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Idowu MD, Pech-Cervantes AA, Taiwo G, Eichie F, Ogunade IM, Estrada-Reyes ZM, Terrill TH. Effects of dietary supplementation of peanut skins (Arachis hypogaea) on performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of cattle: a meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:385. [PMID: 37906370 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the effects of dietary inclusion of peanut skins (PS) byproduct (Arachis hypogea L.) on intake, total-tract digestibility, and rumen fermentation of cattle via meta-analysis. Data were collected following the PRISMA methodology. Nine manuscripts and a graduate thesis met the inclusion criteria from 1983 to 2010. The effect size was estimated by calculating the weighted raw mean differences (RMD) between PS vs. control diets. The RMD was compared with a robust variance estimation method followed by a meta-regression and a dose-response analysis fitting the diet characteristics like crude protein content (CP), NDF content, ether extract content (EE), tannin content, and PS level in diet (0 to 40%) as covariates. Dietary PS decreased (P < 0.01) total-tract CP digestibility (52.0 vs. 64.3%), final body weight (371.5 vs. 397.9 kg), and average daily gain (1.14 vs. 1.44 kg/day) among treatment comparisons. Likewise, PS decreased total VFA (92.6 vs. 107.6 mmol/L) and NH3-N (8.22 vs. 12.1 mg/dL), but no effects were observed on rumen pH (6.47 vs. 6.14) and VFA molar proportions. Despite the between-cluster variance, dietary PS increased the ether extract digestibility (77.5 vs. 70.2%) among treatment comparisons. The subset and dose-response analysis revealed that PS should not exceed 8% (DM basis) in the diet to prevent negative effects on CP digestibility and animal performance. In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis do not support the dietary inclusion of PS in cattle diets beyond 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Idowu
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Andres A Pech-Cervantes
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 31030, USA.
| | - G Taiwo
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - F Eichie
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Ibukun M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Z M Estrada-Reyes
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Thomas H Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
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The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021; 2021:5510063. [PMID: 34776791 PMCID: PMC8589499 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Methane emissions from agriculture are responsible for over 40% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In the past, antibiotics were used to control methane production by animals, but concerns over the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans have prompted a search for alternative approaches. Hops are the flowers of the hop plant Humulus lupulus. They have been used to feed cattle for many years and are known to contain antibacterial compounds, and their extracts have been shown to kill members of the Mycobacterium spp including Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis as well as a number of human pathogens. In this study, hop extracts were studied for their ability to inhibit methane production from Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, a major methane-producing archaeon found in the rumen of cattle. Methods Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1T (DSM 1093) was grown at 37°C for 30 days, and the amount of methane produced at different time points during this period was measured using gas chromatography. The archaeon was exposed to commercial hop extracts (tetra-hydro-iso-alpha acid and beta acid) and to aqueous hop extracts of a range of hop variants, and their effect on methane production was determined. Results All of the extracts reduced the level of methane production of M. ruminantium over the 30-day period compared to the negative control (sterile distilled water). The commercial hop extracts were the most effective at inhibiting methane production over the course of the experiment in contrast to the aqueous extracts, which showed a gradual reduction of inhibition with time. Conclusions Hops contain compounds which inhibit methane production. Given that hops can be safely fed to cattle, this raises the possibility of rationally designing a feed strategy which could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect against bovine tuberculosis. This study recommends that further research be undertaken to further identifying bioactive components from hops and their efficacy against a range of archaea.
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Liu C, Asano S, Ogata H, Ito S, Nakase T, Takeda S, Miyoshi K, Numata Y, Takahashi K, Kajikawa H. Digestive, fermentative, and physical properties of pineapple residue as a feed for cattle. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13535. [PMID: 33682299 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation properties; the antioxidative activity; and the physical effectiveness of pineapple residue (PR) from the cut-fruit industry as a feed for cattle were investigated. Four nonlactating Holstein cows were fed a basal diet and diets with 1.4- and 3.6-kg dry matter (DM)/day of PR (low-PR and high-PR diets, respectively). The DM digestibility and total digestible nutrients were 71% and 70%, respectively. Ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-N did not differ among the diets. The numbers of total viable, amylolytic, cellulolytic, and methanogenic bacteria and protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen also did not differ significantly. Blood triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acids, urea nitrogen, and aspartate transaminase were lower in the high-PR diet. Feeding PR did not affect blood malondialdehyde, although PR has a higher antioxidative value than other commonly used feeds. The particle distribution of PR satisfied the recommended range for haylage. The chewing time for ingestion and rumination did not change with PR content, and the roughage value index of PR was 57-min/kg DM. These results suggest that PR has good intake and digestion properties and satisfactory physical effectiveness. Even a high-PR-content feed unlikely induces the risk of ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sanae Asano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hikonosuke Ogata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakase
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sui Takeda
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kyougo Miyoshi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Youichi Numata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kajikawa
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Sato Y, Nakanishi T, Wang L, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of wine lees as feeds for ruminants: Effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and antioxidant status. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ryel Min B, McTear K, Wang HH, Joakin M, Gurung N, Abrahamsen F, Solaiman S, Sue Eun J, Hon Lee J, Dietz LA, Zeller WE. Influence of elevated protein and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and immune-related gene expression of grazing meat goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:88-100. [PMID: 31724236 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty-six Kiko-crossbreed male goats at approximately 6 months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6 ± 1.1 kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51 days. Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune-related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS-pellet-supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p < .001) when compared to control-supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p < .05) than control diet. Animals on PS-pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p < .05) when compared to ALM-pellet control, with RUP by PS-pellet interactions (p < .01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p < .05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS-pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p < .05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p = .07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS-pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng Ryel Min
- Conservation and Production Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Bushland, Texas.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Kristie McTear
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Hong Hae Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Morris Joakin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Nar Gurung
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Frank Abrahamsen
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Sandra Solaiman
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Jung Sue Eun
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ Cheil Jedang, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hon Lee
- College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia
| | - Lucas A Dietz
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA/ARS, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wayne E Zeller
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA/ARS, Madison, Wisconsin
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Asano S, Aoki K, Kaizuka Y, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe K, Kato C, Saito C, Nishimura S, Kato T, Takagi M, Kajikawa H. In situ ruminal degradation and in vitro fermentation characteristics, and antioxidative activities of the lotus rhizome. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1453-1459. [PMID: 31486172 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the lotus rhizome as a potential ruminant feed by investigating its compositional properties, in situ degradation profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics with ruminal microbes, in comparison with cereal grains (corn, barley and wheat). The antioxidative activities in the lotus rhizome were also estimated. The soluble fraction of dry matter in lotus tuber was >70%, which was higher than those in the grains. The insoluble fraction in lotus tuber was not degraded by ruminal microbes in accord with a first-order reaction. In an in vitro experiment, lotus tuber showed lower fermentation at 8 hr compared to the grains, but exhibited higher productions of gas and VFA at 48 hr along with a lower lactate and higher pH. The lower value of final lactate production in lotus tuber, indicating the metabolic capacity for lactate utilization retained, suggests a lower risk of ruminal acidosis compared to grains. Lotus rhizome had high antioxidant activities, with the foliar bud showing the strongest ferric reducing antioxidant power, followed in order by the apical bud, node, residual tuber, edible tuber, and nodal root. For ruminants, the lotus rhizome could thus be not only an energy feed but also the source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Asano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuna Kaizuka
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuhi Kobayashi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kato
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Saito
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Kato
- Ibaraki Prefecture Mito Agricultural Extension Center, Mito, Japan
| | - Motonori Takagi
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajikawa
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Toomer OT. A comprehensive review of the value-added uses of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) skins and by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:341-350. [PMID: 30596253 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1538101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, peanut seeds are grown for oil production, peanut butter, confections, snacks and protein extenders, leaving the peanut by-products (skins, peanut hulls) as waste for disposal. Numerous studies have identified the value added attributes of peanut skins and/or peanut skin extracts as an antioxidant, functional food ingredient, animal production feed ingredient, and antimicrobial agent. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of the food and non-food uses of peanut skins and/or extracts, and new uses of this significant agricultural waste product produced in the peanut industry. An improved comprehensive knowledge and better understanding of the value added uses of peanut skins enables us to better define future food and non-food uses of this agricultural by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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