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Zhou Q, Lei Y, Du H, Tao Y. Public concerns and attitudes towards autism on Chinese social media based on K-means algorithm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15173. [PMID: 37704712 PMCID: PMC10499991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the hot topics and attitudes of autism in the larger community. In this study, we analyzed and summarized experimental texts from the social media platform Zhihu using the TF-IDF algorithm and K-means clustering approach. Based on the analysis of the 1,740,826-word experimental text, we found that the popularity of autism has steadily risen over recent years. Sufferers and their parents primarily discuss autism. The K-means clustering algorithm revealed that the most popular topics are divided into four categories: self-experience of individuals with autism, external views of individuals with autism, caring and stressful behaviors of caregivers, and information about autism. This study concluded that people with autism face more incredible negative emotions, external cognitive evaluations of the autistic group reflect stereotypes, the caregiver's family suffers high financial and psychological stress, and disorders caused by disease in autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Hangzhou Normal University, 2318th Yuhang Tang Avenue, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuling Lei
- Hangzhou Normal University, 2318th Yuhang Tang Avenue, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Du
- Hangzhou Normal University, 2318th Yuhang Tang Avenue, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuexian Tao
- Hangzhou Normal University, 2318th Yuhang Tang Avenue, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Guo Q, Xia L, Guo R, Xu W, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang P, Bai T, Ni X, Hao C, Xia K, Li W. Behavioural deficits of autism spectrum disorder and associations with different gene clusters: a study with the whole-genome transmission disequilibrium test. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:e001930. [PMID: 37407249 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a diverse neurodevelopmental disease primarily distinguished by limited and stereotyped activities as well as impaired social interaction. Due to the high heritability of ASD, research on the disorder has emphasised on identifying the underlying genetic and epigenetic aetiology. Many ASD loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, GWASs are more susceptible to bias due to population stratification. Moreover, GWASs barely reflect the genetic aetiology of subtypes of behavioural deficits. METHODS We applied whole-genome transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) to reveal the gene sets that are significantly associated with the four behavioural subtypes of restricted repetitive behaviours in 334 ASD trios. We further mapped the clustered genes to pathways and enriched the SFARI genes in these pathways. RESULTS Four unique gene clusters (181 genes in total) that are related to four different behavioural subtypes in ASD were identified. 23 SFARI genes were enriched in these four clusters. Through pathway analysis, nine non-SFARI genes (CNDP1, ETNK1, ITPKB, KCNQ5, PDE4D, PDGFRA, PPARGC1A, ULK2, SYNJ2) were found to be linked to the SFARI genes, which may contribute to the development of ASD. Furthermore, we found that the mTOR pathway enriched with the CNDP1, PDE4D, ULK2 genes is associated with neurodevelopment. CONCLUSIONS Whole-genome TDT test is a unique tool in clustering genes related to ASD subtypes of behavioural deficits. Several new candidate genes for ASD are revealed by pathway analysis of the clustered genes. These findings are useful for understanding the underlying mechanism of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Xiangya Medical School of Central China University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Xiangya Medical School of Central China University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Ni
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Xiangya Medical School of Central China University, Changsha, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pediatric Rare Diseases, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Sun C, Guo Y, Qiu S, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhong W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Liu Y. DIP2C polymorphisms are implicated in susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114792. [PMID: 35987071 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disco-interacting protein 2 C (DIP2C) has recently been reported as a new susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a genome-wide association study. METHODS We evaluated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DIP2C and ASD susceptibility in a case-control study (715 ASD cases and 728 controls) from Chinese Han. RESULTS We identified a significant association between SNPs (rs3740304, rs2288681, rs7088729, rs4242757, rs10795060, and rs10904083) and ASD susceptibility. Of note, rs3740304, rs2288681, and rs7088729 are positively associated with ASD under inheritance models; moreover, haplotypes with any two marker SNPs (rs3740304 [G], rs2288681 [C], rs7088729 [T], rs4242757 [C], rs10795060 [G], and rs10904083 [A]) are also significantly associated with ASD. Additionally, rs10795060 and rs10904083 are associated with "visual reaction" phenotypes of ASD. CONCLUSIONS DIP2C polymorphisms sort out the susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shengyang 110000, China
| | - Chuanyong Sun
- Northeast Asian Studies Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weijing Zhong
- Chunguang Rehabilitation Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hedi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Cheong PL, Tsai JM, Wu YT, Lu L, Chiu YL, Shen YT, Li YJ, Tsao CH, Wang YC, Chang FM, Huang YH, Sun CW. Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Mullen Scales of Early Learning in Taiwanese children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Global Developmental Delay, and Typically Developing Children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 122:104158. [PMID: 35032783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) is a standardized comprehensive developmental assessment tool for children aged 0-68 months. However, few Asia-based studies have explored cultural and linguistic adaptations of the MSEL or investigated its psychometric properties in populations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). AIMS This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the MSEL-Taiwan version (MSEL-T) for Taiwanese children with ASD, global developmental delay (GDD), and typical development (TD). METHODS AND PROCEDURES The MSEL items were translated and modified according to the language and culture in Taiwan. In total, 191 children (ASD, 69; GDD, 36; and TD, 86) aged 19-68 months were assessed using the MSEL-T and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2 (PDMS-2) at enrollment, followed by the assessments of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-Chinese version (VABS-C) at the age of 36 months or later. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS All subscales were verified to have good interrater reliability and internal consistency, and subscale scores indicated moderate to high correlations with PDMS-2 and VABS-C scores. Significant differences in MSEL-T scores were observed between same-aged pairs of children with TD and GDD and between pairs of children with TD and ASD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The findings provide evidence of validity and reliability of the MSEL-T. And it is suggested that the culturally and linguistically adapted MSEL-T is a good tool for the clinical assessment of children with and without ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pou-Leng Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Hospital, No. 25, Lane 442, Sec. 1, Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Mei Tsai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Tzu Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100229, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100229, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lun Chiu
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Shen
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Jen Li
- Insititute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsao
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chung Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Mei Chang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Songde Branch, Taipei City Hospital, No. 145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei City, 10341, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hsun Huang
- Being Alive Clinic, 1F., No. 6-1, Ln. 38, Sec. 2, Nangang Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei City, 115028, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Wei Sun
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhao X, Zhang R, Yu S. Mutation screening of the UBE3A gene in Chinese Han population with autism. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:589. [PMID: 33308194 PMCID: PMC7733270 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 15q11-13 region is one of the most complex chromosomal regions in the human genome. UBE3A is an important candidate gene of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which located at the 15q11-13 region and encodes ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A. Previous studies about UBE3A gene and ASD have shown inconsistent results and few studies were performed in Chinese population. This study aimed to detect the genetic mutations of UBE3A gene in Chinese Han population with ASD and analyze genetic association between these variants and ASD. METHODS The samples consisted of 192 patients with autism according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and 192 healthy controls. We searched for mutations at coding sequence (CDS) regions and their adjacent non-coding regions of UBE3A gene using the high resolution melting (HRM) and Sanger sequencing methods. We further increased sample size to validate the detected variants using HRM and conducted association analysis between case and control groups. RESULTS A known single nucleotide polymorphism (T > C, rs150331504) located at the CDS4 and a known 5 bp insertion/deletion variation (AACTC+/-, rs71127053) located at the intron region of the upstream 288 bp of the CDS2 of UBE3A gene were detected using Sanger sequencing method. The ASD samples of case group were 391 for rs71127053, 384 for rs150331504 and 384 healthy controls, which were used to make an association analysis. The results of association analysis suggested that there were no significant difference about the allele and genotype frequencies of rs71127053 and rs150331504 between case and control groups after extending the sample size. Besides, rs150331504 is a synonymous mutation and we compared the secondary structure and minimum free energy (MFE) of mRNA harboring the allele T or C of rs150331504 using RNAfold software. We found that the centroid secondary structure apparently differs along with the polymorphisms of rs150331504 T > C, the results suggested that this variant might change the secondary structure of mRNA of UBE3A gene. We did not detect mutations in other coding regions of UBE3A gene. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that UBE3A gene might not be a major disease gene in Chinese ASD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Ran Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Zhou H, Xu X, Yan W, Zou X, Wu L, Luo X, Li T, Huang Y, Guan H, Chen X, Mao M, Xia K, Zhang L, Li E, Ge X, Zhang L, Li C, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ding D, Shih A, Fombonne E, Zheng Y, Han J, Sun Z, Jiang YH, Wang Y. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: A Nationwide Multi-center Population-based Study Among Children Aged 6 to 12 Years. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:961-971. [PMID: 32607739 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children. We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling. The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process. Of the target population of 142,086 children, 88.5% (n = 125,806) participated in the study. A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD. The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population. After adjustment for response rates, the estimated number of ASD cases was 867 in the target population sample, thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.74%). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls (0.95%; 95% CI: 0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%; 95% CI: 0.26%-0.34%; P < 0.001). Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases, 43.3% were newly diagnosed, and most of those (90.4%) were attending regular schools, and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Child Development Behavior Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Child Health Care, Chengdu Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Child Health Care, Chengdu Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Erzhen Li
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoling Ge
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chunpei Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Andy Shih
- Autism Speaks, 1 East 33rd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jisheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Tsai JM, Lu L, Jeng SF, Cheong PL, Gau SSF, Huang YH, Wu YT. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up in Taiwanese toddlers. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 85:205-216. [PMID: 30579261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) is a two-stage screening scale for determining the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers. However, the validity of the M-CHAT-R/F for Asian populations has not yet been established. AIMS This study investigated the psychometric properties of the M-CHAT-R/F, Taiwan version (M-CHAT-R/F-T), among low- and high-risk Taiwanese toddlers aged 16-30 months. The associations among M-CHAT-R/F-T scores, developmental performance at 24 and 30 months, and ASD diagnosis prediction at 36 months were examined. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A two-stage screening of the M-CHAT-R/F-T was applied to a study sample comprising 25 toddlers with ASD and 71 atypically developing (ATD) and 221 typically developing (TD) toddlers. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The M-CHAT-R/F-T exhibited acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The M-CHAT-R/F-T scores were significantly correlated with several syndrome scores of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 and were significantly higher among toddlers with ASD than among ATD or TD toddlers. Furthermore, M-CHAT-R/F-T scores were negatively correlated with developmental scores in the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 24 and 30 months. Moreover, the screening exhibited acceptable predictive validity (sensitivity = 0.86; specificity = 0.96) for ASD diagnosis at 36 months. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The findings indicate that the M-CHAT-R/F-T is a valid and reliable tool for the developmental screening of low- and high-risk Taiwanese toddlers in community and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mei Tsai
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Fang Jeng
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pou-Leng Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Huang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang KC, Wang LY, Wang JH, Shaw CK, Hwang MJ, Wu CH, Huang HK. Dental utilization and expenditures by children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: A population-based cohort study. Tzu Chi Med J 2018; 30:15-19. [PMID: 29643711 PMCID: PMC5883831 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_185_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It is understood that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have difficulty in receiving dental treatment. This study explores the differences in dental utilization and expenditure between two groups: children and adolescents with and without ASD. Different conditions that affect these results will be examined, including area of residence, category of treatment, and preferences concerning type of dental institution in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: The health service research database of the National Health Research Institutes, which features population-based, randomly selected samples collected from 2001 to 2010, was utilized in this study. In particular, we recruited samples from 2005 in accordance with the codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification from 299.0 to 299.9. The population-based cohort study measured mean expenditures and mean numbers of medical visits with regard to different dental institution classifications, areas of residence, and categories of dental treatment for children (under 18 years old) with and without ASD. Results: The mean number of annual visits was 6.58 and 5.70 for children and adolescents with and without ASD, respectively, with mean annual visit expenditures of NT$2401.20 and NT$1817.99, respectively. A higher percentage of children (91.32%) and adolescents (72.66%) with ASD had experienced dental treatment than those without ASD. Children (93.23%) and adolescents (90.83%) without ASD visited dental clinics more often than those with ASD. The percentage of dental visits to academic medical centers in Eastern Taiwan was significantly lower for the ASD group than visits to other types of dental institutions. The use of restorative treatment was significantly higher among all samples, with periodontology having the lowest percentage. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with ASD had greater dental utilization, expenditures, and preferences for high-level dental institutions. The discrepancies in dental utilization indicate differences in the distribution of medical resources in different dental institution levels and residence areas in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuang Shaw
- Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jay Hwang
- Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Kuan Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Shen Y, Dong H, Lu X, Lian N, Xun G, Shi L, Xiao L, Zhao J, Ou J. Associations among maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and risk of autism in the Han Chinese population. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:11. [PMID: 29343227 PMCID: PMC5773027 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unclear etiology. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of autism. The current study explores the associations among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and the risk of autism in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Demographic information, a basic medical history and information regarding maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy conditions were collected from the parents of 705 Han Chinese children with autism and 2236 unrelated typically developing children. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for the relationship among pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and the occurrence of autism. The interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG was analyzed by performing stratification analyses using a logistic model. RESULTS After adjusting for the children's gender, parental age and family annual income, excessive GWG was associated with autism risk in the entire sample (OR = 1.327, 95% CI: 1.021-1.725), whereas the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and autism was not significant. According to the stratification analyses, excessive GWG increased the risk of autism in overweight/obese mothers (OR = 2.468, 95% CI: 1.102-5.526) but not in underweight or normal weight mothers. CONCLUSIONS The maternal pre-pregnancy BMI might not be independently associated with autism risk. However, excessive GWG might increase the autism risk of offspring of overweight and obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Shen
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, The National Technology Institute on Mental disorders; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, The National Technology Institute on Mental disorders; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaozi Lu
- grid.452792.fQingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Lian
- grid.412633.1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Mental Health Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eNeuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, The National Technology Institute on Mental disorders; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, The National Technology Institute on Mental disorders; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, The National Technology Institute on Mental disorders; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.
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10
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He P, Guo C, Wang Z, Chen G, Li N, Zheng X. Socioeconomic status and childhood autism: A population-based study in China. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:27-31. [PMID: 29028520 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and autism in developing nations. The aim of this study was to examine this association among children aged 0-17 years in China. We obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, and selected 616,940 children for analysis. Autism was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Multiple logistic regressions allowing for weights showed that children in middle-income and high-income families were less likely than their low-income peers to have autism, with an odds ratio of 0.60 (95%CI: 0.39, 0.93) and 0.44 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.72), respectively. Children in middle-education families had 63% (95%CI: 41%, 95%) odds of autism relative to their counterparts in low-education families. Stratified analyses found that all observed associations were only in male children, not in female children. In conclusion, children in families with socioeconomic disadvantage, in the form of lower family income and education, had greater risk of childhood autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; WHO Collaborating Center on Reproductive Health and Population Science, Beijing, China.
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11
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Chen CH, Chen HI, Chien WH, Li LH, Wu YY, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. High resolution analysis of rare copy number variants in patients with autism spectrum disorder from Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11919. [PMID: 28931914 PMCID: PMC5607249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare genomic copy number variations (CNVs) (frequency <1%) contribute a part to the genetic underpinnings of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study aimed to understand the scope of rare CNV in Taiwanese patients with ASD. We conducted a genome-wide CNV screening of 335 ASD patients (299 males, 36 females) from Taiwan using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and compared the incidence of rare CNV with that of 1093 control subjects (525 males, 568 females). We found a significantly increased global burden of rare CNVs in the ASD group compared to the controls as a whole or when the rare CNVs were classified by the size and types of CNV. Further analysis confirmed the presence of several rare CNVs at regions strongly associated with ASD as reported in the literature in our sample. Additionally, we detected several new private pathogenic CNVs in our samples and five patients carrying two pathogenic CNVs. Our data indicate that rare genomic CNVs contribute a part to the genetic landscape of our ASD patients. These CNVs are highly heterogeneous, and the clinical interpretation of the pathogenic CNVs of ASD is not straightforward in consideration of the incomplete penetrance, varied expressivity, and individual genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Chien
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Zheng HF, Wang WQ, Li XM, Rauw G, Baker GB. Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature. Amino Acids 2016; 49:57-65. [PMID: 27686223 PMCID: PMC5241332 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A review of studies on the body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, tryptophan, d-serine, and others, in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is given. The results reported in the literature are generally inconclusive and contradictory, but there has been considerable variation among the previous studies in terms of factors such as age, gender, number of subjects, intelligence quotient, and psychoactive medication being taken. Future studies should include simultaneous analyses of a large number of amino acids [including d-serine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)] and standardization of the factors mentioned above. It may also be appropriate to use saliva sampling to detect amino acids in ASD patients in the future—this is noninvasive testing that can be done easily more frequently than other sampling, thus providing more dynamic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Zheng
- Mental Health Research Laboratory, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Research Laboratory, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gail Rauw
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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13
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Bertrand D, Lee CHL, Flood D, Marger F, Donnelly-Roberts D. Therapeutic Potential of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:1025-73. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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14
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Duan G, Yao M, Ma Y, Zhang W. Perinatal and background risk factors for childhood autism in central China. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:410-7. [PMID: 25085792 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal and background risk factors for autism were identified in a cohort of autistic children in Zhengzhou, China, to formulate preventative and treatment strategies for high-risk families. In this case-control study, children were screened for suspected autism using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and diagnosed according to DSM-IV and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). We collected perinatal histories and clinical data of 286 confirmed autistic children treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital Children׳s Psychological Clinic of Zhengzhou University from 2011 to 2013. The control group consisted of 286 healthy children from area kindergartens. Maternal age>30 years, parental introversion as measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, low level of parental education, smoking, abortion threat, pregnancy complications, maternal illness during pregnancy, maternal mental health, family history of mental illness, neonatal jaundice, birth asphyxia, premature rupture of the fetal membrane, and gestational age<37 weeks were significantly higher in the autism group. These factors were significantly correlated with behavioral symptoms as measured by ABC scores (Kendall rank correlation). Birth asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, maternal age, parental introversion, family history of mental illness, abortion threat, premature delivery, and smoking were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Duan
- Center of Children Psychology and Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Meiling Yao
- Center of Children Psychology and Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yating Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Education Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
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15
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Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC, Lauritsen MB. Time Trends Over 16 Years in Incidence-Rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan Based on Nationwide Danish Register Data. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 44:1808-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Wan Y, Hu Q, Li T, Jiang L, Du Y, Feng L, Wong JCM, Li C. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children in China: a systematic review. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 25:70-80. [PMID: 24991138 PMCID: PMC4054540 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no reliable estimates of the prevalences of autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in China. OBJECTIVE Combine results across studies to estimate the prevalences of autism and ASD among Chinese children under the age of 18, and assess variations in the prevalences with respect to gender, ethnicity, and urban versus rural residence. METHODS Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were identified by searching the following databases: Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, WANFANG DATA, Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database, Pubmed, and Web of Science. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-2.15.2 software. RESULTS The 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria included 5 registry studies from Taiwan and Hong Kong (covering a total of 14570 369 children) and 19 community-based screening and diagnostic studies from mainland China (with a combined sample of 771 413 children). The annually reported prevalence of autism in the registry studies ranged from 1.8 to 424.6 per 10 000. A meta-analysis of 18 of the studies from mainland China (excluding a large nationwide study with the lowest prevalence of autism) with a range in rates from 2.8 to 30.4 per 10 000 generated an estimated pooled prevalence of autism of 12.8 per 10 000 (95%CI, 9.4 to 17.5). The pooled prevalence of ASD estimated from 5 of these studies (which had a range in rates from 7.3 to 75.3 per 10 000) was 24.5 per 10000 (95%CI, 10.4 to 57.4). The reported prevalence of autism varied substantially by gender, location of residence, date of publication, and source of the sample. CONCLUSION The huge difference between the rates for autism reported from registry systems in Hong Kong and Taiwan (a 200-fold difference) and the large differences in rates reported from community-based screening studies in mainland China (a 10- to 15-fold difference) highlight the urgent need for establishing standardized methods for estimating the prevalences of autism and ASD. Until these methodological improvements have been made, it will not be possible to develop evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies for the management of these uncommon but seriously disabling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Chee-Meng Wong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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