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Halliwell PR, Mitchell RJ, Boyle B. Leadership effectiveness through coaching: Authentic and change-oriented leadership. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294953. [PMID: 38055668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing shift towards individually owned leader development programs within organizations. Whilst leadership coaching is one of these and is gaining in popularity, the mechanisms of its effect remain poorly understood. We develop and investigate a model in which leadership coaching enhances leader effectiveness through coaching's positive effect on authentic and change-oriented leadership behaviours as well as self-efficacy. To assess the model, multi-source data were collected for organizational leaders (N = 70) pre- and post-coaching. To investigate mechanisms of coaching's effect, relations between latent change scores were assessed in structural equation modelling using partial least squares indicating that after accounting for base-line scores, coaching-related increases in authentic leadership behaviour has the largest total effect on leadership effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Halliwell
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Mitchell
- Health & Wellbeing Research Unit, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Boyle
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Wang S, Li H, Chen X, Yan N, Wen D. The mediating role of psychological capital in the association between life satisfaction and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:398. [PMID: 37277718 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although life satisfaction is a predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This study examined how psychological capital (PsyCap), a positive psychological state, mediated the association between life satisfaction and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted at three medical universities in China. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 583 students. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction, and PsyCap were measured anonymously. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed to explore the effects of life satisfaction on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to examine how PsyCap mediates the association between life satisfaction and depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Life satisfaction was positively associated with PsyCap and its four components. There were significant negative associations between life satisfaction, psychological capital, resilience, optimism, and depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical students. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Psychological capital (a×b = -0.3201, BCa 95% CI: -0.3899, -0.2446; a×b = -0.2749, BCa 95% CI: -0.3817, -0.1996), resilience (a×b = -0.2103, BCa 95% CI: -0.2727, -0.1580; a×b = -0.1871, BCa 95% CI: -0.2520, -0.1414), optimism (a×b = -0.2100, BCa 95% CI: -0.3388, -0.1150; a×b = -0.1998, BCa 95% CI: -0.3307, -0.0980), and self-efficacy (a×b = -0.0916, BCa 95% CI: 0.0048, 0.11629; a×b = 0.1352, BCa 95% CI: 0.0336, 0.2117) significantly mediated the association between life satisfaction and depressive and anxiety symptoms. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, and causal relationships between the variables could not be ascertained. Self-reported questionnaire instruments were used for data collection, which may have recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Life satisfaction and PsyCap can be used as positive resources to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms among third-year Chinese medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological capital and its components (self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) partially mediated the relationship between life satisfaction and depressive symptoms, and completely mediated the relationship between life satisfaction and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, improving life satisfaction and investing in psychological capital (especially self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) should be included in the prevention and treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms among third-year Chinese medical students. Additional attention is needed to pay for self-efficacy in such disadvantageous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Honghe Li
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section of Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
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Nicolau A, Candel OS, Constantin T, Kleingeld A. The effects of executive coaching on behaviors, attitudes, and personal characteristics: a meta-analysis of randomized control trial studies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1089797. [PMID: 37333584 PMCID: PMC10272735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies emphasize executive coaching as an effective developmental tool that managers can use to increase their performance in organizational settings. However, the coaching research suggests a large variety of processes and outcomes, lacking clarity on the primary psychological dimensions most impacted. Method Reviewing 20 studies with a rigorous methodological design that used control trials and pre-post tests, we evaluated and compared the relative effects of coaching on different types and sub-types of outcomes by means of a classification of coaching outcomes based on previously used taxonomies. Results The results indicate that the impact of coaching on behavioral outcomes was higher compared to attitudes and person characteristics outcomes, suggesting that behavioral coaching outcomes, especially cognitive behavioral activities, are the most impacted by executive coaching. Moreover, we found significant positive effects for some specific outcomes, such as self-efficacy, psychological capital, and resilience, indicating that executive coaching is effective in producing change even on dimensions considered relatively stable over time. The results show no moderation effects of the number of sessions. The length of the coaching program was a significant moderator only for the attitudes outcomes. Discussion These findings provide evidence that executive coaching is a powerful instrument for organizations to support positive change and personal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nicolau
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Octav Sorin Candel
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ticu Constantin
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ad Kleingeld
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Solms L, Koen J, van Vianen AEM, Theeboom T, Beersma B, de Pagter APJ, de Hoog M. Simply effective? The differential effects of solution-focused and problem-focused coaching questions in a self-coaching writing exercise. Front Psychol 2022; 13:895439. [PMID: 36059772 PMCID: PMC9435469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coaching is a systematic and goal-oriented one-on-one intervention by a coach aimed to guide clients in their professional and personal development. Previous research on coaching has demonstrated effects on a number of positive outcomes, including well-being and performance, yet little is known about the processes that underlie these outcomes, such as the type of questions coaches use. Here, we focus on three different types of coaching questions, and aim to uncover their immediate and sustained effects for affect, self-efficacy, and goal-directed outcomes, using a between-subjects experiment. One hundred and eighty-three medical residents and PhD students from various medical centers and healthcare organizations in the Netherlands were recruited to participate in a self-coaching writing exercise, where they followed written instructions rather than interacting with a real coach. All participants were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: either one of two solution-focused coaching conditions (i.e., the success or miracle condition) or a problem-focused coaching condition. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure key outcomes of coaching, that is positive and negative affect, self-efficacy, goal orientation, action planning (i.e., quantity and quality) and goal attainment. Two follow-up measurements assessed if the effects of the self-coaching exercise led to problem-solving actions within an initial follow-up period of 14 days and a subsequent follow-up period of 10 days. Findings showed that participants experienced more positive affect, less negative affect, and higher approach goal orientation after the solution-focused coaching exercise compared to the problem-focused coaching exercise. In all conditions, goal attainment increased as a consequence of the self-coaching intervention. We discuss the implications of our findings for the science and practice of contemporary coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Solms
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lara Solms,
| | - Jessie Koen
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Theeboom
- School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Beersma
- Department of Organization Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne P. J. de Pagter
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs de Hoog
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Loghman S, Quinn M, Dawkins S, Woods M, Om Sharma S, Scott J. The Comprehensive Meta-Analyses of the Nomological Network of Psychological Capital (PsyCap). JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15480518221107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the most rigorous meta-analysis undertaken to date of empirical literature examining antecedents and outcomes related to psychological capital (PsyCap), and moderators of these relationships. We investigated seven leadership styles as antecedents of PsyCap (authentic, ethical, servant, empowering, transactional, transformational, and abusive leadership), five outcomes (burnout, turnover intentions, work engagement, performance, and satisfaction), and the impact of four moderators (country of sample origin, cultural characteristics, industry type, and research design). Our analysis of PsyCap research (2007–2020) examined 244 studies (254 independent samples and over 96000 participants), which is over twice as large as previous PsyCap meta-analyses. To optimize the quality and reliability of findings, we corrected for artefacts and included heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses. Our results provide several new findings beyond previous PsyCap meta-analyses. We found that empowering, servant, transformational, and transactional leadership were all positively associated with PsyCap, with empowering and transformational leadership being the strongest antecedents of PsyCap and abusive and transactional leadership being the weakest. The findings demonstrated PsyCap was positively associated with work engagement, and negatively associated with burnout. Country of sample origin moderated all the relationships, except for servant and transactional leadership. Additionally, cultural characteristics (e.g., power distance, masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance) moderated several conceptual relationships. Study design was also found to moderate the PsyCap—work engagement relationship. Collectively, these findings offer new and extended insights into the antecedents, outcomes, and moderators related to PsyCap, beyond previous meta-analyses. The theoretical and practical implications of these new findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Loghman
- College of Business & Economics, School of Management, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael Quinn
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sarah Dawkins
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Megan Woods
- College of Business & Economics, School of Management, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Jenn Scott
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Systematic Review of Intervention Studies to Foster Sustainable Employability Core Components: Implications for Workplace Promotion. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to outline the effectiveness of employer-initiated workplace interventions in promoting sustainable employability (SE), which means developing workers’ capabilities to foster productivity, health, and valuable work in the long term. A systematic search of the literature is performed in three databases covering the period from January 1999 to February 2022. Fourteen studies are included. Considering SE core components, all interventions cover the valuable work component in terms of content, and the majority also cover the health component. Interventions addressing at least three SE components have more positive effects on SE outcomes. More positive effects are found for valuable work outcomes. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of developing workplace interventions considering a comprehensive model of SE and promoting an organizational culture for SE. Future directions and limits are discussed.
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Sanz‐Vergel AI, Nielsen K. Virtual issue: Psychological interventions in the field of work and organizational psychology. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Nielsen
- Institute of Work Psychology The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Fontes A, Dello Russo S. What changes with coaching? Investigating within‐person changes in reflection, the predicting role of implicit person theory and the effects on perceived utility of coaching. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vilariño del Castillo D, Lopez‐Zafra E. Antecedents of psychological Capital at Work: A Systematic Review of Moderato–mediator Effects and a New Integrative Proposal. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bozer G, Jones RJ. Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in the Psychology of Workplace Coaching. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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