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Le Guen P, Borie R, Legendre M, Dupin C, Dunogeant L, Ottaviani S, Debray MP, Cazes A, Dieudé P, Kannengiesser C, Crestani B. NKX2.1 mutation revealed by a lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in an adult with rheumatoid arthritis. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00682-2022. [PMID: 37228267 PMCID: PMC10204795 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00682-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first case of a 37-year-old female patient carrier of a heterozygous NKX2.1 mutation associated with RA-ILD with a histological pattern of LIP. This case illustrates the wide panel of ILD subtypes associated with NKX2.1 mutations. https://bit.ly/3F49OTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Guen
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U933 Maladies génétiques pédiatriques, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Unité de Génétique moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Clairelyne Dupin
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Dunogeant
- Centre hospitalier du pays d'Aix, Service de rhumatologie et médecine interne, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Sébastien Ottaviani
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Rhumatologie, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Debray
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Département d'anatomie pathologique, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Dieudé
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Rhumatologie, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de génétique, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Université de Paris, INSERM 1152, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, DHU APOLLO, Paris, France
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Wu Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Liang X, Cheng L, Wu T, Wen J, Tan C, Liu Y. Proteomics: Potential techniques for discovering the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases-interstitial lung disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146904. [PMID: 37063894 PMCID: PMC10090492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious lung complications of connective tissue disease (CTD). The application of proteomics in the past decade has revealed that various proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of each subtype of CTD-ILD through different pathways, providing novel ideas to study pathological mechanisms and clinical biomarkers. On this basis, a multidimensional diagnosis or prediction model is established. This paper reviews the results of proteomic detection of different subtypes of CTD-ILD and discusses the role of some differentially expressed proteins in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuping Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Tan, ; Yi Liu,
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Tan, ; Yi Liu,
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Sofíudóttir BK, Harders SMW, Lage-Hansen PR, Christensen R, Munk HL, Sorensen GL, Davidsen JR, Ellingsen T. Using thoracic ultrasound to detect interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a protocol for the diagnostic test accuracy AURORA study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067434. [PMID: 36564119 PMCID: PMC9791457 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary diseases are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) may be prevalent in up to 30% and clinically evident in 10% of patients with RA. Feasible methods to detect concomitant ILD in RA are warranted. Our objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) for ILD in patients with RA with respiratory symptoms, by using chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) as the reference standard. Further, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for the promising blood biomarkers surfactant protein-D and microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in the detection of ILD in this group of patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS By use of a standardised 14 zone protocol patients suspected of having RA-ILD will undergo TUS as index test performed by a junior resident in rheumatology (BKS), who is certified by the European Respiratory Society in performing TUS assessments. Participants form a consecutive series of up to 80 individuals in total. The anonymised TUS images will be stored and scored by the junior resident as well as two senior rheumatologists, who have received training in TUS, and a TUS-experienced pulmonologist. HRCT will be used as the gold standard for ILD diagnosis (reference standard). The two basic measures for quantifying the diagnostic test accuracy of the TUS test are the sensitivity and specificity in comparison to the HRCT. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Data will be collected and stored in the Research Electronic Data Capture database. The study is approved by the Committees on Health Research Ethics and the Danish Data Protection Agency. The project is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05396469, pre-results) and data will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørk Khaliqi Sofíudóttir
- Department of Rheumatology, PUlmo-REuma Clinic OUH (PURE), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, Parker Instituttet, Frederiksberg, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Stefan M W Harders
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | | | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, Parker Instituttet, Frederiksberg, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Heidi Lausten Munk
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
- South Danish Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases (SCILS) and PUlmo-REuma Clinic OUH (PURE), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Department of Rheumatology, PUlmo-REuma Clinic OUH (PURE), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Hu G, Shang X, Ming J, Deng M, Li Y, Ma Y, Liu S, Zhou Y. Innate/Inflammatory Bioregulation of Surfactant Protein D Alleviates Rat Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913901. [PMID: 35865531 PMCID: PMC9294227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a deteriorating disease of cartilage tissues mainly characterized as low-grade inflammation of the joint. Innate immune molecule surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of collectin family of collagenous Ca2+-dependent defense lectins and plays a vital role in the inflammatory and innate immune responses. The present study investigated the SP-D-mediated innate/inflammatory bioregulation in OA and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SP-D regulated genes were strongly enriched in the inflammatory response, immune response, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PI3K-Akt signaling, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathways. Knockdown of the SP-D gene by the recombinant adeno-associated virus promoted the macrophage specific markers of CD68, F4/80 and TLR4 in the articular cartilage in vivo. SP-D alleviated the infiltration of synovial macrophages and neutrophils, and inhibited TLR4, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and NF-κB p65 in cartilage. SP-D suppressed cartilage degeneration, inflammatory and immune responses in the rat OA model, whilst TAK-242 strengthened this improvement. In in vitro conditions, SP-D pre-treatment inhibited LPS-induced overproduction of inflammation-correlated cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and suppressed the overexpression of TLR4, MD-2 and NLRP3. SP-D prevented the LPS-induced degradation of ECM by down-regulating MMP-13 and up-regulating collagen II. Blocking of TLR4 by TAK-242 further enhanced these manifestations. We also demonstrated that SP-D binds to the TLR4/MD-2 complex to suppress TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling activation in chondrocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that SP-D has chondroprotective properties dependent on TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling and that SP-D has an optimal bioregulatory effect on the inflammatory and innate responses in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geliang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghua Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhou,
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Murugaiah V, Agostinis C, Varghese PM, Belmonte B, Vieni S, Alaql FA, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Kaur A, Roberts T, Madan T, Bulla R, Kishore U. Hyaluronic Acid Present in the Tumor Microenvironment Can Negate the Pro-apototic Effect of a Recombinant Fragment of Human Surfactant Protein D on Breast Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1171. [PMID: 32733438 PMCID: PMC7360846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human surfactant protein D (SP-D) belongs to the family of collectins that is composed of a characteristic amino-terminal collagenous region and a carboxy-terminal C-type lectin domain. Being present at the mucosal surfaces, SP-D acts as a potent innate immune molecule and offers protection against non-self and altered self, such as pathogens, allergens, and tumor. Here, we examined the effect of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) on a range of breast cancer lines. Breast cancer has four molecular subtypes characterized by varied expressions of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (HER2). The cell viability of HER2-overexpressing (SKBR3) and triple-positive (BT474) breast cancer cell lines [but not of a triple-negative cell line (BT20)] was reduced following rfhSP-D treatment at 24 h. Upregulation of p21/p27 cell cycle inhibitors and p53 phosphorylation (Ser15) in rfhSP-D-treated BT474 and SKBR3 cell lines signified G2/M cell cycle arrest. Cleaved caspases 9 and 3 were detected in rfhSP-D-treated BT474 and SKBR3 cells, suggesting an involvement of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, rfhSP-D-induced apoptosis was nullified in the presence of hyaluronic acid (HA) whose increased level in breast tumor microenvironment is associated with malignant tumor progression and invasion. rfhSP-D bound to solid-phase HA and promoted tumor cell proliferation. rfhSP-D-treated SKBR3 cells in the presence of HA showed decreased transcriptional levels of p53 when compared to cells treated with rfhSP-D only. Thus, HA appears to negate the anti-tumorigenic properties of rfhSP-D against HER2-overexpressing and triple-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Praveen M. Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanan A. Alaql
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Roberts
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR—National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberta Bulla
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Uday Kishore ;
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Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Agostinis C, Ricci G, Gulino A, Ferrara I, Zanconati F, Tripodo C, Romano F, Kishore U, Bulla R. Pathological Significance and Prognostic Value of Surfactant Protein D in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1748. [PMID: 30127783 PMCID: PMC6088209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the Collectin (collagen-containing C-type lectin) family that has pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary existence. In the lungs, it is a well-established opsonin that can agglutinate a range of microbes, and enhance their clearance via phagocytosis and super-oxidative burst. It can interfere with allergen–IgE interaction and suppress basophil and mast cell activation. However, it is now becoming evident that SP-D is likely to be an innate immune surveillance molecule against tumor development. SP-D has been shown to induce apoptosis in sensitized eosinophils derived from allergic patients and a leukemic cell line via p53 pathway. Recently, SP-D has been shown to suppress lung cancer progression via interference with the epidermal growth factor signaling. In addition, a truncated form of recombinant human SP-D has been reported to induce apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via Fas-mediated pathway in a p53-independent manner. To further establish a correlation between SP-D presence/levels and normal and cancer tissues, we performed a bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine dataset and the survival analysis platforms Kaplan–Meier plotter, to assess if SP-D can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human lung cancer, in addition to human gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers. We also analyzed immunohistochemically the presence of SP-D in normal and tumor human tissues. We conclude that (1) in the lung, gastric, and breast cancers, there is a lower expression of SP-D than normal tissues; (2) in ovarian cancer, there is a higher expression of SP-D than normal tissue; and (3) in lung cancer, the presence of SP-D could be associated with a favorable prognosis. On the contrary, at non-pulmonary sites such as gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers, the presence of SP-D could be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Correlation between the levels of SP-D and overall survival requires further investigation. Our analysis involves a large number of dataset; therefore, any trend observed is reliable. Despite apparent complexity within the results, it is evident that cancer tissues that produce less levels of SP-D compared to their normal tissue counterparts are probably less susceptible to SP-D-mediated immune surveillance mechanisms via infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Ines Ferrara
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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