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Kokić B, Rakita S, Vujetić J. Impact of Using Oilseed Industry Byproducts Rich in Linoleic and Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Ruminant Nutrition on Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:539. [PMID: 38396507 PMCID: PMC10886360 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk contains more than 400 different fatty acids, some of which play a positive role in promoting human health. The profile of fatty acids in milk can be enhanced by providing animals with plant-based resources that possess feeding characteristics adequate for favorable changes in the fatty acid composition and increasing healthy fatty acids in milk. This review summarizes the available 41 research studies on the utilization of oilseed industry byproducts rich in linoleic acid (hemp, pumpkin, sunflower) and alpha-linolenic acid (camelina and linseed) in dairy cow, sheep, and goat nutrition; their impact on milk production characteristics; and potential to improve fatty acid composition of milk through the diet. This review illustrates that incorporating byproducts into the diet for dairy ruminants generally does not have any adverse effects on both milk production and composition. A similar trend of improvement in milk fatty acid profile was observed when ruminants were fed diets supplemented with camelina, linseed, and sunflower byproducts, while no significant changes were noted with pumpkin byproducts. Hempseed byproducts showed potential for use as an alternative ingredient in dairy ruminant diets. Nevertheless, more in-depth research investigating the inclusion of selected byproducts is required before valid conclusions can be drawn regarding their value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Kokić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.R.); (J.V.)
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Effects of palm kernel cake on nutrient utilization and performance of grazing and confined cattle: a meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:110. [PMID: 36917341 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary palm kernel cake inclusion (PKCInclusion) on the nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on the performance of cattle under grazing and confined systems. Additionally, potential maximum safe levels (MSL) for PKCInclusion were explored for cattle under those systems using a broken-line approach. Overall, 22 studies for 85 treatment means and 747 experimental units were included in the dataset used for the meta-analysis in which, quantitative responses to increasing PKCInclusion levels were fitted using a mixed model, considering the study as a random effect. Additionally, all studies tested a treatment without the inclusion of PKC (PKCInclusion = 0 g/kg DM) in the concentrate and total mixed ration fed to grazing and confined animals, respectively. In grazing animals, intake, and digestibility of dry matter (DM), as well as intake of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and digestibility of crude protein (CP) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as PKCInclusion increased. Conversely, the intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly (P < 0.01). Additionally, the intake of CP showed a quadratic decreasing pattern (P < 0.01) with the increase in dietary PKCInclusion. In confined animals, intake of DM, CP, NDF, and TDN revealed quadratic patterns (P < 0.01) as PKCInclusion increased. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, as well as TDN concentration showed a linear decreasing pattern (P < 0.05) as PKCInclusion increased. For performance, data revealed that average daily gain (ADG) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in grazing and confined animals with the increase in PKCInclusion. Feed efficiency (FE) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in grazing animals, whereas it showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in confined animals. Exploration of the quadratic relationships of intake of DM, CP, NDF, and TDN with PKCInclusion in confined animals revealed MSL values for PKC ranging from 85.56 ± 14.2 to 126.4 ± 14.7 g PKC/kg DM. In grazing animals, exploration of the quadratic relationship of intake of CP with PKCInclusion, revealed an MSL value of 96.23 ± 9.01 g PKC/kg DM. In conclusion, data revealed that the use of PKC in both confined and grazing systems reduces the nutrient utilization and performance of cattle in a dose-dependent manner without a maximum safe level that does not reduce animal performance.
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Brito TRR, Valeriano HHC, Ítavo LCV, Duarte MT, Pereira MWF, Corrêa SM, Miyagusku L, de Araújo TLAC, Ítavo CCBF, Gomes RDC, Gomes MDNB. Effect of including oilseed grains in bovine diets on fatty acid profile, lipid stability, and sensory aspects of burgers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923937. [PMID: 35937304 PMCID: PMC9351593 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of including different oilseed grains in the diets of cattle on the qualitative and sensory characteristics and fatty acid profile of burger over a storage period of up to 120 days. The soybean diet increased 30% of ether extract in burgers when compared to the control diet. The inclusion of oilseeds in the bovine diet did not change the n-6/n-3 and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, as well as the cholesterol levels in the burgers. The smallest flavor and aroma note scores were attributed to burgers produced with meat of bovine fed with cottonseed (4.35 and 4.67, respectively). The sunflower diet resulted in smaller lipid oxidation (1.03 mg/kg). The storage period increased lipid oxidation (0.43 and 1.97 mg/kg of malonaldehyde at 0 and 120 days, respectively). The inclusion of oilseeds in the diet of cattle does not change the ratios of fatty acids in burgers, which are important to human health. It is recommended to use soybean and sunflower grains in cattle diets to improve the sensory quality of burgers. A 30-day storage period is recommended to maintain the flavor and juiciness of beef burgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Rayane Rios Brito
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Toledo Duarte
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marília Williani Filgueira Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marília Williani Filgueira Pereira
| | - Samara Miyaki Corrêa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luciana Miyagusku
- Department of Food Technology and Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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MIYAKI S, VINHAS ÍTAVO LC, TOLEDO DUARTE M, COSTA VALERIANO HH, FILGUEIRA PEREIRA MW, ALVES CAMPOS DE ARAÚJO TL, BRANDÃO FERREIRA ÍTAVO CC, COSTA GOMES RD, NADAI BONIN MD. The effect of dietary oilseeds on physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and sensory aspects of meat of young zebu cattle. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Santos GCDL, Gonzaga Neto S, Bezerra LR, de Medeiros AN, de Carvalho FFR, de Oliveira JS. Intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, milk production, and composition of cows fed with diets containing oilseed cakes: A meta-analysis. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13758. [PMID: 35932203 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed cakes can partially replace corn or soy used in the diet without losing animal performance. The objective was to carry out a meta-analysis and principal component analysis to evaluate the effects of cakes on the intake and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) and milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. The data set used in the meta-analysis came from 51 studies published between 2009 and 2019, which resulted in 119 studies with 18 types of cakes evaluated in 1350 cows. Cows fed with cakes increased dry matter intake (DMI) by 0.366 kg d-1 (P < 0.001) and DMI as a function of the animal's body weight by 0.103% (P < 0.0001) compared with the diet without cake. The milk protein content decreased by 0.050% (P < 0.010). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (26%-%) and ether extract (EE) (3%-7%) of the cake diets did not affect ADCDM. Cakes with contents between 10% and 30% can replace corn or soy in the diet without affecting milk production, components (fat, protein, and lactose), and contents (fat and lactose), but it can reduce the milk protein content of milk.
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Palm oil cake in milk production and quality of dairy cows: Systematic review, meta-analysis and principal component analysis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot goats. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Use of Cold-Pressed Sunflower Cake in the Concentrate as a Low-Input Local Strategy to Modify the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100803. [PMID: 31615141 PMCID: PMC6826975 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumers demand healthier dairy products. Supplementing plant lipids, rich in poliunsaturated fatty acids, results in improved milk fatty acid profile, but these oils could enter into competition with human food needs and compromise animal performance. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of formulating cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC, high-fat by-product) in a dairy cows’ concentrate to improve milk fatty acid profile. Cold-pressed sunflower cake increased total trans-mono unsaturated fatty acids (21%), total conjugated linoleic acid (31%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio (18%), but did not affect milk production, digestibility, intake, and milk composition. However, reduced fat yield (9%) and fat corrected milk (7%) were observed. Feeding CPSC improved overall acceptability of milk by improving flavor. In conclusion, CPSC could modify milk FA profile without observing a detrimental effect on digestibility, production performance, or milk acceptance. Adopting feeding systems based on the use of cheaper and local alternative feedstuffs rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids would represent a good strategy to change milk fatty acid profile and contribute the promotion of low-input production systems. Abstract Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC) is a cheap by-product of oil-manufacturing. Supplementing diets with CPSC, rich in fat and linoleic acid, could be an effective tool for increasing healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk. To test this hypothesis, 10 cows were used in a crossover design with two experimental diets fed during two 63-day periods. Cows’ milk production was recorded and samples were taken for fat, protein, lactose, and for FA composition analysis. Dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD) were estimated using two markers. Milk acceptance test was carried out. CPSC decreased milk C12:0 (10%, p = 0.023) and C16:0 (5%, p = 0.035) and increased C18:1 cis-12 (37%, p = 0.006), C18:1 trans-11 (32%, p = 0.005), C18:2 cis-9 cis-12 (13%, p = 0.004), and cis-9 trans-11 CLA (35%, p = 0.004). CPSC increased total trans-monounsaturated FA (21%, p = 0.003), total CLA (31%, p = 0.007), and PUFA:SFA ratio (18%, p = 0.006). CPSC did not affect milk production, DMD, DMI and milk composition, but reduced fat yield (9%, p = 0.013) and FCM (7%, p = 0.013). CPSC improved milk overall acceptability. In conclusion, CPSC could modify milk FA profile without a detrimental effect on digestibility, production performance, or milk acceptance.
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Costa JB, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Barbosa AM, Borja MS, de Pellegrini CB, Oliveira VDS, Ribeiro RDX, Bezerra LR. Fatty acid, physicochemical composition and sensory attributes of meat from lambs fed diets containing licuri cake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206863. [PMID: 30444881 PMCID: PMC6239286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding licuri cake to lambs on the sensory characteristics, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from lambs. Forty-four crossbred Santa Ines lambs (21.2 ± 2.70 kg body weight; 6 months old) were housed in individual pens and fed 4 experimental diets, containing 0, 8, 16 or 24% licuri cake (DM basis). The averages concentrations of ash (11.4), pH (5.82), lightness (38.1), cooking loss (26.8) or shear-force resistance (2.48) of lamb meat were not affected by the licuri cake diets. However, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) of redness and chroma indexes, lipid and protein contents, whereas the moisture content of the meat (P < 0.001) increased linearly due to the inclusion of licuri cake in lambs’ diets. The licuri cake inclusion in the lambs feed linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acids concentrations of C12:0, C17:0, C20:0, C20:1, C18:3, C20:3, C20:4 and ΣPUFA/ΣMUFA ratio, Σω–3 and atherogenicity index (AI). However, C18:1 cis, C20:2, C20:5, ΣMUFA, ΣMUFA/ΣSFA and Σω–6:Σω–3 ratios in the longissimus lumborum of lambs linearly decreased by licuri cake inclusion. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) on C14:0 (maximum point 4.94 g/100 g FAME to 14.5% licuri inclusion), C16:1 (maximum point 8.59 g/100 g FAME to 10.7% licuri inclusion) and enzymatic activities of Δ9-desaturase C16 (maximum point 27.5 g/100 g FAME to 10.6% licuri inclusion) in the longissimus lumborum of lambs fed due to increased concentrations of licuri cake. However, there was a quadratic decrease (P = 0.04) in ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio with minimum concentration of 0.63 g/100 g FAME to 11.1% inclusion. The inclusion of licuri cake in the lambs diet did not change (P > 0.05) the concentrations of SFA C10:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C14:1, MUFA C18:1 trans, PUFA C18:2 cis, CLA, total sum of ΣSFA and ΣPUFA, desirable fatty acids (DFA), hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolemic index, and elongase and Δ9-desaturase C18 enzymes. Licuri cake in the lamb diet improved (P < 0.05) meat aroma, flavor and overall acceptance by consumers. Licuri cake inclusion in the diet of lambs improves sensory attributes of meat and the meat fatty acid profile becomes nutritionally healthier for the human diet because do not affect major FA of meat; however, the growth performance of finishing lambs is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonival Barreto Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Thadeu Mariniello Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Máikal Souza Borja
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Vinicius da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, Bom Jesus, Piaui, Brazil
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Ferreira AC, Vieira JF, Barbosa AM, Silva TM, Bezerra LR, Nascimento NG, de Freitas JE, Jaeger SMPL, Oliveira PDA, Oliveira RL. Effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cake on the performance, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and ingestive behavior in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2017; 11:1957-1965. [PMID: 28462743 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111700074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Licuri (Syagrus coronate) cake is a biodiesel by-product used in ruminant feed as a beneficial energy source for supplementation in managed pastures. The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, ingestive behavior and diet profitability of eight crossbred Holstein (3/4)×Gyr (5/8) multiparous cows (480±25 kg BW and 100 days milking) grazing and supplemented with licuri cake partially replacing ground corn and soybean meal in concentrate (0, 200, 400 and 600 g/kg in dry matter (DM)), distributed in an experimental duplicated 4×4 Latin square design. Licuri cake partially replacing ground corn and soybean meal increased (P<0.01) the intake and digestibility of ether extract and decreased the non-fiber carbohydrates; however, there were no influences on the intakes of DM, CP, NDF and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The digestibilities of DM, CP and NDF were not influenced by licuri cake addition. There was a decrease trend on TDN digestibility (P=0.08). Licuri cake replacing ground corn and soybean meal in concentrate did not affect the intake; fecal, urinary and mammary excretions; N balance; and triglycerides concentrations. However, the blood urea nitrogen (P=0.04) concentration decreased with the licuri cakes inclusion in cow supplementation. There was an increasing trend for serum creatinine (P=0.07). Licuri cake inclusion did not affect body condition score, production, yield, protein, lactose, total solids and solid non-fat contents of milk and Minas frescal cheese. There was a linear decrease in average daily weight gain (g/day). The milk fat concentration and cheese fat production (P<0.1) presented a linear increase with partial replacement of ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cakes. The addition of licuri cake did not alter the time spent feeding, ruminating or idling. There was an increasing trend in NDF feeding efficiency (P=0.09). The replacing of ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cake up to 600 g/kg decreased the concentrate cost by US$0.45/cow per day. Licuri cake replacing corn and soybeans (400 g/kg) in concentrate promoted a profit of US$0.07/animal per day. Licuri cake is indicated to concentrate the supplementation of dairy cows with average productions of 10 kg/day at levels up to 400 g/kg in the concentrate supplement because it provides an additional profit of US$0.07/animal per day and increased milk and Minas frescal cheese fat without negative effects on productive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ferreira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - J F Vieira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - A M Barbosa
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - T M Silva
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- 2Department of Animal Science,Federal University of Piaui,Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana,km 135,Bom Jesus,Piaui 64900000,Brazil
| | - N G Nascimento
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - J E de Freitas
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - S M P L Jaeger
- 3Department of Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo,Cruz das Almas,Bahia 44380000,Brazil
| | - P de A Oliveira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
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