1
|
Kumar R, George B, Campbell MR, Verma N, Paul AM, Melo-Alvim C, Ribeiro L, Pillai MR, da Costa LM, Moasser MM. HER family in cancer progression: From discovery to 2020 and beyond. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:109-160. [PMID: 32593399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the first layer of molecules that receive, interpret, and transduce signals leading to distinct cancer cell phenotypes. Since the discovery of the tooth-lid factor-later characterized as the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-and its high-affinity binding EGF receptor, HER kinases have emerged as one of the commonly upregulated or hyperactivated or mutated kinases in epithelial tumors, thus allowing HER1-3 family members to regulate several hallmarks of cancer development and progression. Each member of the HER family exhibits shared and unique structural features to engage multiple receptor activation modes, leading to a range of overlapping and distinct phenotypes. EGFR, the founding HER family member, provided the roadmap for the development of the cell surface RTK-directed targeted cancer therapy by serving as a prototype/precursor for the currently used HER-directed cancer drugs. We herein provide a brief account of the discoveries, defining moments, and historical context of the HER family and guidepost advances in basic, translational, and clinical research that solidified a prominent position of the HER family in cancer research and treatment. We also discuss the significance of HER3 pseudokinase in cancer biology; its unique structural features that drive transregulation among HER1-3, leading to a superior proximal signaling response; and potential role of HER3 as a shared effector of acquired therapeutic resistance against diverse oncology drugs. Finally, we also narrate some of the current drawbacks of HER-directed therapies and provide insights into postulated advances in HER biology with extensive implications of these therapies in cancer research and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Bijesh George
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Verma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Cecília Melo-Alvim
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Luis Marques da Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loree JM, Bailey AM, Johnson AM, Yu Y, Wu W, Bristow CA, Davis JS, Shaw KR, Broaddus R, Banks KC, Lanman RB, Meric-Bernstam F, Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Raghav K. Molecular Landscape of ERBB2/ERBB3 Mutated Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:1409-1417. [PMID: 29718453 PMCID: PMC6292791 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite growing therapeutic relevance of ERBB2 amplifications in colorectal cancer (CRC), little is known about ERBB2/ERBB3 mutations. We aimed to characterize these subsets of CRC. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 419 CRC patients from MD Anderson (MDACC) and 619 patients from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS)/Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) with tissue sequencing, clinicopathologic, mutational, and consensus molecular subtype (CMS) profiles of ERBB2/ERBB3 mutant patients. A third cohort of 1623 CRC patients with ctDNA assays characterized the ctDNA profile of ERBB2 mutants. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results ERBB2 mutations occurred in 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4% to 6.4%), 5.8% (95% CI = 4.1% to 8.0%), and 5.1% (95% CI = 4.0% to 6.2%) of MDACC, NHS/HPFS, and ctDNA patients, respectively. ERBB3 mutations occurred in 5.7% (95% CI = 3.7% to 8.4%, 95% CI = 4.0% to 7.8%) of patients in both tissue cohorts. Age, stage, and tumor location were not associated with either mutation. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was associated with ERBB2 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.98, 95% CI = 2.47 to 14.49, P < .001; OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 2.38 to 11.05, P < .001) and ERBB3 mutations (OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.51 to 8.02, P = .002; OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.05 to 10.96, P = .03) in both tissue cohorts. Neither gene was associated with TP53, APC, KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF mutations in tissue. However, PIK3CA mutations were strongly associated with ERBB2 mutations in all three cohorts (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.83 to 7.41, P = .001; OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.58, P = .02; OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.25 to 3.58, P = .004) and ERBB3 mutations in the MDACC cohort (OR = 13.26, 95% CI = 5.27 to 33.33, P < .001). ERBB2 (P = 0.08) and ERBB3 (P = .008) mutations were associated with CMS1 subtype. ERBB2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.23 to 4.03, P = .009), but not ERBB3 (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.73, P = .73), mutations were associated with worse overall survival. Conclusions MSI and PIK3CA mutations are associated with ERBB2/ERBB3 mutations. Co-occurring PIK3CA mutations may represent a second hit to oncogenic signaling that needs consideration when targeting ERBB2/ERBB3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Loree
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ann M Bailey
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Overman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabel L, Aparicio T, Bieche I, Svrcek M, Zaanan A, Afchain P, Di Fiore F, Gornet JM, Le Corre D, Vacher S, Callens C, Bernard V, Laurent-Puig P, Bidard FC. ERBB3-Activating Mutations in Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-9. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Functional studies have demonstrated that some mutations of ERBB3, which encodes for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 3, are oncogenic via activation of the ErbB family signaling pathway. Significant clinical activity of anti-HER2 therapies (trastuzumab plus lapatinib combination or afatinib) has been reported in patients with ERBB3-mutated cancers. This study was designed to report the rate of activating ERBB3 mutations in small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), a rare tumor type in which we previously reported a high rate (12%) of ERBB2-activating mutations. Materials and Methods DNA from 74 SBAs, previously characterized for ERBB2 mutations and mismatch repair status, was submitted for sequencing of ERBB3 exons 3, 6, 7, 8, and 23. Orthogonal validation by targeted next-generation sequencing was performed. Results Four of 74 SBAs (5.4%) displayed ERBB3-activating mutations, including three p.V104M mutations (c.310 G>A) in exon 3 and one p.E928G mutation (c.2783 A>G) in exon 23. No mutations were detected in exons 6, 7, and 8. ERBB3-activating mutations were associated with microsatellite instability ( P = .002) and the presence of ERBB2-activating mutations ( P = .002). Two SBAs with co-occurrence of ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations were further analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Mutant allelic frequencies suggested that both mutations were shared by the same clone rather than being harbored by mutually exclusive tumor subclones. Conclusion SBAs display a high rate of ERBB3-activating mutations, which have been shown to be targetable by anti-HER2 therapies. Strikingly, ERBB3 was frequently comutated with ERBB2, suggesting a strong oncogenic addiction of these SBAs to the HER2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Cabel
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Aparicio
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Aziz Zaanan
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Pauline Afchain
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Frédéric Di Fiore
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gornet
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Celine Callens
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Bernard
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - François-Clément Bidard
- Luc Cabel, Ivan Bieche, Sophie Vacher, Celine Callens, Virginie Bernard, and François-Clément Bidard, Institut Curie; Thomas Aparicio and Jean-Marc Gornet, Hôpital Saint Louis; Magali Svrcek and Pauline Afchain, Hôpital Saint Antoine; Aziz Zaanan, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Delphine Le Corre and Pierre Laurent-Puig, Paris Descartes University, Paris; and Frédéric Di Fiore, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luhtala S, Staff S, Kallioniemi A, Tanner M, Isola J. Clinicopathological and prognostic correlations of HER3 expression and its degradation regulators, NEDD4-1 and NRDP1, in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1045. [PMID: 30367623 PMCID: PMC6204010 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3), especially in association with its relative HER2 (ErbB2), is known as a key oncogene in breast tumour biology. Nonetheless, the prognostic relevance of HER3 remains controversial. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 are signalling molecules closely related to the degradation of HER3 via ubiquitination. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 have been reported to contribute to HER3-mediated signalling by regulating its localization and cell membrane retention. We studied correlations between HER3, NEDD4–1, and NRDP1 protein expression and their association with tumour histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods The prevalence of immunohistochemically detectable expression profiles of HER3 (n = 177), NEDD4–1 (n = 145), and NRDP1 (n = 145) proteins was studied in primary breast carcinomas on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Clinicopathological correlations were determined statistically using Pearson’s Chi-Square test. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), and Cox regression analysis were utilized for survival analysis. Results HER3 protein was expressed in breast carcinomas without association with HER2 gene amplification status. Absence or low HER3 expression correlated with clinically aggressive features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, basal cell origin (cytokeratin 5/14 expression combined with ER negativity), large tumour size, and positive lymph node status. Low total HER3 expression was prognostic for shorter recurrence-free survival time in HER2-amplified breast cancer (p = 0.004, p = 0.020 in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The majority (82.8%) of breast cancers demonstrated NEDD4–1 protein expression - while only a minor proportion (8.3%) of carcinomas expressed NRDP1. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 expression were not associated with clinical outcomes in HER2-amplified breast cancer, irrespective of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Conclusions Low HER3 expression is suggested to be a valuable prognostic biomarker to predict recurrence in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Neither NEDD4–1 nor NRDP1 demonstrated relevance in prognostics or in the subclassification of HER2-amplified breast carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satu Luhtala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Synnöve Staff
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Tanner
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siravegna G, Lazzari L, Crisafulli G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Mussolin B, Cassingena A, Martino C, Lanman RB, Nagy RJ, Fairclough S, Rospo G, Corti G, Bartolini A, Arcella P, Montone M, Lodi F, Lorenzato A, Vanzati A, Valtorta E, Cappello G, Bertotti A, Lonardi S, Zagonel V, Leone F, Russo M, Balsamo A, Truini M, Di Nicolantonio F, Amatu A, Bonazzina E, Ghezzi S, Regge D, Vanzulli A, Trusolino L, Siena S, Marsoni S, Bardelli A. Radiologic and Genomic Evolution of Individual Metastases during HER2 Blockade in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:148-162.e7. [PMID: 29990497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting HER2 is effective in 24% of ERBB2 amplified metastatic colorectal cancer; however, secondary resistance occurs in most of the cases. We studied the evolution of individual metastases during treatment to discover spatially resolved determinants of resistance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis identified alterations associated with resistance in the majority of refractory patients. ctDNA profiles and lesion-specific radiographic reports revealed organ- or metastasis-private evolutionary patterns. When radiologic assessments documented progressive disease in target lesions, response to HER2 blockade was retained in other metastases. Genomic and functional analyses on samples and cell models from eight metastases of a patient co-recruited to a postmortem study unveiled lesion-specific evolutionary trees and pharmacologic vulnerabilities. Lesion size and contribution of distinct metastases to plasma ctDNA were correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Lazzari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | - Giovanni Crisafulli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Cassingena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Cosimo Martino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Rospo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Giorgio Corti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Arcella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Monica Montone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Lodi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | | | - Alice Vanzati
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Emanuele Valtorta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bertotti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS, Oncologia Medica 1, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS, Oncologia Medica 1, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Truini
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | - Alessio Amatu
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Erica Bonazzina
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Daniele Regge
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Angelo Vanzulli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Silvia Marsoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO 10060, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor suppressor microRNA-31 inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by targeting Smad4 and SGPP2. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:564-72. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Lin Y, Wu Z, Guo W, Li J. Gene mutations in gastric cancer: a review of recent next-generation sequencing studies. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7385-94. [PMID: 26364057 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although some driver genes have been identified in GC, the molecular compositions of GC have not been fully understood. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a high-throughput and systematic method to identify all genetic alterations in the cancer genome, especially in the field of mutation detection. NGS studies in GC have discovered some novel driver mutations. In this review, we focused on novel gene mutations discovered by NGS studies, along with some well-known driver genes in GC. We organized mutated genes from the perspective of related biological pathways. Mutations in genes relating to genome integrity (TP53, BRCA2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1A), cell adhesion (CDH1, FAT4, CTNNA1), cytoskeleton and cell motility (RHOA), Wnt pathway (CTNNB1, APC, RNF43), and RTK pathway (RTKs, RAS family, MAPK pathway, PIK pathway) are discussed. Efforts to establish a molecular classification based on NGS data which is valuable for future targeted therapy for GC are introduced. Comprehensive dissection of the molecular profile of GC cannot only unveil the molecular basis for GC but also identify genes of clinical utility, especially potential and specific therapeutic targets for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - W Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - J Li
- Tongji University Tianyou Hospital, Shanghai, 200331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MicroRNA let-7b suppresses human gastric cancer malignancy by targeting ING1. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:122-9. [PMID: 25613480 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators that play key roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we investigate whether let-7b acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit invasion and metastasis in gastric cancers. We analyzed the expression of let-7b in 60 pair-matched gastric neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of let-7b expression was assessed in vitro in gastric cancer cell lines with let-7b precursor and inhibitor. The roles of let-7b in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis were analyzed using a stable let-7b expression plasmid in nude mice. A luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the effect of let-7b on inhibitor of growth family, member 1 (ING1) expression. Real-time PCR showed decreased levels of let-7b expression in metastatic gastric cancer tissues and cell lines that are potentially highly metastatic. Cell invasion and migration were significantly impaired in GC9811-P and SGC7901-M cell lines after transfection with let-7b mimics. Nude mice with xenograft models of gastric cancer confirmed that let-7b could inhibit gastric cancer metastasis in vivo after transfection by the lentivirus pGCsil-GFP- let-7b. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that let-7b directly binds to the 3'-UTR of ING1, and real-time PCR and western blotting further indicated that let-7b downregulated the expression of ING1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of let-7b in gastric cancer can inhibit invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells through directly targeting the tumor metastasis-associated gene ING1. These findings help clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis and indicate that let-7b modulation may be a bona fide treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|