing SG, Jia WD, Huang M, Bian NN. Low PLCE1 levels are correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 10:47-54. [PMID: 28031722 PMCID: PMC5182043 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports show that phospholipase C epsilon-1 (PLCE1) expression is positively correlated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas; however, the expression of PLCE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with clinical outcome still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of PLCE1 in HCC tissue and to determine whether PLCE1 was a prognostic factor for HCC patients. Materials and methods PLCE1 levels in 20 paired HCC tissues and corresponding paracarcinomatous tissues was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. In addition, protein levels of PLCE1 in one normal liver epithelial cell and four HCC cell lines were examined using Western blot assay. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of PLCE1 in HCC and corresponding surrounding tissues from 90 patients. Statistical analyses were used to examine the association between PLCE1 levels and clinicopathological features. Results We found that the expression of PLCE1 in tumor tissues was significantly lower than those in paracarcinomatous tissues at both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). We also determined that PLCE1 protein expression levels were lower in HCC cell lines than normal liver epithelial cells (P<0.05). Notably, immunohistochemical assay showed that PLCE1 expression was significantly low in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal liver tissues (40% vs 18.9%; P<0.05). Besides, PLCE1 levels were negatively correlated with tumor capsulae, vascular invasion, Edmondson grade, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that lower level expression of PLCE1 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) rate (P<0.001) and disease-free survival rate (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that low PLCE1 level was an independent poor prognostic factor of OS and recurrence-free survival (P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively). Conclusion In brief, our results revealed that decreased PLCE1 expression was associated with tumor progression in HCC and may function as a promising biomarker for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Song-Ge Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Na-Na Bian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
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16
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Cui XB, Li S, Li TT, Peng H, Jin TT, Zhang SM, Liu CX, Yang L, Shen YY, Li SG, Li N, Li Y, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Suo J, Qi Y, Liang WH, Wang LH, Dang HW, Li L, Cao WW, Wei Y, Laibo-Yin, Wu CY, Yuan XL, Zhou H, Zheng Y, Chen YZ, Li F. Targeting oncogenic PLCE1 by miR-145 impairs tumor proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1777-95. [PMID: 26657507 PMCID: PMC4811497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is a susceptibility gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Nevertheless, the role of PLCE1 in ESCC tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we determined the function of PLCE1 and its regulatory microRNA (miRNA) in ESCC. PLCE1 protein was excessively expressed in ESCC and precancerous lesions compared with that in normal tissues. High PLCE1 expression levels in ESCC were significantly linked with poor overall survival. Knockdown of PLCE1 promoted the apoptosis, cytokine-induced apoptosis, and sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs but abrogated the proliferation and EMT phenotype of ESCC in vitro. Notably, miR-145 was newly identified as a potent repressor of PLCE1 expression by directly targeting the 3′UTR of PLCE1. MiR-145 also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, as well as controlled the cytoskeleton dynamics of esophageal cancer. Moreover, miR-145 was expressed at low levels in a large cohort of patients with ESCC and was inversely correlated with PLCE1 protein expression in cancer cells and tissues. These findings demonstrate that PLCE1 functions as tumor promoter in ESCC and can be suppressed by miR-145 through inhibition of PLCE1 translation. Hence, delivery of PLCE1-targeting miR-145 is a potential therapeutic approach for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yao-Yuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, People Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shu-Gang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jing Suo
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong-Wei Dang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Laibo-Yin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuan-Yue Wu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiang-Lin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Zheng
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Cui XB, Zhang SM, Xu YX, Dang HW, Liu CX, Wang LH, Yang L, Hu JM, Liang WH, Jiang JF, Li N, Li Y, Chen YZ, Li F. PFN2, a novel marker of unfavorable prognosis, is a potential therapeutic target involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:137. [PMID: 27188458 PMCID: PMC4870769 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressively malignant tumors with dismal prognosis. Profilin 2 (PFN2) is an actin-binding protein that regulates the dynamics of actin polymerization and plays a key role in cell motility. Recently, PFN2 have emerged as significant regulators of cancer processes. However, the clinical significance and biological function of PFN2 in ESCC remain unclear. Methods PFN2 protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray from Chinese Han and Kazakh populations with ESCC. The associations among PFN2 expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of ESCC were analyzed. The effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were examined using MTT and Transwell assays. Markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with normal esophageal epithelium (NEE), PFN2 protein expression was markedly increased in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and ESCC, increased gradually from LGIN to ESCC, and finally reached high grade in HGIN in the Han population. Similarly, PFN2 protein was more overexpressed in ESCC than in NEE in the Kazakh population. The results of Western blot analysis also showed that PFN2 expression was significantly higher in the ESCC tissue than in a matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue. PFN2 expression was positively correlated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. High PFN2 expression was significantly correlated with short overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023). Cox regression analysis revealed that PFN2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in ESCC. Downregulation of PFN2 inhibited, rather than proliferated, cell invasion and migration, as well as induced an EMT phenotype, including increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, decreased mesenchymal marker Vimentin, Snail, Slug and ZEB1, and morphological changes in ESCC cells in vitro. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PFN2 has a novel role in promoting ESCC progression and metastasis and portending a poor prognosis, indicating that PFN2 could act as an early biomarker of high-risk population. Targeting PFN2 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yue-Xun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Dang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Han N, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Zheng P. MiR-328 suppresses the survival of esophageal cancer cells by targeting PLCE1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:175-180. [PMID: 26773497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EC development and diagnosis. In our study, qPCR analysis showed that miRNA-328 was expressed at significantly low levels in EC109 and EC9706 cells. The results also showed that overexpression of miR-328 by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer markedly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis; whereas, inhibition of miR-328 significantly promoted cell proliferation and invasion, and suppressed apoptosis in EC109 and EC9706 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-328 directly targeted phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) by binding to target sequences in the 3'-UTR. qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that the PLCE1 was overexpressed in EC109 and EC9706 cells. Additionally, we found that miR-328 overexpression decreased PLCE1 mRNA and protein levels, while miR-328 inhibition enhanced the PLCE1 expression. Further analysis showed that PLCE1 overexpression rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-328 on cell proliferation and invasion, and repressed the promotive effect of miR-328 on cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-328 suppresses the survival of EC cells by regulating PLCE1 expression, which might be a potential therapeutic method for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhongmian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- No.3, Kangfuqian Street, Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China; No.3, Kangfuqian Street, Medical Microecology and Clinical Nutrition Research Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
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19
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Cui XB, Shen YY, Jin TT, Li S, Li TT, Zhang SM, Peng H, Liu CX, Li SG, Yang L, Li N, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Li M, Liang WH, Li Y, Wei YT, Sun ZZ, Wu CY, Chen YZ, Li F. SLC39A6: a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:321. [PMID: 26444413 PMCID: PMC4595240 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly lethal cancer, and its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies in Chinese Han populations have identified an ESCC susceptibility locus within the SLC39A6 gene. Here, we sought to explore the expression and biological function of SLC39A6 in ESCC. Methods Multiethnic validation of SLC39A6 protein expression was performed in different cohorts of patients from Chinese Han and Kazakh populations in the Xinjiang region by immunohistochemistry. The associations among SLC39A6 expression, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis outcomes of ESCC were analyzed. And the effects of SLC39A6 silencing by siRNA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasiveness, as well as the proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal cancer cells, were studied. Results SLC39A6 protein expression increased progressively from normal esophageal epithelium (NEE) to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to ESCC, and finally reached the highest in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia from Han ethnic. Similarly, SLC39A6 protein was significantly overexpressed in Kazakh ethnic ESCC compared with that in NEE. Increased expression of SLC39A6 was found to be closely correlated with histological grade and early Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage I/II. High tumorous SLC39A6 expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis confirmed that SLC39A6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in ESCC. Experimentally, the suppression of SLC39A6 expression promoted ESCC cell apoptosis but abrogated proliferation and invasion, and induced an EMT phenotype that included enhanced expression of E-cadherin, loss of vimentin, and morphological changes in ESCC cells in vitro. Conclusions Combined, our findings highlight a tumor-promoting role for SLC39A6 in ESCC, suggesting that SLC39A6 could serve as an early detector of high-risk subjects and prognostic biomarker. The targeting of SLC39A6 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0681-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yao-Yuan Shen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China. .,Department of Pathology, People Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Su Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Shu-Gang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhu Sun
- Department of Pathology, People Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
| | - Chuan-Yue Wu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, 832002, Shihezi, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Cui XB, Peng H, Li S, Li TT, Liu CX, Zhang SM, Jin TT, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Liang WH, Li N, Li L, Chen YZ, Li F. Prognostic Value of PLCE1 Expression in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9661-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Zhu H, Chen X, Chen B, Chen B, Song W, Sun D, Zhao Y. Activating transcription factor 4 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis in mice and is associated with poor prognosis in human patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103882. [PMID: 25078779 PMCID: PMC4117569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress response gene that is involved in homeostasis and cellular protection. However, its expression and function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinicopathologic significance of ATF4 in ESCC and its potential role in ESCC invasion and metastasis. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrated that ATF4 overexpression is correlated with multiple malignant characteristics and indicates poor prognosis in ESCC patients. ATF4 expression was an independent factor that affected the overall survival of patients with ESCC after surgical resection. ATF4 promoted cell invasion and metastasis by promoting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-7 expression, while its silencing significantly attenuated these activities both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions/Significance We report that ATF4 is a potential biomarker for ESCC prognosis and that its dysregulation may play a key role in the regulation of invasion and metastasis in ESCC cells. The targeting of ATF4 may provide a new strategy for blocking ESCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of the Nanjing Military Command of the PLA, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibing Song
- Department of Gerontology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (YZ)
| | - Yagang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (YZ)
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22
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Li WQ, Hu N, Burton VH, Yang HH, Su H, Conway CM, Wang L, Wang C, Ding T, Xu Y, Giffen C, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Hewitt SM, Taylor PR. PLCE1 mRNA and protein expression and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1579-1588. [PMID: 24867265 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline genetic variants in PLCE1 (10q23) have demonstrated consistent associations with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer among Chinese. We evaluated PLCE1 mRNA and protein expression in paired tumor-normal tissues, and their relationship with survival. METHODS PLCE1 mRNA was profiled using three probes in the Affymetrix GeneChip U133 for paired tumor-normal tissues of ESCC (n = 132), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA, n = 62), and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA, n = 72). We used immunohistochemistry to detect PLCE1 protein on slides from tissue microarrays in paired tumor-normal tissues of ESCC (n = 303), and tumors of GCA (n = 298) and GNCA (n = 124). RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, PLCE1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in ESCC tumors (P = 0.03, probe_205112_at), as well as in GCA and GNCA tumors (P < 0.0001, each probe). Protein expression was nonsignificantly reduced in ESCC tumors (P = 0.51). Increased tumor-normal mRNA fold change (probe_205112_at) was associated with longer survival in ESCC (9.6 months for highest vs. lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.02). Increased mRNA tumor-normal fold change (probe_205111_at) was associated with longer survival for GCA (10.7 months for highest quartile; Ptrend = 0.04), but not for GNCA cases (P = 0.72). Similar to mRNA, elevated tumor-normal fold change for protein in ESCC was also associated with improved survival (8.1 months for highest quartile; Ptrend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated PLCE1 mRNA expression was observed for both ESCC (one probe only) and GCA tumors, and the altered PLCE1 expression seems to be associated with cancer prognosis. IMPACT A potential role for PLCE1 in the early detection and/or therapy of ESCC and GCA warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Victoria H Burton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Howard H Yang
- Office of the Director, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Catherine M Conway
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
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A multigenic approach to evaluate genetic variants of PLCE1, LXRs, MMPs, TIMP, and CYP genes in gallbladder cancer predisposition. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8597-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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Cui X, Zhao Z, Liu D, Guo T, Li S, Hu J, Liu C, Yang L, Cao Y, Jiang J, Liang W, Liu W, Li S, Wang L, Wang L, Gu W, Wu C, Chen Y, Li F. Inactivation of miR-34a by aberrant CpG methylation in Kazakh patients with esophageal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:20. [PMID: 24528540 PMCID: PMC3931274 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis and high incidence and mortality in Kazakh population. MiR-34a, a direct p53 target gene, possesses tumor-suppressive properties as they mediate apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. The reduced expression of miR-34a by methylation in various cancers has been reported. Methods To determine whether aberrant miR-34a methylation occurs in esophageal cancer, the DNA methylation of 23 CpGs sites in the miR-34a promoter was quantitatively analyzed in relation to the translation initiation site by MALDI -TOF mass spectrometry in 59 ESCC tissues and 34 normal tissues from the Kazakh population. Real-time PCR was used to detect the inhibition of miR-34a expression levels and to evaluate their association with methylation. Results We found that miR-34a is more frequently methylated in ESCC (0.133 ± 0.040) than in controls (0.066 ± 0.045, P < 0.01). A nearly two-fold increase in miR-34a expression for the hypomethylated promoter was found in normal esophageal tissues than ESCC with hypermethylation (P <0.0001), pointing to a negative relationship between miR-34a CpG sites methylation and expression(r = −0.594, P = 0.042). The hypermethylation of miR-34a CpG_8.9 was associated with the advanced UICC stage III/IV of the esophageal cancers, and the hypermethylation of CpG_8.9 and CpG_5 of miR-34a was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that miR-34a is involved in the etiology of ESCC and that hypermethylated miR-34a is a potential biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, targeting miR-34a methylation by demethylating agents may offer a novel strategy for anticancer therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.
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Bhat GA, Shah IA, Makhdoomi MA, Iqbal B, Rafiq R, Nabi S, Masood A, Lone MM, Dar NA. CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 genotypes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-incidence region, Kashmir. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5323-30. [PMID: 24504680 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of phase I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP2E1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Kashmir, India. The different genotypes of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 526 ESCC cases and equal number of matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association of various genotypes with ESCC, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions. High risk of ESCC was found in participants who carried CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype (OR=2.87; 95 % CI=1.00-8.44) and the risk increased in such individuals when c1/c1 of CYP2E1 genotype was also present (OR=5.68; 95 % CI=1.09-29.52). Risk due to CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype was further enhanced (OR=8.55; 95 % CI=1.86-42.20) when the analysis was limited to ever smokers. Participants who carried CYP2E1 c1/c2 genotype showed an inverse relation (OR=0.27; 95 % CI=0.17-0.43) with ESCC. The inverse association of CYP2E1 c1/c2 genotype was retained when CYP1A1 Ile/Ile was also present (OR=0.18; 95 % CI=0.09-0.32), as well as when analysis was limited to ever smokers (OR=0.45; 95 % CI=0.23-0.90). Significant interaction was found between CYP1A1 (Val/Val) and CYP2E1 (c1/c1) genotypes (OR=1.30; 95 % CI=1.12-1.51; P=0.001) and between CYP1A1 (Val/Val) and smoking (OR=1.31; 95 % CI=1.01-1.69; P=0.043). The study suggests CYP1A1 Val/Val and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotypes are significantly associated with ESCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
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Pang XL, Cui XB, Li S, Jin J, Liang WH, Li F, Chen YZ. Clinical significance of expression of PKCα and NF-κB p50/p65 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kazakh patients. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:227-232. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50/p65 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Kazakh patients and to analyze their clinical significance.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PKCα and NF-κB p50/p65 in 50 ESCC specimens and matched tumor-adjacent normal tissues.
RESULTS: The positive rates of PKCα and NF-κB p50/p65 proteins in ESCC were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (PKCα: 46.0% vs 8.0%; p50: 82.0% vs 48.0%; p65: 56.0% vs 36.0%, P = 1.9 × 10-5, 3.7 × 10-4 and 0.045, respectively). The expression of PKCα protein was closely correlated with ESCC differentiation (P = 0.030), p50 expression was correlated with metastasis (P = 0.042), and p65 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation and invasion (P = 0.015 and 0.042, respectively). PKCα expression had a positive correlation with p50 and p65 expression in ESCC (p50: r = 0.435, P = 4.5 × 10-6; p65: r = 0.626, P = 1 × 10-6).
CONCLUSION: The interaction of PKCα with NF-κB signal pathway may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of ESCC in Kazakh patients.
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Elevated expression patterns and tight correlation of the PLCE1 and NF-κB signaling in Kazakh patients with esophageal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 31:791. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cui X, Chen Y, Liu L, Li L, Hu J, Yang L, Liang W, Li F. Heterozygote of PLCE1 rs2274223 increases susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection in patients with esophageal carcinoma among the Kazakh populations. J Med Virol 2013; 86:608-17. [PMID: 24127316 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous carcinoma remains undetermined. However, three genome-wide association studies of esophageal cancer have identified a shared susceptibility locus at 10q23 (rs2274223: A5780G) in phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1). The current study aims to present a comprehensive and novel spectrum about the HPV genotype distribution of esophageal carcinoma in Kazakhs and assess its association with PLCE1 polymorphisms. The HPV genotypes in 183 patients with esophageal cancer and 89 controls selected from the Kazakh population were evaluated using the HPV gene chip. The PLCE1 rs2274223 variant was genotyped in esophageal carcinoma patients by MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry. The presence of seven HPV genotypes in esophageal carcinoma tissues-including HPV 16, 18, 35, 52, 6, 11, 43-was significantly higher at 31.7% than those in controls at 9.0% (P < 0.001). Such presence was strongly associated with increased risk of esophageal carcinoma (OR 4.70; 95% CI 2.13-10.36). Among all HPV genotypes detected, HPV16 was the most common genotype identified (29.0%, OR 4.13; 95% CI 1.87-9.13), which is significantly associated with well-differentiated esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.037). HPV-positive patients were generally younger than HPV-negative patients (70.1% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.013). PLCE1 rs2274223 genotypes AG and AG/GG were significantly associated with HPV-positive patients with esophageal carcinoma (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.03-4.08 and OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02-3.84, respectively). These findings suggest that heterozygote of PLCE1 rs2274223 increases susceptibility to HPV infection in patients with esophageal carcinoma among the Kazakh populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cui XB, Chen YZ, Pang XL, Liu W, Hu JM, Li SG, Yang L, Zhang WJ, Liu CX, Cao YW, Jiang JF, Gu WY, Pang J, Yang L, Yuan XL, Yu SY, Li F. Multiple polymorphisms within the PLCE1 are associated with esophageal cancer via promoting the gene expression in a Chinese Kazakh population. Gene 2013; 530:315-22. [PMID: 23981775 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although recent genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) identified a susceptibility locus in phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in Chinese Han populations, few studies further confirmed these findings in pure Kazakh population in which there are higher incidence and mortality of ESCC. Here, we investigated the potential associations between 19 SNPs of PLCE1 and susceptibility to ESCC in 222 cases and 326 controls from a pure ethnic population of Kazakh. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the PLCE1 expression levels and evaluate their association with PLCE1 polymorphism. We found that only 4 SNPs (rs753724, rs11187842, rs2274223, and rs12263737) with moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) confer significantly increased risk of ESCC, with the ORs ranging from 1.43 to 2.04, and there was a risk allele dose-dependent increase in ESCC risk (P-trend=0.043). Especially, the risk effects of rs2274223 were more evident in poor differentiation and advanced clinical stages of Kazakh ESCC. Additionally, the significantly lowest PLCE1 mRNA expression was found in the KYSE-150 cell line having no risk alleles compared with other three cell lines having risk alleles, and the normal tissues of both homozygous mutant type of PLCE1 rs12263737 and rs2274223 had a higher PLCE1 staining score than that of homozygous wild type. Our findings suggested that genetic variants in PLCE1 might serve as candidate markers for Kazakh ESCC susceptibility, and these LD variants might influence ESCC risk individually and jointly by promoting the messenger RNA and protein expression of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832002, China
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