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Malagón M, Alwers E, Oliver L, Ramió-Pujol S, Sánchez-Vizcaino M, Amoedo J, de Cambra S, Serra-Pagès M, Castells A, Aldeguer X, Garcia-Gil J, Brenner H. Clinical performance study of a fecal bacterial signature test for colorectal cancer screening. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293678. [PMID: 37992030 PMCID: PMC10664962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is the most widely used test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. RAID-CRC Screen is a new non-invasive test based on fecal bacterial markers, developed to complement FIT by increasing its specificity. The test was previously clinically evaluated in FIT-positive patients (>20 μg of hemoglobin/g of feces, "FIT20"), in which it reduced the proportion of false positive results by 16.3% while maintaining most of FIT20's sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of a CRC screening program using RAID-CRC Screen in addition to FIT20 as a triage test in a European screening population undergoing screening colonoscopy with a CRC screening program with FIT20 alone in the same cohort. A cohort of 2481 subjects aged > 55 years from the German screening colonoscopy program was included. The colonoscopy findings were used as the gold standard in calculating the diagnostic capacity of the tests and included 15 CRC and 257 advanced neoplasia cases. RAID-CRC Screen added to FIT20 provided the same sensitivity as FIT20 alone (66.7%) in detecting CRC and a significantly higher specificity (97.0% vs. 96.1%, p<0.0001). The positive predictive value was 11.9% when using RAID-CRC Screen and 9.5% with FIT20 alone, and the negative predictive value was 99.8% in the two scenarios. For advanced neoplasia detection, the use of RAID-CRC Screen yielded significantly lower sensitivity than with FIT20 alone (17.5% vs. 21.8%, p = 0.0009), and the overall specificity was significantly higher when using RAID-CRC Screen compared with FIT20 alone (98.2% vs. 97.8%, p = 0.0039). Our findings confirm the results obtained in previous clinical studies in a CRC screening setting, showing the potential of RAID-CRC Screen to increase the overall specificity of FIT-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Alwers
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoni Castells
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Hampton JS, Kenny RP, Rees CJ, Hamilton W, Eastaugh C, Richmond C, Sharp L. The performance of FIT-based and other risk prediction models for colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102204. [PMID: 37781155 PMCID: PMC10541467 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing internationally. Endoscopy services are under significant pressure with many overwhelmed. Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) has been advocated to identify a high-risk population of symptomatic patients requiring definitive investigation by colonoscopy. Combining FIT with other factors in a risk prediction model could further improve performance in identifying those requiring investigation most urgently. We systematically reviewed performance of models predicting risk of CRC and/or advanced colorectal polyps (ACP) in symptomatic patients, with a particular focus on those models including FIT. Methods The review protocol was published on PROSPERO (CRD42022314710). Searches were conducted from database inception to April 2023 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane libraries, SCOPUS and CINAHL. Risk of bias of each study was assessed using The Prediction study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. A narrative synthesis based on the guidelines for Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis was performed due to study heterogeneity. Findings We included 62 studies; 23 included FIT (n = 22) or guaiac Faecal Occult Blood Testing (n = 1) combined with one or more other variables. Twenty-one studies were conducted solely in primary care. Generally, prediction models including FIT consistently had good discriminatory ability for CRC/ACP (i.e. AUC >0.8) and performed better than models without FIT although some models without FIT also performed well. However, many studies did not present calibration and internal and external validation were limited. Two studies were rated as low risk of bias; neither model included FIT. Interpretation Risk prediction models, including and not including FIT, show promise for identifying those most at risk of colorectal neoplasia. Substantial limitations in evidence remain, including heterogeneity, high risk of bias, and lack of external validation. Further evaluation in studies adhering to gold standard methodology, in appropriate populations, is required before widespread adoption in clinical practice. Funding National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) [Health Technology Assessment Programme (HTA) Programme (Project number 133852).
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Hampton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan P.W. Kenny
- Evidence Synthesis Group, The Catalyst, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Innovation Observatory, The Catalyst, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Rees
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - William Hamilton
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Eastaugh
- Evidence Synthesis Group, The Catalyst, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Innovation Observatory, The Catalyst, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Richmond
- Evidence Synthesis Group, The Catalyst, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Innovation Observatory, The Catalyst, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - COLOFIT Research Team
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
- Evidence Synthesis Group, The Catalyst, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Innovation Observatory, The Catalyst, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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3
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Ye Z, Song G, Liang J, Yi S, Gao Y, Jiang H. Optimized screening of DNA methylation sites combined with gene expression analysis to identify diagnostic markers of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:617. [PMID: 37400791 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer is related to early detection. However, commonly used screening markers lack sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we identified diagnostic methylation sites for colorectal cancer. METHODS After screening the colorectal cancer methylation dataset, diagnostic sites were identified via survival analysis, difference analysis, and ridge regression dimensionality reduction. The correlation between the selected methylation sites and the estimation of immune cell infiltration was analyzed. The accuracy of the diagnosis was verified using different datasets and the 10-fold crossover method. RESULTS According to Gene Ontology, the main enrichment pathways of genes with hypermethylation sites are axon development, axonogenesis, and pattern specification processes. However, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggests the following main enrichment pathways: neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, and cAMP signaling. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE131013 datasets, the area under the curve of cg07628404 was > 0.95. For the NaiveBayes machine model of cg02604524, cg07628404, and cg27364741, the accuracies of 10-fold cross-validation in the GSE131013 and TCGA datasets were 95% and 99.4%, respectively. The survival prognosis of the hypomethylated group (cg02604524, cg07628404, and cg27364741) was better than that of the hypermethylated group. The mutation risk did not differ between the hypermethylated and hypomethylated groups. The correlation coefficient between the three loci and CD4 central memory T cells, hematological stem cells, and other immune cells was not high (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In cases of colorectal cancer, the main enrichment pathway of genes with hypermethylated sites was axon and nerve development. In the biopsy tissues, the hypermethylation sites were diagnostic for colorectal cancer, and the NaiveBayes machine model of the three loci showed good diagnostic performance. Site (cg02604524, cg07628404, and cg27364741) hypermethylation predicts poor survival for colorectal cancer. Three methylation sites were weakly correlated with individual immune cell infiltration. Hypermethylation sites may be a useful repository for diagnosing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Guangle Song
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Tai'an City Center Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shuying Yi
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
| | - Hanming Jiang
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
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4
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Malagón M, Oliver L, Ramió-Pujol S, Guardiola J, Balaguer F. Returning to endoscopy normality through the support of a new non-invasive faecal test based on microbial signatures. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1666-1668. [PMID: 34470723 PMCID: PMC8403525 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Guardiola
- Digestive Diseases Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Balaguer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Lluansí A, Llirós M, Oliver L, Bahí A, Elias-Masiques N, Gonzalez M, Benejam P, Cueva E, Termes M, Ramió-Pujol S, Malagón M, Amoedo J, Serrano M, Busquets D, Torreabla L, Sabat M, Buxó M, Cambra M, Serra-Pagès M, Delgado-Aros S, García-Gil LJ, Elias I, Aldeguer X. In vitro Prebiotic Effect of Bread-Making Process in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716307. [PMID: 34707578 PMCID: PMC8543021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including its two main categories (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), has been linked both to gut microbiota and to diet. Bread is a daily food that has a potential capacity as a prebiotic. Our aim was to evaluate different bread-making processes and their effect on fecal colonic microbiota in IBD patients. The microbial composition of several sourdoughs and dough samples was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Three types of bread, which followed different bread-making processes, were in vitro digested and incubated with feces from IBD patients. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction using specific bacterial sequence targets. Short-chain fatty acid production was also analyzed by gas chromatography. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis was the dominant lactic acid bacteria species found in sourdough and bread doughs prepared using sourdough, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most dominant yeast in all groups, especially in bread doughs before baking. Differences in microbial composition in raw bread doughs were more related to the type of dough and elaboration than to fermentation time lengths. The analysis of in vitro fecal incubations with bread conditions revealed an increase in most bacterial groups analyzed and short-chain fatty acid production, both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis samples. Most remarkable increases in short-chain fatty acid production mirrored higher abundances of Roseburia species. The potential prebiotic properties observed were mainly obtained when using a high quantity of bread, regardless of bread type. Overall, this study highlights the bacterial dynamics within the bread-making process and the potential prebiotic effect in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Lluansí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain
| | - Marc Llirós
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bahí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Busquets
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Leyanira Torreabla
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Miriam Sabat
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain
| | - Maria Cambra
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Salt, Spain.,GoodGut S.L., Girona, Spain.,Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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6
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Guerrero JA, Pérez-Anker J, Fernández-Esparrach G, Archilla I, Diaz A, Lopez-Prades S, Rodrigo-Calvo M, Lahoz S, Camps J, Puig S, Malvehy J, Cuatrecasas M. Ex vivo Fusion Confocal Microscopy of Colorectal Polyps: A Fast Turnaround Time of Pathological Diagnosis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:392-399. [PMID: 34407541 DOI: 10.1159/000517190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer screening programs have accomplished a mortality reduction from the disease but have created bottlenecks in endoscopy units and pathology departments. We aimed to explore the feasibility of ex vivo fusion confocal microscopy (FuCM) to improve the histopathology diagnostic efficiency and reduce laboratory workload. METHODS Consecutive fresh polyps removed at colonoscopy were scanned using ex vivo FuCM, then went through histopathologic workout and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) diagnosis. Two pathologists blinded to H&E diagnosis made a diagnosis based on FuCM scanned images. RESULTS Thirty-six fresh polyps from 22 patients were diagnosed with FuCM and H&E. Diagnostic agreement between H&E and FuCM was 97.2% (kappa = 0.96) for pathologist #1 and 91.7% (kappa = 0.87) for pathologist #2. Diagnostic performance concordance between FuCM and H&E to discern adenomatous from nonadenomatous polyps was 100% (kappa = 1) for pathologist #1 and 97.2% (kappa = 0.94) for pathologist #2. Global interobserver agreement was 94.44% (kappa = 0.91) and kappa = 0.94 to distinguish adenomatous from nonadenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo FuCM shows an excellent correlation with standard H&E for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps. The clinical direct benefit for patients, pathologists, and endoscopists allows adapting personalized surveillance protocols after colonoscopy and a workload decrease in pathology departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Andres Guerrero
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Fernández-Esparrach
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Archilla
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Diaz
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Prades
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Rodrigo-Calvo
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Lahoz
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Banc de Teixits-Biobanc Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Oliver L, Ramió-Pujol S, Amoedo J, Malagón M, Serrano M, Bahí A, Lluansí A, Torrealba L, Busquets D, Pardo L, Serra-Pagès M, Aldeguer X, Garcia-Gil J. A Novel Grape-Derived Prebiotic Selectively Enhances Abundance and Metabolic Activity of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Faecal Samples. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639948. [PMID: 33833742 PMCID: PMC8021714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have different faecal microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. Prebiotics intake influences intestinal microbiota composition which in turn influence the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Previpect, a new prebiotic obtained from grapes fibre, to balance the dysbiosis found in patients with intestinal disorders. This was achieved through the analysis of specific bacterial markers and SCFA production using an in vitro fermentation system and comparing the obtained results with those obtained with other commercial prebiotics. Fresh faecal samples from patients with IBD (N = 6), IBS (N = 3), and control subjects (N = 6) were used. Previpect showed high fermentative ability enabling the growth of butyrate producing bacteria and increasing SCFA concentration up to 2.5-fold. Previpect is a promising prebiotic which may be used as a therapeutic strategy towards promotion of intestinal microbiota restoration, microbial healing, and as a preventive supplement for healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Bahí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain
| | - Aleix Lluansí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain
| | | | - David Busquets
- Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Pardo
- Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Aldeguer
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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Ferlizza E, Solmi R, Sgarzi M, Ricciardiello L, Lauriola M. The Roadmap of Colorectal Cancer Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1101. [PMID: 33806465 PMCID: PMC7961708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer in terms of incidence and the second in terms of mortality worldwide. CRC develops over several years, thus highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. National screening programs based on fecal occult blood tests and subsequent colonoscopy have reduced the incidence and mortality, however improvements are needed since the participation rate remains low and the tests present a high number of false positive results. This review provides an overview of the CRC screening globally and the state of the art in approaches aimed at improving accuracy and participation in CRC screening, also considering the need for gender and age differentiation. New fecal tests and biomarkers such as DNA methylation, mutation or integrity, proteins and microRNAs are explored, including recent investigations into fecal microbiota. Liquid biopsy approaches, involving novel biomarkers and panels, such as circulating mRNA, micro- and long-non-coding RNA, DNA, proteins and extracellular vesicles are discussed. The approaches reported are based on quantitative PCR methods that could be easily applied to routine screening, or arrays and sequencing assays that should be better exploited to describe and identify candidate biomarkers in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.S); (M.L.)
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.S); (M.L.)
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.S); (M.L.)
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.S); (M.L.)
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9
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Malagón M, Ramió-Pujol S, Serrano M, Amoedo J, Oliver L, Bahí A, Miquel-Cusachs JO, Ramirez M, Queralt-Moles X, Gilabert P, Saló J, Guardiola J, Piñol V, Serra-Pagès M, Castells A, Aldeguer X, Garcia-Gil LJ. New fecal bacterial signature for colorectal cancer screening reduces the fecal immunochemical test false-positive rate in a screening population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243158. [PMID: 33259546 PMCID: PMC7707514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidelines recommend routine screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in asymptomatic adults starting at age 50. The most extensively used noninvasive test for CRC screening is the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which has an overall sensitivity for CRC of approximately 61.0%-91.0%, which drops to 27.0%-67.0% for advanced adenomas. These figures contain a high false-positive rate and a low positive predictive value. This work aimed to develop a new, noninvasive CRC screening tool based on fecal bacterial markers capable of decreasing FIT false-positive rates in a FIT-positive population. We defined a fecal bacterial signature (RAID-CRC Screen) in a proof-of-concept with 172 FIT-positive individuals and validated the obtained results on an external cohort of 327 FIT-positive subjects. All study participants had joined the national CRC screening program. In the clinical validation of RAID-CRC Screen, a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 16.3% were obtained for the detection of advanced neoplasm lesions (advanced adenomas and/or CRC). FIT 20 μg/g produced 184 false-positive results. Using RAID-CRC Screen, this value was reduced to 154, thus reducing the false-positive rate by 16.3%. The RAID-CRC Screen test could be implemented in CRC screening programs to allow a significant reduction in the number of colonoscopies performed unnecessarily for FIT-positive participants of CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malagón
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Amoedo
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bahí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
| | | | - Manel Ramirez
- Laboratori Clínic Territorial de Girona (LCTG), Salt, Spain
| | | | - Pau Gilabert
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Joan Saló
- Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Virginia Piñol
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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Zhou Z, Ge S, Li Y, Ma W, Liu Y, Hu S, Zhang R, Ma Y, Du K, Syed A, Chen P. Human Gut Microbiome-Based Knowledgebase as a Biomarker Screening Tool to Improve the Predicted Probability for Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596027. [PMID: 33329482 PMCID: PMC7717945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common clinical malignancy globally ranked as the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. Some microbes are known to contribute to adenoma-carcinoma transition and possess diagnostic potential. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology and functional studies have provided significant insights into the landscape of the gut microbiome and the fundamental roles of its components in carcinogenesis. Integration of scattered knowledge is highly beneficial for future progress. In this study, literature review and information extraction were performed, with the aim of integrating the available data resources and facilitating comparative research. A knowledgebase of the human CRC microbiome was compiled to facilitate understanding of diagnosis, and the global signatures of CRC microbes, sample types, algorithms, differential microorganisms and various panels of markers plus their diagnostic performance were evaluated based on statistical and phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, prospects about current changelings and solution strategies were outlined for identifying future research directions. This type of data integration strategy presents an effective platform for inquiry and comparison of relevant information, providing a tool for further study about CRC-related microbes and exploration of factors promoting clinical transformation (available at: http://gsbios.com/index/experimental/dts_ mben?id=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Ge
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wantong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shujian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rentao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kangjia Du
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Lopez-Siles M, Aldeguer X, Sabat-Mir M, Serra-Pagès M, Duncan SH, Flint HJ, Garcia-Gil LJ, Martinez-Medina M. Evaluation of bacterial biomarkers to aid in challenging inflammatory bowel diseases diagnostics and subtype classification. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2020; 11:64-77. [PMID: 32435523 PMCID: PMC7226914 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v11.i3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenges for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnostics are to discriminate it from gut conditions with similar symptoms such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), to distinguish IBD subtypes, to predict disease progression, and to establish the risk to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). Alterations in gut microbiota have been proposed as a source of information to assist in IBD diagnostics. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), its phylogroups, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) have been reported as potential biomarkers, but their performance in challenging IBD diagnostic situations remains elusive. We hypothesize that bacterial biomarkers based in these species may help to discriminate these conditions of complex diagnostics.
AIM To evaluate the usefulness of indices calculated from the quantification of these species as biomarkers to aid in IBD diagnostics.
METHODS A retrospective study of 131 subjects (31 controls (H); 45 Crohn’s disease (CD), 25 ulcerative colitis (UC), 10 IBS, and 20 CRC patients) was performed to assess the usefulness of bacterial biomarkers in biopsies. Further, the performance of biomarkers in faeces was studied in 29 stool samples (19 CD, 10 UC). Relative abundances of total F. prausnitzii (FP), its phylogroups (PHGI and PHGII), and E. coli (E) quantification were determined by qPCR. Loads were combined to calculate the FP-E index, the PHGI–E index and the PHGII-E index. Biomarkers accuracy to discriminate among conditions was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
RESULTS In biopsies, FP-E index was good for discriminating IBS from CD (AUC = 0.752) while PHGII-E index was suitable for discriminating IBS from UC (AUC = 0.632). The FP-E index would be the choice to discriminate IBD from CRC, especially from all UC subtypes (AUC ≥ 0.875), regardless of the activity status of the patient. Discrimination between UC patients that had the longest disease duration and those with CRC featured slightly lower AUC values. Concerning differentiation in IBD with shared location, PHGI-E index can establish progression from proctitis and left-sided colitis to ulcerative pancolitis (AUC ≥ 0.800). PHG I-E index analysis in tissue would be the choice to discriminate within IBD subtypes of shared location (AUC ≥ 0.712), while in non-invasive faecal samples FP or PHGI could be good indicators (AUC ≥ 0.833).
CONCLUSION F. prausnitzii phylogroups combined with E. coli offer potential to discriminate between IBD and CRC patients and can assist in IBD subtypes classification, which may help in solving IBD diagnostics challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Lopez-Siles
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Miriam Sabat-Mir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Caterina, Salt 17190, Spain
| | | | - Sylvia H Duncan
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Harry J Flint
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - L Jesús Garcia-Gil
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
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