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Augustin MA, Chen JY, Ye JH. Processing to improve the sustainability of chickpea as a functional food ingredient. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38619292 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chickpea is a field crop that is playing an emerging role in the provision of healthy and sustainable plant-based value-added ingredients for the food and nutraceutical industries. This article reviews the characteristics of chickpea (composition, health properties, and techno-functionality) and chickpea grain that influence their use as whole foods or ingredients in formulated food. It covers the exploitation of traditional and emerging processes for the conversion of chickpea into value-added differentiated food ingredients. The influence of processing on the composition, health-promoting properties, and techno-functionality of chickpea is discussed. Opportunities to tailor chickpea ingredients to facilitate their incorporation in traditional food applications and in the expanding plant-based meat alternative and dairy alternative markets are highlighted. The review includes an assessment of the possible uses of by-products of chickpea processing. Recommendations are provided for future research to build a sustainable industry using chickpea as a value-added ingredient. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chakraborty M, Budhwar S, Kumar S. Potential of milling byproducts for the formulation of health drink and detox tea-substitute. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9084259 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manali Chakraborty
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
| | - Savita Budhwar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
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Chakraborty M, Budhwar S, Kumar S. Development of fermented products with enriched fiber and micronutrients by using underutilized cereal-legume milling by-products as novel food ingredients. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang J, Li Y, Li A, Liu RH, Gao X, Li D, Kou X, Xue Z. Nutritional constituent and health benefits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A review. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110790. [PMID: 34865805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual plant of the Fabaceae family, is mainly grown in temperate and semiarid regions. Its biological activity and beneficial contribution to human health have been scientifically confirmed as an essential source of nutritional components. The objective of this review was to summarize and update latest available scientific data and information, on bioactive components in chickpea, bio-activities, and molecular mechanisms, which has mainly focused on the detection of relevant biochemical indicators, the regulation of signaling pathways, essential genes and proteins. The studies have shown that chickpea have significant multifunctional activities, which are closely related to the functionally active small molecule peptides and phytochemicals of chickpea. Significantly, numerous studies have only addressed the functional activity and mechanisms of single active components of chickpea, however, overlooking the synergy and antagonism between chickpea components, changes of functional active components in different processing methods, as well as the active form of the substances after human digestion and metabolism. Additionally, due to limitations in research methods and techniques, the structure of most functional active substances have not been determined, which makes it difficult to conduct interaction mechanism studies. Consequently, the significant bio-activity of the functional components of chickpea, synergistic and antagonistic effects and activity differences between bioactive components should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Yonghui Li
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China.
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
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Partitioning of nutritional and bioactive compounds between the kernel, hull and husk of five new chickpea genotypes grown in Australia. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kodithuwakku KAHT, Owada H, Miura H, Maruyama D, Hirano K, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Koike S. Effects of oral administration of timothy hay and psyllium on the growth performance and fecal microbiota of preweaning calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12472-12485. [PMID: 34538491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of fiber from the first week of life on the growth and hindgut environment of preweaning calves. Twenty newborn female Holstein calves were divided into 2 groups as control and treatment. Calves in both groups were reared under the same feeding program except for oral fiber administration. Timothy hay and psyllium were mixed at a 50-to-6 ratio as a treatment diet for oral fiber administration. Calves in the treatment group were orally administered 50 g of fiber daily from 3 to 7 d of age and 100 g of fiber from 8 d of age until weaning. Feed intake and occurrence of diarrhea were recorded daily, and body weight (BW) was recorded weekly for the individual calf. Fresh feces were collected from calves at 7, 21, 35, 49, and 56 d of age to analyze fermentation parameters and microbiota to characterize the hindgut environment. Higher fiber intake in the treatment group due to oral administration of timothy and psyllium did not affect the starter intake and achieved higher BW at 21 d of age. The fecal pH, total volatile fatty acid, lactate, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were not affected by oral fiber administration; meanwhile, the molar proportion of propionate was higher in the treatment group at 7 d of age. The difference in fecal microbiota in the calves subjected to the oral administration of fiber was observed within 21 d of life; Lactobacillus spp. and Prevotella spp. showed higher abundance, whereas that of Clostridium perfringens was decreased. These higher abundances of beneficial bacteria and lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria during early life may partly explain the higher BW of calves in the treatment group at 21 d of age. Furthermore, no adverse effect was observed for the BW and health status in the treatment group throughout the preweaning period. Therefore, early fiber feeding via oral administration potentially contributes to improving the hindgut environment in newborn calves, which leads to better growth of calves during the early stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Owada
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, ZEN-NOH, Kasama 319-0205, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - D Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - K Hirano
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, ZEN-NOH, Kasama 319-0205, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - S Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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Interference of dietary polyphenols with potentially toxic amino acid metabolites derived from the colonic microbiota. Amino Acids 2021; 54:311-324. [PMID: 34235577 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each day, varying amounts of undigested or partially digested proteins reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota, resulting in the formation of compounds such as ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, phenol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In farm animals, the excessive production of these metabolites can affect the quality of meat and milk and is a source of contaminating emissions from animal manure. In humans, their accumulation is potentially harmful, and it has been proposed that they could be involved in the development of pathologies such as colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis, among others. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of dietary polyphenols to reduce the production of these metabolites. Most studies have used condensed (proanthocyanidins) or hydrolyzable (ellagitannins and gallotannins) tannins, and have been carried out in farm animals. Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor. Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions. Few studies were carried out in rats and humans and their results confirm, to a lesser extent, those reported in farm animals. These effects would be due to the capacity of tannins to trap ammonia and H2S, and to modify the composition of the microbiota, reducing the bacterial populations producing metabolites. In addition, PACs prevent p-cresol and H2S-induced alterations on intestinal cells in vitro. Tannins, therefore, appear as an interesting tool for improving the quality of animal products, human health, and the harmful emissions associated with breeding.
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Galán MG, Cian RE, Albarracín M, López-Oliva Muñoz ME, Weisstaub A, Zuleta A, Drago SR. Refined sorghum flours precooked by extrusion enhance the integrity of the colonic mucosa barrier and promote a hepatic antioxidant environment in growing Wistar rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:7638-7650. [PMID: 32966464 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of precooked-refined sorghum flour consumption on antioxidant status, lipid profile, and colonic and bone health were evaluated. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed with control diet (C), or red or white precooked-refined sorghum based diets (SD) for 60 days. The intake of SD was lower than that of C, but the efficiency of all diets was similar. Rats fed with SD showed lower feces excretion, cecal pH and enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and mucinase) than C. White SD improved intestinal architecture, cell proliferation and apoptosis, upregulated ZO1 and occludin tight junction proteins and stimulated goblet cell differentiation, enhancing the integrity of the mucosa barrier in both proximal and distal colonic mucosa in a better way than red SD. Consumption of SD significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with the C diet. The mineral content of the right femur was not different among diets. The liver enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) did not show differences among diets. Liver reducing power and reduced glutathione/oxidize glutathione ratio were higher for animals consuming SD than C. It can be concluded that the consumption of precooked refined sorghum flours still has beneficial effects for health, mainly at the colonic level, despite the lower phenolics and fibre contents of refined flours with respect to whole grain flours.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gimena Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Raúl Esteban Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Albarracín
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | | | - Adriana Weisstaub
- Departamento de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, (UBA), Junín 956, CABA, Argentina
| | - Angela Zuleta
- Departamento de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, (UBA), Junín 956, CABA, Argentina
| | - Silvina Rosa Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Yao ZD, Cao YN, Peng LX, Yan ZY, Zhao G. Coarse Cereals and Legume Grains Exert Beneficial Effects through Their Interaction with Gut Microbiota: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:861-877. [PMID: 33264009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coarse cereals and legume grains (CCLGs) are rich in specific macro- and functional elements that are considered important dietary components for maintaining human health. Therefore, determining the precise nutritional mechanism involved in exerting the health benefits of CCLGs can help understand dietary nutrition in a better manner. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the function of CCLGs via their complicated interplay with CCLGs. First, CCLGs modulate gut microbiota and function. Second, gut microbiota convert CCLGs into compounds that perform different functions. Third, gut microbiota mediate interactions among different CCLG components. Therefore, using gut microbiota to expound the nutritional mechanism of CCLGs is important for future studies. A precise and rapid gut microbiota research model is required to screen and evaluate the quality of CCLGs. The outcomes of such research may promote the rapid discovery, classification, and evaluation of CCLG resources, thereby opening a new opportunity to guide nutrition-based development of CCLG products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Yun Yan
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, People's Republic of China
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Miura H, Mukai K, Sudo K, Haga S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Koike S. Effect of trehalose supplementation in milk replacer on the incidence of diarrhea and fecal microbiota in preweaned calves. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab012. [PMID: 33528019 PMCID: PMC7850110 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide consisting of d-glucose with α,α-1,1 linkage, was evaluated as a functional material to improve the gut environment in preweaned calves. In experiment 1, 173 calves were divided into two groups; the trehalose group was fed trehalose at 30 g/animal/d with milk replacer during the suckling period, and the control group was fed nonsupplemented milk replacer. Medication frequency was lower in the trehalose group (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, calves (n = 20) were divided into two groups (control group [n = 10] and trehalose group [n = 10]) based on their body weight and reared under the same feeding regimens as in experiment 1. Fresh feces were collected from individual animals at the beginning of the trial (average age 11 d), 3 wk after trehalose feeding (experimental day 22), and 1 d before weaning, and the fecal score was recorded daily. Fecal samples were analyzed for fermentation parameters and microbiota. The fecal score was significantly lower in the trehalose group than in the control group in the early stage (at an age of 14 to 18 d; P < 0.05) of the suckling period. Calves fed trehalose tended to have a higher proportion of fecal butyrate on day 22 than calves in the control group (P = 0.08). Population sizes of Clostridium spp. were significantly lower (P = 0.036), whereas those of Dialister spp. and Eubacterium spp. tended to be higher in the feces of calves in the trehalose group on day 22 (P = 0.060 and P = 0.083). These observations indicate that trehalose feeding modulated the gut environment and partially contributed to the reduction in medication frequency observed in experiment 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Haga
- Grazing Animal Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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12
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Liu C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. An investigation on the production and stability of chickpea bean sprout beverage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food SafetyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food SafetyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food SafetyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food SafetyJiangnan University Wuxi China
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Myint H, Kishi H, Iwahashi Y, Saburi W, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Functional modulation of caecal fermentation and microbiota in rat by feeding bean husk as a dietary fibre supplement. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:963-974. [PMID: 30208728 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A feeding study using rats was conducted to evaluate the utility of lablab bean husk and soya bean husk as sources of potential prebiotic fibre. Twenty 5-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and fed one of the following diets for 3 weeks: purified diet (AIN93 G) containing 5% cellulose (CEL), or the same diet in which cellulose was replaced by corn starch (STA), lablab bean husk (LBH), or soya bean husk (SBH). Rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks of age and caecal digesta were collected. Feed intake, body weight, anatomical parameters, and caecal ammonia level did not differ significantly among diets. Rats on LBH and SBH showed higher concentrations of caecal short-chain fatty acid and lactate than those on CEL. Rats on CEL, SBH, and LBH exhibited lower caecal indole and skatole levels. LBH yielded increased caecal abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Oscillibacter relatives, as demonstrated by either qPCR, MiSeq, or clone library analysis. SBH favoured the growth of lactobacilli as assessed by both qPCR and MiSeq, and favoured the growth of bifidobacteria as assessed by MiSeq. In comparison with STA, LBH and SBH yielded lower caecal abundance of bacteria related to Dorea massiliensis, as demonstrated by qPCR, MiSeq, and clone library analysis. Both types of bean husk were found to contain oligosaccharides that might selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. Based on these results, the two species of bean husk tested are considered potentially functional for promoting the gut health of monogastric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Myint
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Kishi
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Iwahashi
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - W Saburi
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Koike
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
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Myint H, Iwahashi Y, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Effect of soybean husk supplementation on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1730-1736. [PMID: 28568309 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fermentation and in vivo feeding experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of soybean (Glycine max) husk on the fecal fermentation metabolites and microbiota of dogs. An in vitro fermentation study using feces from three Toy Poodle dogs (6.5 ± 3.5 months in age and 2.9 ± 0.4 kg in body weight) revealed that the fecal inoculum was able to ferment soybean husk (supplemented at 0.01 g/mL culture) and increased levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and Bifidobacterium, irrespective of pre-digestion of the husk by pepsin and pancreatin. In a feeding experiment, four Shiba dogs (7-48 months in age and 7.5 ± 1.7 kg in body weight) fed a commercial diet supplemented with 5.6% soybean husk showed an increase in SCFA, such as acetate and butyrate, and lactate, and a decrease in indole and skatole in the feces compared to those fed a 5.6% cellulose diet. Real-time PCR assay showed that soybean husk supplementation stimulated the growth of lactobacilli, Clostridium cluster IV including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group but inhibited the growth of Clostridium cluster XI. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that soybean husk supplementation improves gastrointestinal health through optimization of beneficial organic acid production and increase of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, soybean husk is suggested to be applicable as a functional fiber in the formulation of canine diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htun Myint
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan
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Kobayashi Y, Oh S, Myint H, Koike S. Use of Asian selected agricultural byproducts to modulate rumen microbes and fermentation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:70. [PMID: 28018590 PMCID: PMC5159970 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last five decades, attempts have been made to improve rumen fermentation and host animal nutrition through modulation of rumen microbiota. The goals have been decreasing methane production, partially inhibiting protein degradation to avoid excess release of ammonia, and activation of fiber digestion. The main approach has been the use of dietary supplements. Since growth-promoting antibiotics were banned in European countries in 2006, safer alternatives including plant-derived materials have been explored. Plant oils, their component fatty acids, plant secondary metabolites and other compounds have been studied, and many originate or are abundantly available in Asia as agricultural byproducts. In this review, the potency of selected byproducts in inhibition of methane production and protein degradation, and in stimulation of fiber degradation was described in relation to their modes of action. In particular, cashew and ginkgo byproducts containing alkylphenols to mitigate methane emission and bean husks as a source of functional fiber to boost the number of fiber-degrading bacteria were highlighted. Other byproducts influencing rumen microbiota and fermentation profile were also described. Future application of these feed and additive candidates is very dependent on a sufficient, cost-effective supply and optimal usage in feeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kobayashi
- Lab of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Seongjin Oh
- Lab of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Htun Myint
- Lab of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Lab of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
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