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Kim SH, Choi Y, Oh J, Lim EY, Lee JE, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Associations among the Duodenal Ecosystem, Gut Microbiota, and Nutrient Intake in Functional Dyspepsia. Gut Liver 2024; 18:621-631. [PMID: 38031491 PMCID: PMC11249935 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims : Functional dyspepsia (FD) has long been regarded as a syndrome because its pathophysiology is multifactorial. However, recent reports have provided evidence that changes in the duodenal ecosystem may be the key. This study aimed to identify several gastrointestinal factors and biomarkers associated with FD, specifically changes in the duodenal ecosystem that may be key to understanding its pathophysiology. Methods : In this case-control study, 28 participants (12 with FD and 16 healthy control individuals) were assessed for dietary nutrients, gastrointestinal symptom severity, immunological status of the duodenal mucosa, and microbiome composition from oral, duodenal, and fecal samples. Integrated data were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, 16S rRNA sequencing, and network analysis. Results : Duodenal mucosal inflammation and impaired expression of tight junction proteins were confirmed in patients with FD. The relative abundance of duodenal Streptococcus (p=0.014) and reductions in stool Butyricicoccus (p=0.047) were confirmed. These changes in the gut microbiota were both correlated with symptom severity. Changes in dietary micronutrients, such as higher intake of valine, were associated with improved intestinal barrier function and microbiota. Conclusions : This study emphasizes the relationships among dietary nutrition, oral and gut microbiota, symptoms of FD, impaired function of the duodenal barrier, and inflammation. Assessing low-grade inflammation or increased permeability in the duodenal mucosa, along with changes in the abundance of stool Butyricicoccus, is anticipated to serve as effective biomarkers for enhancing the objectivity of FD diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Yura Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jihong Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eui Yeon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
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Tack J, Carbone F, Chang L, Lacy BE. Patient-Reported Outcomes in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:572-587.e1. [PMID: 38309628 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of gut-brain interaction are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of abnormal endoscopic or radiologic findings or objective biomarkers that can be identified during routine clinical evaluation. The assessment of the symptom pattern and severity, therefore, is the key modality to evaluate the presence, impact, and evolution of these conditions, for both clinical and regulatory purposes. Patient-reported outcomes are structured symptom assessment questionnaires designed to evaluate symptom patterns, quantify severity of symptoms, and evaluate response to treatment at follow-up. This review provides an overview of currently available patient-reported outcomes for evaluating the main disorders of gut-brain interaction, specifically, functional dyspepsia; irritable bowel syndrome; and chronic constipation. It summarizes their content, level of validation for clinical practice and for research, and the regulatory approach to these conditions. Expected future developments and need for further research on patient-reported outcomes for these and other disorders of gut-brain interaction are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tack
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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3
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Buckle RL, Brown LC, Aziz I. Randomized trial in postprandial functional dyspepsia: Reassurance and diagnostic explanation with or without traditional dietary advice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14733. [PMID: 38178367 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost 80% of individuals with functional dyspepsia experience meal-related symptoms and are diagnosed with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). However, studies evaluating dietary modifications in PDS are sparse. We performed a single-center randomized trial comparing reassurance and diagnostic explanation (RADE) with or without traditional dietary advice (TDA) in PDS. METHODS Following a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, individuals with PDS were randomized to a leaflet providing RADE ± TDA; the latter recommending small, regular meals and reducing the intake of caffeine/alcohol/fizzy drinks and high-fat/processed/spicy foods. Questionnaires were completed over 4 weeks, including self-reported adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms, and the validated Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Nepean Dyspepsia Index for quality of life. The primary endpoint(s) to define clinical response were (i) ≥50% adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms and (ii) >0.5-point reduction in the PDS subscale of the LPDS (calculated as the mean scores for early satiety, postprandial fullness, and upper abdominal bloating). KEY RESULTS Of the 53 patients with PDS, 27 were assigned RADE-alone and 26 to additional TDA. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, with a mean age of 39 years, 70% female, 83% white British, and coexistent irritable bowel syndrome in 66%. The primary endpoints of (i) adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms were met by 33% (n = 9) assigned RADE-alone versus 39% (n = 10) with TDA; p-value = 0.70, while (ii) a reduction of >0.5 points in the PDS subscale was met by 37% (n = 10) assigned RADE-alone versus 27% (n = 7) with TDA; p-value = 0.43. Response rates did not differ according to irritable bowel syndrome status. There were no significant between-group changes in the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale and dyspepsia quality of life. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This study of predominantly white British patients with PDS found the addition of TDA did not lead to significantly greater symptom reduction compared with RADE alone. Alternate dietary strategies should be explored in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Buckle
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lydia C Brown
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Cooke ZM, Resciniti SM, Wright BJ, Hale MW, Yao CK, Tuck CJ, Biesiekierski JR. Association between dietary factors, symptoms, and psychological factors in adults with dyspepsia: A cross-sectional study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14684. [PMID: 37771208 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based dietary management approaches for symptoms of dyspepsia are lacking. This study aimed to compare dietary factors, symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and salivary cortisol in dyspepsia participants and healthy controls. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was completed by adults with dyspepsia (n = 121) meeting Rome IV criteria and healthy controls (n = 52). Outcome measures included self-reported questionnaires about dietary habits, triggers, restrictions, dietary management approaches, nutritional intake, psychological variables, QOL, gastrointestinal symptoms, and optional cortisol awakening response (CAR) via saliva samples. Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Mann-Whitney U. Cortisol awakening response data was analyzed using moderated regression controlling for age, gender and distress. KEY RESULTS Fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) (55%) were the most reported trigger in adults with dyspepsia. The dyspepsia group (88%) followed special diets more than controls (47%; p < 0.001), with a low FODMAP diet being most common (69%). The dyspepsia group consumed less fiber (p = 0.014), calcium (p = 0.015), and total FODMAPs (p < 0.001) than controls. There was a greater prevalence of comorbid anxiety (41%) and depression (31%) in dyspepsia compared to controls (15% and 12%, respectively, p < 0.001 and p = 0.006). The dyspepsia group had poorer QOL and greater gastrointestinal symptom severity than controls (p < 0.001). There was a negative association between anxiety and CAR (p = 0.001) in dyspepsia but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Adults with dyspepsia follow special diets more than controls and perceive FODMAPs as a key dietary trigger. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring nutritional adequacy and QOL, and emphasize mechanisms of depleted stress response in dyspepsia, warranting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M Cooke
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Resciniti
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley J Wright
- Department of Psychology, Counselling, and Therapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology, Counselling, and Therapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chu K Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline J Tuck
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica R Biesiekierski
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Wang X, Fei Y, Li W, Liu H, Xiao H, Wu Y, Wang C. Patient-reported outcome measures in functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and COSMIN analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37726672 PMCID: PMC10507973 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) as a type of disorders of brain-gut interaction (DBGI), patient self-reporting of its symptoms becomes an important component of clinical outcome assessment. We performed a systematic review using Consensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines to identify the best available patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of FD. METHODS The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched four databases with no date limit, looking for previously confirmed PROMs for evaluating FD symptoms. An overall rating was then assigned based upon COSMIN guidelines, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the level of evidence for psychometric properties of included PROMs. RESULTS Thirty articles covering outcome indicators of 24 patient reports were included. The Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS) showed adequate content validity and moderate quality evidence of adequate internal consistency to generate an A recommendation. CONCLUSION LPDS is currently the most recommended PROM for patient self-reported FD symptoms. However, it fails to assess two important areas of cross-cultural validity/ measurement invariance and measurement error. Future research can be continuously improved on this basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinai Wang
- The School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Fei
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- The School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- The School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongling Xiao
- The School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yaxuan Wu
- The School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenqi Wang
- The School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Nussbaumer R, Sauter M, Thumshirn M, Bueter M, Vetter D, Gubler C, Morell B, Jell A, Vieth M, Beglinger C, Peterli R, Fox M. Prospective clinical cohort study: low incidence of Barrett esophagus but high rate of reflux disease at 5-year follow-up after sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:707-715. [PMID: 36990881 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease seems more frequent after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) than Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Retrospective case series have raised concerns about a high incidence of Barrett esophagus (BE) after LSG. OBJECTIVE This prospective clinical cohort study compared the incidence of BE ≥5 years after LSG and LRYGB. SETTING St. Clara Hospital, Basel, and University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland. METHODS Patients were recruited from 2 bariatric centers where preoperative gastroscopy is standard practice and LRYGB is preferred for patients with preexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease. At follow-up ≥5 years after surgery, patients underwent gastroscopy with quadrantic biopsies from the squamocolumnar junction and metaplastic segment. Symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Wireless pH measurement assessed esophageal acid exposure. RESULTS A total of 169 patients were included, with a median 7.0 ± 1.5 years after surgery. In the LSG group (n = 83), 3 patients had endoscopically and histologically confirmed de novo BE; in the LRYGB group (n = 86), there were 2 patients with BE, 1 de novo and 1 preexisting (de novo BE, 3.6% versus 1.2%; P = .362). At follow-up, reflux symptoms were reported more frequently by the LSG group than by the LRYGB group (51.9% versus 10.5%). Similarly, moderate-to-severe reflux esophagitis (Los Angeles grade B-D) was more common (27.7% versus 5.8%) despite greater use of proton pump inhibitors (49.4% versus 19.7%), and pathologic acid exposure was more frequent in patients who underwent LSG than in patients who underwent LRYGB. CONCLUSIONS After at least 5 years of follow-up, a higher incidence of reflux symptoms, reflux esophagitis, and pathologic esophageal acid exposure was found in patients who underwent LSG compared with patients who underwent LRYGB. However, the incidence of BE after LSG was low and not significantly different between the 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anne C Meyer-Gerspach
- St. Clara Research Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Nussbaumer
- St. Clara Research Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Sauter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clarunis University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Thumshirn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clarunis University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bueter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Vetter
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gubler
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Morell
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alissa Jell
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Beglinger
- St. Clara Research Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Peterli
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Fox
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory and Clinic for Motility Disorders and Functional Digestive Diseases, Klinik Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
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7
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Xiao G, Zhao Y, Chen X, Xiong F. Acupuncture is effective in the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33968. [PMID: 37352035 PMCID: PMC10289664 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine advocates the use of acupuncture for the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in people with Functional dyspepsia, but large clinical trials of acupuncture have produced controversial results. This study aims to confirm the clinical significance of acupuncture in the treatment of PDS . METHODS This study only randomized controlled trials were included from the following databases: CNKI, Medline, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Clinical Trial. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using Revman 5.4.1 (Revman 2020), and all 12 included studies were considered to have a low risk of bias. This study used Stata 16.1 for data analysis, including sensitivity analysis and publication bias test. The quality of each study was evaluated with the Cochrane tool. The main outcomes included the overall therapeutic rate, the SID score, the HADS Score, The NDI score, and Side effects. RESULTS This study identified a total of 1532 studies interested in the curative effect of acupuncture on Postprandial discomfort syndrome (PDS) and finally included a total of 12 studies with 1113 patients after identifying their abstracts, titles, and full text. The process of literature searches and identifying is shown in Figure 1 and data analysis showed that acupuncture is effective in the treatment of PDS and promotes the life quality of patients. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the effects of acupuncture on PDS from 5 aspects: overall therapeutic rate, SID, HADS, NDI, and side effects, overall therapeutic rate as primary outcome measure. Statistical analysis results showed that acupuncture has a significant effect on the treatment of PDS. In conclusion, it is an effective clinical treatment method. Also, the potential bias in the included studies, high-quality studies are needed to further confirm the possible side effects of acupuncture in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganchen Xiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingtao Zhao
- Graduate School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Graduate School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangli Xiong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Jones MP, Holtmann G. Placebo effects in functional dyspepsia: Causes and implications for clinical trials. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14527. [PMID: 36592054 PMCID: PMC10078415 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Placebo responses to an apparently inactive intervention are of interest from a scientific perspective as they suggest possible mechanism(s) at work beyond the intervention itself. They are also of interest from a clinical trials perspective since high rates of placebo response limit the potential to demonstrate worthwhile efficacy of a new intervention. This mini-review was motivated by the work of Bosman and colleagues(Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2022, and e14474) that is published in this issue of the journal in which they report on a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo response in functional dyspepsia clinical trials. The review sets the scene for their work by putting it in the context of other disorders of brain-gut interaction and extra-gastrointestinal disorders. The review canvasses potential mechanisms of placebo response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jones
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bosman M, Smeets F, Elsenbruch S, Tack J, Simrén M, Talley N, Winkens B, Masclee A, Keszthelyi D. Placebo response in pharmacological trials in patients with functional dyspepsia-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14474. [PMID: 36168188 PMCID: PMC10078497 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological trials in functional dyspepsia (FD) are associated with high placebo response rates. We aimed to identify the magnitude and contributing factors to the placebo response. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a dichotomous outcome in adult patients with FD that compared an active pharmacotherapeutic treatment with placebo. Our main outcome was identification of the magnitude of the pooled placebo response rate for the following endpoints: symptom responder, symptom-free responder, adequate relief responder, and combined endpoint responder (i.e., the primary endpoint of each specific trial regarding treatment response). Several putative moderators (i.e., patient, disease, and trial characteristics) were examined. KEY RESULTS We included 26 RCTs in our analysis. The pooled placebo response rate was 39.6% (95% CI 30.1-50.0) using the symptom responder definition, 20.5% (12.8-31.0) using the symptom-free responder definition, 38.5% (33.8-43.6) using the adequate relief responder definition, and 35.5% (31.6-39.7) using the combined endpoint responder definition. A lower overall baseline symptom score was significantly associated with a higher placebo response rate. No other moderators were found to significantly impact the placebo response rate. Due to the lack of data, no analyses could be performed according to individual FD subtypes or symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The pooled placebo response rate in pharmacological trials in FD is about 39%, depending on which responder definitions is used. Future trials should consider applying an entry criterion based on minimal level of symptom severity to decrease the placebo response. We also suggest separate reporting of core FD symptoms pending more concrete harmonization efforts in FD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bosman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiënne Smeets
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Talley
- NHMRC Center of research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Black CJ, Paine PA, Agrawal A, Aziz I, Eugenicos MP, Houghton LA, Hungin P, Overshott R, Vasant DH, Rudd S, Winning RC, Corsetti M, Ford AC. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of functional dyspepsia. Gut 2022; 71:1697-1723. [PMID: 35798375 PMCID: PMC9380508 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, affecting approximately 7% of individuals in the community, with most patients managed in primary care. The last British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guideline for the management of dyspepsia was published in 1996. In the interim, substantial advances have been made in understanding the complex pathophysiology of FD, and there has been a considerable amount of new evidence published concerning its diagnosis and classification, with the advent of the Rome IV criteria, and management. The primary aim of this guideline, commissioned by the BSG, is to review and summarise the current evidence to inform and guide clinical practice, by providing a practical framework for evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of patients. The approach to investigating the patient presenting with dyspepsia is discussed, and efficacy of drugs in FD summarised based on evidence derived from a comprehensive search of the medical literature, which was used to inform an update of a series of pairwise and network meta-analyses. Specific recommendations have been made according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. These provide both the strength of the recommendations and the overall quality of evidence. Finally, in this guideline, we consider novel treatments that are in development, as well as highlighting areas of unmet need and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Black
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter A Paine
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK,Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria P Eugenicos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lesley A Houghton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pali Hungin
- Primary Care and General Practice, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ross Overshott
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dipesh H Vasant
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Neurogastroenterology Unit, Gastroenterology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheryl Rudd
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard C Winning
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK .,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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Carbone F, Vandenberghe A, Holvoet L, Piessevaux H, Arts J, Caenepeel P, Staessen D, Vergauwe P, Maldague P, De Ronde T, Wuestenberghs F, Lamy V, Lefebvre V, Latour P, Vanuytsel T, Jones M, Tack J. A double-blind randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled study of itopride in functional dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14337. [PMID: 35357058 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itopride, a mixed D2 antagonist and cholinesterase inhibitor, has prokinetic effects on gastric motility. The Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale is a validated patient-reported outcome instrument for functional dyspepsia (FD) postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). We aimed to use the LPDS to assess treatment outcome in PDS and PDS/EPS (epigastric pain syndrome). METHODS Patients with PDS, with or without non-predominant EPS symptoms, were enrolled in an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled multi-center trial with itopride (100 mg t.i.d.). Patients completed LPDS diaries and questionnaires to assess treatment response. Mann-Whitney test and mixed models were used. RESULTS One hundred patients (79% females, 39.1 ± 1.5 yo) were included. No significant difference was observed between treatment arms (p = 0.6). Compared to baseline, itopride treatment significantly improved the LPDS score (p = 0.001) and all individual symptoms (p < 0.0001). In the placebo arm, this was only the case for belching and epigastric pain (p < 0.05). In an exploratory analysis, outcomes in "pure" PDS (n = 45) and overlapping PDS/EPS (n = 55) patients were assessed and showed that the latter subgroup has the largest benefit with itopride compared to placebo (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Using the LPDS score in a pilot controlled trial in FD, itopride shows no therapeutic benefit over placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. In an exploratory post hoc analysis, itopride but not placebo was associated with improvement of symptoms compared to baseline, and this was most prominent in patients with overlapping PDS/EPS. The efficacy of itopride in this subgroup needs to be evaluated in a large study using the same outcome measure. (clinialtrials.org ref.: NCT04647955).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Carbone
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lieselot Holvoet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Arts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium.,AZ St Lucas, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Philippe Caenepeel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium.,AZ St Jan Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Thierry De Ronde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Godinne University Hospital, UCLouvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Fabien Wuestenberghs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Godinne University Hospital, UCLouvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascale Latour
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Jones
- Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, University of Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Jung K, Jung HK, Kwon JG, Tae CH, Bang KB, Park JK, Lee JY, Shin CM, Oh JH, Song KH, Lee OY, Choi MG. Development and Validity Assessment of a Self-evaluation Questionnaire for Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter Prospective Study in Korea. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:111-120. [PMID: 34980694 PMCID: PMC8748857 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential for clinical decision making, conduction of clinical research, and drug application acquisition in functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study is to develop a PRO instrument and to determine the respondents’ perception of the efficacy of therapeutic agents for functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods A self-evaluation questionnaire for dyspepsia (SEQ-DYSPEPSIA) was developed and validated through a structured process. The 2-week reproducibility was evaluated, and the construct validity was assessed by correlating the scores of SEQ-DYSPEPSIA (including typical and major FD symptom subscales). Finally, the response to medication was assessed by comparing the changes after 4 weeks of treatment. Results A total of 193 Korean patients (age 48.5 ± 13.6 years, 69.4% women) completed the questionnaire. SEQ-DYSPEPSIA with 11 items had a good internal consistency (alpha = 0.770-0.905) and an acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.733-0.859). The self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ)-major FD score highly correlated with the postprandial fullness/early satiety domain of the Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index (correlation coefficient r = 0.741, P < 0.001), Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) (r = 0.839, P < 0.001), and NDI-K quality of life (r = −0.275 to −0.344, P < 0.001). After medical treatment, decrease in the SEQ-typical FD and SEQ-major FD was significantly greater in the responder group than in non-responder group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that the Korean version of SEQ-DYSPEPSIA has good reliability and validity, and can be a useful PRO measurement tool in patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Jung
- College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Goo Kwon
- Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chung Hyun Tae
- College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Bang
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Park
- Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Song
- CHA University, Ilsan Medical Center, Ilsan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Oh Young Lee
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Shetty YC, Koli PG, Lahoti M, Kulkarni S, Rajput P, Chawda MB. A prospective, single centre, open label, single arm pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Amlapitta Mishran Suspension in participants with endoscopic gastritis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100664. [PMID: 36436294 PMCID: PMC9700308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic gastritis is associated with symptoms of gastritis, along with endoscopic findings. Amlapitta Mishran has multiple active components that act via various mechanisms in patients with gastritis symptoms. We planned to conduct this study to find out the efficacy and safety of Amlapitta Mishran in patients with endoscopic gastritis. OBJECTIVES To find out efficacy of Amlapitta Mishran in patient with endoscopic gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was an open-label, prospective, single-center study. Thirty participants were recruited, and Amlapitta Mishran Suspension was given for 30 days. Blood investigations for safety were performed at baseline (Visit 1), on Visit 3 and Visit 4. Endoscopy was performed at baseline and Visit 4, and stomach erosion score was recorded. Amlapitta Symptom Rating Scale score, Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PPDS) score, and Epigastric Pain Syndrome (EPS) score were efficacy endpoints. RESULTS Out of the 30 participants recruited, 28 participants completed the study. The median age of participants in the study was 26.50 years. A statistically significant (P<0.05) reduction was seen in endoscopy score at Visit 4 as compared to baseline (Visit 1) by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Amlapitta Symptom Rating Scale score, PPDS score, EPS score also exhibited significant reduction (P < 0.05) at Visit 3 and Visit 4 as compared to baseline by Friedman's test with post hoc analysis. No statistically significant reduction was seen in these scores from Visit 3 to Visit 4, except for the EPS score. At the end of Visit 4, 18 (64%) participants had an endoscopy score of 1 (no erosions). At the end of Visit 4, ≥ 50% improvement was seen in Amlapitta Symptom Rating Scale score in 27 (96%) participants, PPDS score improved by ≥ 50% in 25 (89%) participants, and EPS score improved by ≥ 50% in 26 (93%) participants. All safety variables including laboratory investigation were within the normal range in all visits. CONCLUSION Amlapitta Mishran Suspension effectively reduced endoscopic gastritis scores in the participants and reduced the symptoms of gastritis measured by the Amlapitta Symptom Rating Scale, PPDS, and EPS scores with no adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashashri C. Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paresh G. Koli
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Manoj Lahoti
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Suyash Hospital, India
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14
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Gastrointestinal symptoms in office workers are predicted by psychological distress and short sleep duration. J Psychosom Res 2020; 138:110230. [PMID: 32927308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can be triggered by several lifestyle factors, including psychological distress, short sleep duration, and diet. It is poorly known which physiological mechanisms are involved, but the autonomic nervous system (as a key mediator of the stress response) is a likely candidate. We aimed to investigate the associations between selected lifestyle factors, measures of stress physiology, and GI symptoms. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of 1002 office employees (52% male, mean age 39 ± 10 years), who were asked to report their GI symptoms, psychological distress, sleep times, and intake of caffeine, alcohol, and soft drinks for 5 days. Skin conductance, heart rate / variability, and acceleration were automatically recorded using wearable sensors. 850 participants from this study were eligible for analysis. We computed within-person correlations between the variables and used mediation analysis to test causal models. RESULTS Sleep duration (ρ = -0.12, p < 0.001) and psychological distress (ρ = 0.19, p < 0.001) were significantly though weakly associated with GI symptoms. The physiological variables were not or weakly associated with GI symptoms in this study. The association between sleep duration and GI symptoms was largely mediated by psychological distress (61%). CONCLUSIONS Short sleep and psychological distress predict GI symptoms in office workers. Further research is needed to unravel the physiological mechanisms mediate this association.
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15
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Masuy I, Carbone F, Holvoet L, Vandenberghe A, Vanuytsel T, Tack J. The effect of rikkunshito on gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric motor function: The first study in a Belgian functional dyspepsia population. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13739. [PMID: 31608532 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rikkunshito, a traditional Kampo medicine, has shown efficacy to treat functional dyspepsia (FD) in controlled trials in Japan. Its putative benefit for European patients and mechanism of action has not been established. METHODS This study examined the effect of rikkunshito on gastric motility and GI symptom perception in FD-PDS patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. After a 2-week run-in period, patients received rikkunshito or matching placebo (2.5 g t.i.d.) for 4 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period. Symptoms were assessed by the Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS) diary throughout the study. At baseline and after both treatment arms, intragastric pressure (IGP) was measured to evaluate gastric accommodation and gastric motility. Simultaneously, GI symptoms were scored on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Validated symptom questionnaires (PAGI-SYM, VSI, DSS, and PHQ) were completed each study visit. KEY RESULTS Twenty-three patients completed the study (33 ± 14 years, 22.7 ± 3.22 kg/m2 ). Intragastric pressure was numerically, but not significantly, lower after rikkunshito compared with baseline and placebo (P = .14). No differences were found in gastric accommodation, nutrient volume tolerance, and symptoms assessed during IGP measurements. Early satiation and postprandial fullness (daily diary) decreased after rikkunshito compared with baseline (P < .041 for both). Placebo also improved most other symptoms assessed. No significant changes in VSI scores occurred. No adverse reactions occurred. CONCLUSIONS Rikkunshito did not alter gastric motility. Treatment with rikkunshito improved upper GI symptoms in FD patients but similarly high placebo effects were observed using the LPDS diary, PAGI-SYM, SF-NDI, and DSS scores. Rikkunshito was safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Masuy
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Vandenberghe A, Schol J, Van den Houte K, Masuy I, Carbone F, Tack J. Current and emerging therapeutic options for the management of functional dyspepsia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:365-376. [PMID: 31899982 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1707805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Functional Dyspepsia (FD), defined as chronic symptoms originating from the gastroduodenal region in absence of readily identifiable organic disease, is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. FD is divided into two subgroups: Post-Prandial Distress Syndrome (PDS) or meal-related FD, characterized by postprandial fullness and early satiation, and Epigastric Pain Syndrome (EPS) or meal-unrelated FD, characterized by epigastric pain and burning.Areas covered: This review summarizes the existing and off-label therapeutic options for FD.Expert opinion: The identification of mechanisms, the Rome IV classification, the reduction of PDS/EPS overlap and pictograms for symptom identification allow a better diagnosis and a more targeted treatment choice. Acotiamide, a first-in-class prokinetic agent available only in Japan and India, is the only agent of proven efficacy for FD, but clinicians use acid-suppressive therapy, prokinetics, neuromodulators and herbal therapies for treating FD symptoms. New emerging targets are duodenal low-grade inflammation with eosinophils and duodenal or other modified luminal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vandenberghe
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Schol
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Van den Houte
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Masuy
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Carbone
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Tack J, Masuy I, Van Den Houte K, Wauters L, Schol J, Vanuytsel T, Vandenberghe A, Carbone F. Drugs under development for the treatment of functional dyspepsia and related disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:871-889. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1673365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imke Masuy
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Van Den Houte
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schol
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Vandenberghe
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Chakraborty S, Desai A, Halland M, Burton D, Camilleri M, Zinsmeister AR, Bharucha AE. Relationship between symptoms during a gastric emptying study and intestinal chemosensitivity with daily symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13686. [PMID: 31328363 PMCID: PMC6746577 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a heterogeneous disorder, which is characterized by upper gastrointestinal symptoms and sensorimotor disturbances, including abnormal gastric emptying (GE) and increased intestinal chemosensitivity, and associated with greater plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels during duodenal lipid infusion. However, the relationship(s) between these disturbances and daily symptoms in NUD is variable. We hypothesize that abnormal GE and symptoms during a GE study and during duodenal lipid infusion are associated with the severity of daily symptoms and that GLP-1 mediates symptoms during duodenal lipid infusion in NUD. METHODS Gastric emptying of solids, symptoms during the GE study and duodenal lipid infusion, and daily gastrointestinal symptoms (2 week diary) were measured in 24 healthy controls and 40 NUD patients. During duodenal lipid infusion, participants received the GLP-1 antagonist exendin 9-39 or placebo. KEY RESULTS In controls and patients, GE of solids was normal in 75% and 75%, delayed in 8% and 12.5%, or rapid in 17% and 12.5%, respectively. No controls but 26 patients (65%) had severe symptoms during the GE study. During lipid infusion, gastrointestinal symptoms were greater (P = .001) in patients and not affected by exendin. Symptoms during GE study and lipid infusion accounted for respectively 62% and 37% of variance in daily symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS In NUD, symptoms during a GE study and to a lesser extent during lipid infusion explain the variance in daily symptoms. Intestinal chemosensitivity is not reduced by GLP-1 antagonist. Assessment of symptoms during a GE study may provide a useful biomarker for NUD in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshuman Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Magnus Halland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Duane Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Alan R. Zinsmeister
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Adil E. Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
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19
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Masuy I, Van Oudenhove L, Tack J. Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:1134-1172. [PMID: 30924176 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia, consisting of epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. To date, only limited treatment options are available and conflicting results in terms of efficacy have been reported. Consequently, nonpharmacological treatment options are increasingly being explored for functional dyspepsia. AIM To provide an overview of current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for functional dyspepsia. METHODS A literature search was conducted on Pubmed and other sources to identify relevant studies. RESULTS Acid suppressive therapy reduced symptoms in 30%-70% of the patients, with higher benefit in epigastric pain syndrome and superior effectiveness for proton pump inhibitors compared to H2 -antagonists. Prokinetic agents, primarily used to treat postprandial distress syndrome, showed variable efficiency: 59%-81% responder rate for dopamine receptor antagonists, 32%-91% for serotonin-4-receptor agonists and 31%-80% for muscarinic receptor antagonists. H Pylori eradication, recommended in infected patients, was effective in 24%-82%. Refractory symptoms are addressed with neuromodulators. However, their efficacy in functional dyspepsia remains incompletely elucidated, available data showing symptom reduction in 27%-71% of the patients. Regarding herbal agents, peppermint oil reduced symptoms in 66%-91%, rikkunshito in 29%-34% and iberogast in 20%-95%. Lastly, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy and hypnotherapy may help to provide symptom control, but research on their efficacy remains sparse. CONCLUSIONS None of the available therapies is effective in the majority of patients without being associated with major side effects. Developing new treatment options is challenging due to the heterogeneity of functional dyspepsia, the lack of readily identified target mechanisms and the poor association between pathophysiological disturbances and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Masuy
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Masuy I, Tack J, Verbeke K, Carbone F. Acotiamide affects antral motility, but has no effect on fundic motility, gastric emptying or symptom perception in healthy participants. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13540. [PMID: 30663175 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acotiamide, a prokinetic agent was shown to be efficacious in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). The exact mechanism of action is incompletely elucidated. METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study aimed to examine the effect of acotiamide on gastric motility, measured as intragastric pressure, gastric emptying (GE) rate and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom perception in healthy volunteers (HVs). Participants were treated with acotiamide (100 mg tid) and placebo for 3 weeks, separated by a 1-week washout period. A daily symptom diary was collected during both treatments. At the end of each treatment period, GE rate and gastric motility were assessed with a 13 C-octanoic acid breath test and high-resolution manometry during nutrient infusion, respectively. GI symptom levels were scored during high-resolution manometry. Data were analyzed using mixed models. The study was registered as NCT03402984. KEY RESULTS Twenty HVs (10 female, 25 ± 4.1 years, 22.58 ± 2.73 kg/m2 ) participated in the study. There was no difference in GE half time between both treatments (P = 0.92). Acotiamide had no effect on fundic pressures before and after nutrient infusion (P = 0.91). However, postprandial antral pressures remained significantly lower compared to placebo (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in hunger, satiation and GI symptoms scores assessed during IGP measurement and by the daily diary (P > 0.12 for all). CONCLUSION Acotiamide is associated with lower antral pressures after nutrient intake, whereas it has no effect on fundic pressures, GE rate and symptom perceptions in HVs. Studies in FD need to elucidate whether lower antral pressures induced by acotiamide underlie postprandial symptom improvement in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Masuy
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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The Nepean Dyspepsia Index is a valid instrument for measuring quality-of-life in functional dyspepsia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:329-333. [PMID: 30461521 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) has been in widespread use since its publication in 1999 and the addition of a short form in 2001. The NDI was one of the first disease-specific quality-of-life instruments created for functional dyspepsia (FD). However, its psychometric properties have never been validated in an independent sample. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the NDI in an a-priori driven approach in an independent population. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 289 individuals who fulfilled the Rome criteria for FD enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled trial (FD treatment trial), we examined construct validity, convergent validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS Construct validity was supported in its 25-item unweighted and weighted forms as well as the 10-item short form. All items in the 25-item form yielded considerable (>0.5) standardized loadings on their respective latent variables and all reached statistical significance (P<0.0001), supporting their relationships with the hypothesized domains. Convergent validity was strongly supported, with every domain being correlated with multiple external instruments; the majority of correlations were in the range 0.3-0.5 (in absolute values). The items comprising each domain showed good internal consistency, with the lowest value of Chronbach α at 0.80. Scores based on the short form (10-item) version of the NDI correlated strongly with the full 25-item form (tension ρ=0.88, interference ρ=0.94, eat/drink ρ=0.95, knowledge ρ=0.84 and work/study ρ=0.97; all P<0.0001). CONCLUSION The NDI is a valid instrument that can be used to measure the disease-specific impact of FD on quality of life.
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Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is subdivided into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome according to the Rome IV consensus. Based on the assumption that disordered gastric motility is a key pathophysiologic factor in postprandial distress syndrome, prokinetic agents are often proposed as the treatment of choice for this subgroup. Although a meta-analysis suggests that prokinetic agents may be efficacious and safe in FD, there is a lack of widely available agents of proven efficacy. This review analyzes some of the difficulties and challenges in establishing therapeutic efficacy of prokinetic drugs in FD.
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Smeets FGM, Keszthelyi D, Vork L, Tack J, Talley NJ, Simren M, Aziz Q, Ford AC, Conchillo JM, Kruimel JW, Van Os J, Masclee AAM. Development of a real-time patient-reported outcome measure for symptom assessment in patients with functional dyspepsia using the experience sampling method. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13496. [PMID: 30393939 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Current end-of-day questionnaires have several limitations including sensitivity to recall and ecological bias. The experience sampling method (ESM) is characterized by random and repeated assessments across momentary states in daily life and therefore less sensitive to these limitations. This study describes the development of a novel PROM based on ESM technology. METHODS An initial draft of the PROM was developed based on literature. Focus group interviews with FD patients according to Rome IV criteria, and an expert meeting with international opinion leaders in the field of functional gastrointestinal disorders were conducted in order to select items for the PROM. Cognitive interviews were performed to evaluate patients' understanding of the selected items and to create the definitive PROM. KEY RESULTS A systematic literature search revealed 59 items across four domains (ie, physical status; mood and psychological factors; context and environment; and nutrition, medication, and substance use). After patient focus group interviews and an international expert meeting, the number of items was reduced to 33. Cognitive interviews resulted in some minor linguistic changes in order to improve patients' understanding. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES A novel digital ESM-based PROM for real-time symptom assessment in patients with functional dyspepsia was developed. This novel PROM has the potential to identify individual symptom patterns and specific triggers for dyspeptic symptoms, and optimize treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiënne G M Smeets
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vork
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - José M Conchillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna W Kruimel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Van Den Houte K, Carbone F, Tack J. Postprandial distress syndrome: stratification and management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:37-46. [PMID: 30791841 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD), defined by the Rome consensus as the presence of functional symptoms originating from the gastroduodenum, is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. FD is subdivided into postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), with meal-related symptoms such as postprandial fullness and early satiation, and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), with meal-unrelated symptoms such as epigastric pain or burning. We used a literature search for a narrative review on the current state of knowledge regarding PDS. Areas covered: Epidemiological studies support PDS as a separate entity and the biggest FD subgroup. The pathophysiology of PDS is heterogeneous, and disorders of gastric sensorimotor function as well as low grade duodenal inflammation have been implicated. Although prokinetic agents may provide the most pathophysiology-oriented treatment option, there is a paucity of suitable agents, and proton pump inhibitors are the traditional first-line therapy. Other options include agents that enhance gastric accommodation, such as acotiamide and 5-HT1A agonists, neuromodulators such as mirtazapine, and traditional medicine approaches. Expert commentary: PDS is highly prevalent, with probably heterogeneous underlying pathophysiology. Motility modifying agents and neuromodulators are the cornerstone of PDS therapy, but there is a need for high quality studies of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Van Den Houte
- a Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID) , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Florencia Carbone
- a Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID) , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- a Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID) , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Large-scale wearable data reveal digital phenotypes for daily-life stress detection. NPJ Digit Med 2018; 1:67. [PMID: 31304344 PMCID: PMC6550211 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-018-0074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological signals have shown to be reliable indicators of stress in laboratory studies, yet large-scale ambulatory validation is lacking. We present a large-scale cross-sectional study for ambulatory stress detection, consisting of 1002 subjects, containing subjects' demographics, baseline psychological information, and five consecutive days of free-living physiological and contextual measurements, collected through wearable devices and smartphones. This dataset represents a healthy population, showing associations between wearable physiological signals and self-reported daily-life stress. Using a data-driven approach, we identified digital phenotypes characterized by self-reported poor health indicators and high depression, anxiety and stress scores that are associated with blunted physiological responses to stress. These results emphasize the need for large-scale collections of multi-sensor data, to build personalized stress models for precision medicine.
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Sun SG, Jiang DL. Efficacy of trimebutine maleate combined with venlafaxine in treatment of functional dyspepsia: Impact on gastric tolerance and gastrointestinal hormone levels. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1901-1906. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i32.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of trimebutine maleate combined with venlafaxine in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and the effect on gastric receptivity and gastrointestinal hormone levels.
METHODS One hundred and thirty patients with FD diagnosed at Tianjin Ninghe District Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 65 cases in each group. Both groups were given oral trimebutine maleate tablets, and the observation group was additionally given venlafaxine sustained-release tablets. Both groups were evaluated for efficacy after 4 wk of treatment. The clinical symptom score, clinical total effective rate, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, adverse reaction rate, motilin (MOT), somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS), and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The changes of electrocardiogram, gastric tolerance, and gastrointestinal hormones were measured and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS After treatment, the symptom score of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 100% (65/65) in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (86.2%, 57/65; χ2 = 5.097, P < 0.01). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). The frequency and low frequency of electrogastrogram and maximum drinking water quantity of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and these indicators were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, MOT and SS levels were significantly decreased in both groups, and GAS was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of MOT and SS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the GAS level was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Trimebutine maleate combined with venlafaxine can effectively and safely alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and improve anxiety and depression in patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Guang Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ninghe District Hospital, Tianjin 301500, China
| | - Dong-Lian Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent progress in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of gastroduodenal motility disorders with an emphasis on functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. RECENT FINDINGS Pathophysiological research has focused on the association of delayed emptying and impaired accommodation with symptom pattern. Studies also confirmed the presence of altered mucosal integrity and low-grade immune activation in the duodenum in functional dyspepsia, while changes in numbers of interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric neurons were confirmed in gastroparesis. Treatment advances in gastroparesis include new prokinetics such as the ghrelin receptor agonist relamorelin and the antiemetic agent aprepitant. The efficacy and use of neuromodulators were reviewed and new management guidelines for functional dyspepsia were published. SUMMARY Pathophysiological research has focused on cellular changes in gastroparesis and gastroduodenal motility disorders. New treatments include relamorelin and aprepitant for gastroparesis.
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Lee HH, Jung HK, Choi MG. [Guideline Recommendation for Endpoints Used in Clinical Trials for Functional Dyspepsia]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 72:170-178. [PMID: 30419642 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2018.72.4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia is a disease, in which there is no organic lesion but chronic and repetitive postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. Functional dyspepsia is not life-threatening but its symptoms are relapsing and remitting and persist over a lifetime, limiting the social life and reducing the quality of life. Therefore, the treatment for acute relapsing period may help improve the short-term symptoms. Continuous medication may be needed to improve the long-term symptoms. Research designs to demonstrate the short-term efficacy of therapeutic agents may differ from clinical trials to demonstrate long-term efficacy. There are many difficulties in clinical trial design, implementation, and screening because there are no international standards of clinical trials for functional dyspepsia. The purpose of this guideline recommendation is to develop a standard for clinical trials, such as clinical trial subjects and evaluation methods, in the development of therapeutic agents for functional dyspepsia. The ultimate aim is to enhance the safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents for functional dyspepsia and promote the development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Gyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Tack J, Camilleri M. New developments in the treatment of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:111-117. [PMID: 30245474 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis are frequent causes of upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain or burning, upper abdominal bloating, bothersome belching, nausea and vomiting. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are heterogeneous and involved mechanisms such as abnormal gastric motility (accommodation, emptying), visceral hypersensitivity, low grade mucosal inflammation and cellular changes in enteric nerves, muscle or interstitial cells of Cajal. Patient-reported outcomes for evaluating treatment efficacy in these conditions were recently developed and validated. Prokinetic agents, which enhance gastric motility, are used for treating both gastroparesis and FD. In FD, besides acid suppressive therapy and Helicobacter pylori eradication, neuromodulators and drugs that enhance gastric accommodation can be applied. In gastroparesis, anti-emetics may also provide symptom relief. Novel approaches under evaluation in these conditions are the fundus relaxing agents acotiamide and buspirone and the antidepressant mirtazapine in FD. For gastroparesis, recently studied agents include the prokinetic ghrelin agonist relamorelin, the prokinetic serotonergic agents velusetrag and prucalopride, the anti-emetic aprepitant and per-endoscopic pyloric myotomy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tack
- TARGID, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium.
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Tack J, Pokrotnieks J, Urbonas G, Banciu C, Yakusevich V, Bunganic I, Törnblom H, Kleban Y, Eavis P, Tsuchikawa M, Miyagawa T. Long-term safety and efficacy of acotiamide in functional dyspepsia (postprandial distress syndrome)-results from the European phase 3 open-label safety trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13284. [PMID: 29315999 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Acotiamide is a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD). This European phase 3 open-label safety trial has been conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of acotiamide and explore the efficacy of acotiamide on PDS symptoms using the validated LPDS, quality of life using SF-36 and SF-NDI, and work productivity using WPAI. METHODS FD-PDS patients (defined by ROME III criteria) aged ≥18 years with active PDS symptoms and without predominant overlapping symptoms of epigastric pain syndrome and related disorders were enrolled to receive 100 mg acotiamide three times daily for 1 year. Patients' safety profile and efficacy of acotiamide were monitored. KEY RESULTS The majority of patients (81.6%) maintained exposure to acotiamide for >50 weeks, with a mean duration of 320.3 days. No specific clinically significant safety concerns have been shown, with no deaths, treatment-related severe/serious adverse events, or any clinically significant laboratory test results. Although being an open-label trial, acotiamide showed a change in severity larger than the minimum clinically important difference at weeks 1 and 2 for postprandial fullness and early satiation (meal-related symptoms), and showed improvement of quality of life and work productivity from the first measurement (at week 12) up to 1 year. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The long-term safety of acotiamide treatment was confirmed. A clinically important change for PDS symptoms, QoL, and work productivity was suggested; however a controlled trial is required to confirm this hypothetic efficacy of acotiamide. (NCT01973790).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tack
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leuven, TARGID, University of Leuven, Belgium, Leuven
| | - J Pokrotnieks
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - G Urbonas
- Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - C Banciu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - V Yakusevich
- Clinical Hospital named after N.V. Solovyov, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - I Bunganic
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Centrum of Biologic Therapy, Presov, Slovakia
| | - H Törnblom
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Y Kleban
- Railway Clinical Hospital No. 2 of Station Kyiv of South-West Railway, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - M Tsuchikawa
- Zeria Shinyaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Miyagawa
- Zeria Shinyaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Smeets FGM, Masclee AAM, Conchillo JM, Keszthelyi D. Systematic review: Disease-specific instruments to assess gastrointestinal symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 29520918 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with incompletely understood pathophysiology and heterogeneous symptom presentation. Assessment of treatment efficacy in FD is a methodological challenge as response to treatment must be assessed primarily by measuring subjective symptoms. Therefore, the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is recommended by regulatory authorities to assess gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical trials for FD. In the last decades, a multitude of outcome measures has been developed. However, currently no PROM has been approved by the regulatory authorities, and no consensus has been reached with regard to the most relevant outcome measure in FD. PURPOSE This systematic review discusses the available disease-specific outcome measures for assessment of FD symptoms with psychometric validation properties, strengths, and limitations. Moreover, recommendations for use of current available outcome measures are provided, and potential areas of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G M Smeets
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J M Conchillo
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Taylor F, Higgins S, Carson RT, Eremenco S, Foley C, Lacy BE, Parkman HP, Reasner DS, Shields AL, Tack J, Talley NJ. Development of a Symptom-Focused Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Functional Dyspepsia: The Functional Dyspepsia Symptom Diary (FDSD). Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:39-48. [PMID: 28925989 PMCID: PMC5770596 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Functional Dyspepsia Symptom Diary (FDSD) was developed to address the lack of symptom-focused, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures designed for use in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients and meeting Food and Drug Administration recommendations for PRO instrument development. METHODS Concept elicitation interviews were conducted with FD participants to identify symptoms important and relevant to FD patients. A preliminary version of the FDSD was constructed, then completed by FD participants on an electronic device in cognitive interviews to evaluate the readability, comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness of the FDSD, and to preliminarily evaluate its measurement properties. RESULTS During concept elicitation interviews, 45 participants spontaneously reported 19 symptom concepts. Of those, seven symptoms were selected for assessment by the eight-item FDSD. Cognitive interviews with 57 participants confirmed that participants were able to comprehend and provide meaningful responses to the FDSD, and that the handheld electronic FDSD format was suitable for use in the target population. Scores of the FDSD were well-distributed among response options, item discrimination indices suggested that the FDSD items differentiate among patients with varying degrees of FD severity, and inter-item correlations suggested that no items of the FDSD were capturing redundant information. Internal consistency estimates (0.87) and construct-related validity estimates using known-groups methods were within acceptable ranges. CONCLUSIONS The FDSD is a content-valid PRO measure, with preliminary psychometric evidence providing support for the FDSD's items and total score. Further psychometric evaluations are recommended to more fully test the FDSD's score performance and other measurement properties in the target patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Taylor
- Adelphi Values, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophie Higgins
- Adelphi Values, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine Foley
- Adelphi Values, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian E Lacy
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Henry P Parkman
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David S Reasner
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan L Shields
- Adelphi Values, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Tack
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent progress in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. RECENT FINDINGS The definition of functional dyspepsia and its subgroups has been revised in the recent Rome IV consensus. In gastroparesis, the symptom pattern and its similarities and differences from functional dyspepsia have been a focus of recent research. In functional dyspepsia, pathophysiological research continued to evaluate gastric sensorimotor dysfunctions, but low-grade inflammatory changes and loss of mucosal integrity in the duodenum is a new topic of intense research. Treatment advances include new prokinetics such as acotiamide and the ghrelin receptor agonist relamorelin. The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants was recently reviewed and mirtazapine is a new agent used in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. In gastroparesis, research has focused on the role of macrophages in loss of interstitial cells of Cajal, and on the role of pyloric resistance as a target for therapy, using botulinum toxin injection and gastric per-endoscopic pyloric myotomy. SUMMARY The functional dyspepsia definition and subgrouping were updated in the Rome IV consensus. Research focuses on duodenal mucosal alterations in functional dyspepsia and pyloric resistance in gastroparesis. New treatments include novel prokinetics and pylorus-directed interventions.
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Vakil NB, Howden CW, Moayyedi P, Tack J. White Paper AGA: Functional Dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1191-1194. [PMID: 28529164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia remains a major challenge for clinicians with no approved drugs available in the Western World. In October 2016, a meeting was held in Washington, DC, sponsored by the American Gastroenterological Association's Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, which included members of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry, experts in FD, and representatives of patient organizations. This white paper summarizes our current status, progress with a validated patient reported outcome instrument in functional dyspepsia, future directions and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish B Vakil
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Colin W Howden
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Jan Tack
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Carbone F, Holvoet L, Vanuytsel T, Tack J. Rome III functional dyspepsia symptoms classification: Severity vs frequency. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28295895 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rome III criteria subdivide functional dyspepsia (FD) in the epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and the postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) based on the frequency of the symptoms to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, it is unclear to which extent the frequency of the symptoms is related to their severity. Our aim was to explore the frequency and severity of dyspeptic symptoms and their relationship in FD patients. METHODS Functional dyspepsia patients fulfilling the Rome III diagnostic completed a questionnaire that evaluated the frequency and severity of FD symptoms. The concordance between the severity and frequency categories was analyzed by means of spearman correlation and the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc ). KEY RESULTS In the entire patient cohort (n=421), the classification of symptoms severity and frequency showed good concordance for all symptoms. In the EPS subgroup (n=….), the symptom severity and frequency score of epigastric pain showed a poor correlation (r=.28; ρc =0.07). The PDS subgroup (n=…) showed a good correlation for most of the symptoms. Due to its limited occurrence in this group, the correlation of the severity and frequency scores for epigastric pain is of little relevance (r=.79; ρc =0.58). The overlap EPS-PDS group showed good correlation for most of the symptoms, except for epigastric pain (pain r=.24; ρc =0.09). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We conclude that the information given by the assessment of frequency and severity of PDS symptoms is comparable and hence one of the scores sufficiently identifies symptom pattern in PDS patients. In EPS patients, both the symptom frequency and severity should be taken into account as two separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carbone
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Holvoet
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Parker HL, Curcic J, Heinrich H, Sauter M, Hollenstein M, Schwizer W, Savarino E, Fox M. What to eat and drink in the festive season: a pan-European, observational, cross-sectional study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:608-614. [PMID: 28350753 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive discomfort after meals is common in the community, especially during the festive season. It is uncertain whether this is related to intake of either high-calorie or high-fat foods or, alternatively, intake of specific foods. This prospective, cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that the risk of reflux or dyspepsia is associated with the fat content of the meal independent of caloric load in a 'real-life' setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four festive meals were served to delegates attending a conference on four consecutive days. Test meals had the same volume, but varied in calorie and fat content. Study procedures and symptoms were monitored using a mobile application (SymTrack). The effect of alcoholic compared with nonalcoholic drinks was also assessed. Primary outcome was the occurrence of reflux or dyspeptic symptoms. Fullness was documented by a visual analogue scale. RESULTS A total of 84/120 (70%) delegates aged 22-69 years consented to participate. At screening, 22 (31%) participants reported at least mild symptoms on the Leuven Dyspepsia Questionnaire. Specific ingredients did not appear to impact on postprandial symptoms. All high-calorie dinners [British, German, Italian (with alcohol)] induced more symptoms than the low-fat, low-calorie Czech dinner [odds ratio: 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-6.9 (P=0.058), 1.5 (0.3-3.8), and 2.8 (0.7-10.5), respectively]. Self-reported fullness after the high-fat, high-calorie British dinner was higher by 23/100 (95% CI: 4-42, P=0.016) with respect to low-fat, low-calorie Czech and German dinners. CONCLUSION Study participants tolerated a range of food and drink well. Reflux or dyspeptic symptoms were least likely after the low-fat, low-calorie meal. Fullness was increased after the high-fat, high-calorie dinner, but not low-fat meals. These results will help the public to make evidence-based dietary choices during the carnival season!
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Parker
- aZürich Neurogastroenterology and Motility Research Group, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich bDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - DiSCOG, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Azienza Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy cAbdominal Center: Gastroenterology, St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
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