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Wang S, Shao C, Zhao X, Guo Y, Song H, Shen L, Zhou Z, Li Z. Application of Three-Dimension Printing Nano-Carbonated-Hydroxylapatite to the Repair of Defects in Rabbit Bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1667-1681. [PMID: 38406604 PMCID: PMC10894707 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydroxylapatite (HAp) is a biodegradable bone graft material with high biocompatibility. However, the clinical application of HAp has been limited due to the poor absorption rate in vivo. Methods In this study, carbonated hydroxylapatite (CHAp) with a chemical composition similar to natural bone was synthesized. HAp and CHAp scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing. Each material was designed by two types of scaffold model with a maximum width of 8 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, ie, structure I (round shape) and structure II (grid shape). Then, the HAp scaffolds were loaded with lutein. These scaffolds were implanted into the 8 mm bone defect on the top of the rabbit skull within 3 hours in the morning. The curative effects of the scaffolds were assessed two months after implantation. Results The 3D printed scaffolds did not cause severe inflammation or rejection after implantation. It showed that the porous structures allow bone cells to enter into the scaffolds. Furthermore, CHAp scaffolds were more biocompatible than HAp scaffolds, and showed a higher level of degradation and new bone formation after implantation. Structure II scaffolds with a smaller mineral content degraded faster than structure I, while structure I had better osteoconductive properties than structure II. Besides, the addition of lutein significantly enhanced the rate of new bone formation. Discussion The uniqueness of this study lies in the synthesis of 3D printed CHAp scaffolds and the implantation of CHAp in rabbit bone defects. The incorporation of suitable carbonate and lutein into HAp can enhance the osteoinductivity of the graft, and CHAp has a faster degradation rate in vivo, all of which provide a new reference for the research and application of apatite-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingkai Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhe Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lida Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
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Meng L, Chen Y, Tang L, Sun X, Huo H, He Y, Huang Y, Shao Q, Pan S, Li Z. Effects of temperature-related changes on charred bone in soil: From P release to microbial community. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100221. [PMID: 38292865 PMCID: PMC10825478 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most common limited nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. Animal bones, with abundant bioapatite, are considerable P sources in terrestrial ecosystems. Heating significantly promotes P release from bone bioapatite, which may alleviate P limitation in soil. This study aimed to explore P release from charred bone (CB) under heating at various temperatures (based on common natural heating). It showed that heating at ∼300 °C significantly increased the P release (up to ∼30 mg/kg) from CB compared with other heating temperatures. Then, the subsequent changes of available P and pH induced evident alternation of soil microbial community composition. For instance, CB heated at ∼300 °C caused elevation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) abundance. This further stimulated P mobility in the soil. Meanwhile, the fungal community assembly process was shifted from stochastic to deterministic, whereas the bacterial community was relatively stable. This indicated that the bacterial community showed fewer sensitive responses to the CB addition. This study hence elucidated the significant contribution of heated bone materials on P supply. Moreover, functional fungi might assist CB treated by natural heating (e.g., fire) to construct P "Hot Spots".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Hongxun Huo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shang Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Seyedoshohadaei S, Torki M, Yaghoubfar A, Abdolmohammadi A. Interactions of dietary wheat cultivars and NSP-degrading enzyme on productive performance and egg quality traits. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2132-2143. [PMID: 37466043 PMCID: PMC10508479 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The nutritional value of enzyme-supplemented wheat-contained diets can be influenced by interactions between wheat cultivar and exogenous enzyme, which in turn cause various effects on the performance of poultry. AIMS The effects of diets including various wheat cultivars with or without enzyme on productive performance and egg quality characteristics were evaluated. METHODS A total of 270 58-week-old Lohmann LSL-Lite were allocated to 9 experimental dietary groups with 5 replicate cages and 6 birds per each cage. Based on a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatment, nine iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets, including four wheat cultivars (Sardari, Azar 2, Pishgam and Sirvan) with and without enzymes plus a corn-based control diet, were tested in a completely randomized design during an 8-week trial period. KEY RESULTS From weeks 58 to 63 and 63 to 67 of age, the hens fed with Sardari-included diet showed the lowest feed intake compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Egg production (EP), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg mass (EM) were not influenced by the experimental diets. At the age of 62 weeks, the effect of adding enzyme on egg shape index was significant. Moreover, in sampling week 67, increased eggshell weight (%) was detected in enzyme-supplemented diets compared to diets with no enzyme (10.03 vs. 9.37, respectively). Besides, the shell thickness was the highest in the group fed with Azar 2, and the lowest in the group fed with Sirvan at the age of 67 weeks (p < 0.05). Albumen weights (%) were also significant in some cases. The highest albumen weight was observed in Sirvan-included diet without enzyme on week 62. Reduced yolk weight was detected in enzyme-supplemented Pishgam-included diet on 62 weeks of age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of the diets of laying hens with the four tested Iranian wheat cultivars has no negative impact on most productive performance and egg quality indices. Moreover, supplementing the wheat-included diets with non-starch polysaccharidase enzyme (beta-endopower) improved eggshell weight on week 67.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Torki
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | - Akbar Yaghoubfar
- Animal Science Research Institute, Agriculture, Education and Extension OrganizationKarajIran
| | - Alireza Abdolmohammadi
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
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Li X, Wu X, Ma W, Xu H, Chen W, Zhao F. Feeding Behavior, Growth Performance and Meat Quality Profile in Broiler Chickens Fed Multiple Levels of Xylooligosaccharides. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2582. [PMID: 37627372 PMCID: PMC10451349 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly distributed to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Chickens were fed with corn-soybean meal diet supplementation with additions of 0, 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg XOS for 42 days. At 4 weeks of age, the average feeding time was reduced in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was increased in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). At 5 weeks of age, broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had increased the percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05), and 450 mg/kg XOS had increased the feeding frequency and percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05). At 6 weeks of age, the feeding frequency was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). During 4 to 6 weeks of age, the average feeding time was increased in 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), the frequency was improved in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was longer in the XOS group than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The average daily gain was improved during days 22-42 and days 1-42 in the 150 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). Broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had an increased eviscerated rate (p < 0.05). The pH45min of breast muscle was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), as well as the pH45min and pH24h of thigh muscle, which improved in the 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg XOS groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the cooking loss of thigh muscle was reduced in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with XOS had positive effects on the feeding behavior, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Furong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
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David E, Kopac J. Assessment of the Catalytic Performances of Nanocomposites Materials Based on 13X Zeolite, Calcium Oxide and Metal Zinc Particles in the Residual Biomass Pyrolysis Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3841. [PMID: 36364617 PMCID: PMC9657492 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on 13X zeolite (13XZ), calcium oxide (CaO) and metal zinc particles (Zn) were prepared. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by different techniques. Then, a comparative study on catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of biomass waste was performed to establish the influence of nanocomposites used as catalysts on the yields and characteristics of liquid and solid products. Residual rapeseed biomass (RRB) was employed for pyrolysis experiments and a fixed bed reactor was used. By introducing CaO and metal zinc particles into 13X zeolite mass, the surface area (SBET) of nanocomposites was reduced, and this decrease is due to the introduction of nano-calcium carbonate and nano-zinc particles, which occupied an important space into zeolite structure. By adding CaO to 13XZ, the pore structure was changed and there was a decrease in the micropores volume. The analysis of the pore area distribution showed a hierarchical pore structure for nanocomposites. The elements composition showed that the main elements contained in nanocomposites are Si, Al, Ca and Zn, confirming the preservation of the zeolite structure. Using these nanocomposites as catalysts in pyrolysis process, the residual biomass could be valorized, producing bio-oil and biochar for the management and sustainability of this low-value waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena David
- National Research Institute of Cryogenics & Isotopic Technologies, Street Uzinei No. 4, P.O. Râureni, P.O. Box 7, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Janez Kopac
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Xylooligosaccharides: prebiotic potential from agro-industrial residue, production strategies and prospects. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang S, Li Q, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Li Z. Influences of lead exposure on its accumulation in organs, meat, eggs and bone during laying period of hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101249. [PMID: 34174565 PMCID: PMC8242045 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevating levels of environmental lead (Pb) results in serious hazards to health of animals and human beings. In this study, daily diet with three different levels of Pb (Pb nitrate at doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight) were fed to ISA Brown layers. It showed that the kidney and liver have the relatively high Pb concentration (2.34 and 0.51 ppm) after culture, while the meat has the Pb concentration as low as 0.07 ppm (lower than the standard of Codex Alimentarius). It was also confirmed that egg laying worked as a potential pathway for hens to excrete Pb as Pb concentrations in eggshell and yolk increased from 0.10 to 3.11 ppm. However, the Pb concentration in egg white remains at a safe level (<0.10 ppm). Furthermore, even the intake of low dose Pb can cause a decline of bone mineral density and bone strength. Raman spot and mapping analysis indicated that carotenoids content in humerus from the hens of high dose group increased significantly, which hence can be applied as an indicator for resist stress. The degradation of bone quality will further damage the health of laying hens. Therefore, Pb exposure not only toxifies organs and reduces physiological features (e.g., body weight and laying rate) instantly, but also hurts poultry via degrading bone quality in long term. Additionally, the probability of excessive Pb in poultry meat is less than those of viscera and eggs, indicating its low risk to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Tian D, Su M, Zou X, Zhang L, Tang L, Geng Y, Qiu J, Wang S, Gao H, Li Z. Influences of phosphate addition on fungal weathering of carbonate in the red soil from karst region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142570. [PMID: 33035850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate in soil from karst region is a substantial carbon sink on Earth. Many karst regions are covered by P-deficient soil. This study evaluated the influences of phosphate addition on fungal weathering (by typical phosphate-solubilizing fungus Aspergillus niger) of carbonate in the soil with red color from karst region. Two weathering pathways were recognized, i.e., biochemical and biomechanical deterioration. The biochemical pathway was performed by dissolving carbonate via secreting organic acids. Meanwhile, the dominant organic acid, i.e., oxalic acid, induced the formation of calcium oxalate, which prevented the loss of Ca2+ cations. It was estimated that the ideal carbonate solubilization driven by geological fluorapatite and fungal weathering is up to 3.3% per year, based on the equation of 12 × (RBase + RPSF) × m × (Areal/APSF). Moreover, fungal weathering of carbonate is very sensitive to the solubility of phosphates. Phosphates supply essential P source for the fungal growth and subsequently raise water-soluble P content in the soil. The addition of bioapatite (a variety of natural apatite with relatively high solubility) elevated the value to 4.6% (a ~ 40% enhancement compared with FAp). This research hence elucidated the tight correlation between carbonate weathering and P supply. Inorganic C release driven by P availability and microbial weathering should be addressed in karst region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Geng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wang S, Zhang J, Ma J, Yang H, Shao X, Su M, Zhou Z, Li Z. Applying Pb 2+ to probe the dissolution of carbonated hydroxylapatite by Enterobacter sp.: A new insight into the bioerosion of tooth mineral. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1230-1238. [PMID: 33354845 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common disorders in dentistry. Typically, it is caused by the dissolution of the tooth mineral due to cariogenic organisms. Bioapatite is vulnerable to acid-etching ascribed to a variety of substitutions. This study applied Pb2+ cations to probe the dissolution of synthetic carbonated hydroxylapatite (CHAp) in the acidic environment induced by Enterobacter sp. It indicated a decreasing tendency of crystallite size (from ∼400 nm to 10-20 nm) during gradual incorporation of carbonate (from 2.5 to 13.8 wt %). Meanwhile, the shape of CHAp crystals was transformed from elongated to plate-like. Addition of Enterobacter sp. enhanced P release from CHAp (especially for the CHAp with ∼8 wt % CO3 ) around 10 times. Moreover, the bacterium provided a moderately acidic environment to cause more formation of stable pyromorphite over other Pb-minerals, for example, Pb3 (PO4 )2 , and PbCO3 . Then, transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy mapping successfully confirmed the Pb labeling on the newly formed phosphate mineral as Pb (with high-atomic weight) has strong signal under electron microscopy. This study therefore elucidated that Pb labeling has a bright future to explore the degradation of tooth mineral by microorganisms, as well as to evaluate the resistance of calcium phosphate dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Azad MA, Gao J, Ma J, Li T, Tan B, Huang X, Yin J. Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:379-388. [PMID: 33364453 PMCID: PMC7750794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of prebiotic applications from different sources is to improve the gut ecosystem where the host and microbiota can benefit from prebiotics. It has already been recognized that prebiotics have potential roles in the gut ecosystem because gut microbiota ferment complex dietary macronutrients and carry out a broad range of functions in the host body, such as the production of nutrients and vitamins, protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune system balance. The gut ecosystem is very crucial and can be affected by numerous factors consisting of dietary constituents and commensal bacteria. This review focuses on recent scientific evidence, confirming a beneficial effect of prebiotics on animal health, particularly in terms of protection against pathogenic bacteria and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that may improve epithelial cell barrier functions. It has also been reviewed that modification of the gut ecosystem through the utilization of prebiotics significantly affects the intestinal health of animals. However, the identification and characterization of novel potential prebiotics remain a topical issue and elucidation of the metagenomics relationship between gut microbiota alteration and prebiotic substances is necessary for future prebiotic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A.K. Azad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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Gao H, Zhou Z. Effect of Xylo-Oligosaccharides Supplementation by Drinking Water on the Bone Properties and Related Calcium Transporters in Growing Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113542. [PMID: 33228037 PMCID: PMC7699350 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), non-digestible oligosaccharides, have the potential to regulate intestinal microorganisms, and thus, improve host health, but little evidence exists for the prebiotic effects on bone health. This study evaluates the dose-response effect of XOS supplementation on bone properties, the morphology of the intestine, cecum pH, and cecum wall weight, as well as the related calcium transporters. Ninety-six 28-day-old male mice were randomized into one of four groups, fed the same commercial diet, and given different types of deionized water containing 0, 1, 2, or 4% XOS by concentration for 30 days. Eight mice were randomly selected to accomplish particular tasks every 10 days. No significant differences in serum Ca and P levels and growth performance were observed among the four studied groups. XOS intervention significantly decreased cecum pH and increased cecum wall weight in a dose-dependent manner. At the late growth stage, compared with 0% XOS, the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone-breaking strength in 4% XOS were significantly higher. The bone crystallinity with 4% XOS, measured by Raman spectrum, was significantly enhanced compared to that with 0% XOS during later growth. The villus height and villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) were enhanced with an increase of XOS concentration during the later stage of growth. The expression of transient receptor potential vanillin receptor 6 (TRPV6) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) in the duodenum were enhanced by XOS supplementation. XOS exerted a positive influence on bone properties by decreasing the cecum pH, increasing the cecum wall and villus structure, and upregulating the expression of related calcium transporters.
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12
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The Effect of Dietary Rye Inclusion and Xylanase Supplementation on Structural Organization of Bone Constitutive Phases in Laying Hens Fed a Wheat-Corn Diet. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112010. [PMID: 33142930 PMCID: PMC7692776 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary rye inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the bone quality of ISA Brown laying hens. Ninety-six laying hens were assigned to four groups: fed with wheat-corn diet or rye-wheat-corn diet (25% of hybrid rye inclusion) or nonsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (200 mg/kg of feed) for a period of 25 weeks, from the 26th to the 50th week of age. X-ray absorptiometry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to provide comprehensive information about the structural organization of bone constitutive phases of the tibia mid-diaphysis in hens from all treatment groups. Bone hydroxyapatite size was not affected by diet. Xylanase supplementation influenced the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and crystallinity index in hens fed with both diets. Xylanase had more pronounced effects on bone mineral density and collagen maturity in hens fed with the rye-wheat-corn diet versus those fed with the wheat-corn diet. The results of this study showed that modern rye varieties, when supplemented with exogenous xylanase, can be introduced to the diet of laying hens without any adverse effects on bone structure.
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Tang L, Shen Z, Duan X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Shao X, Song X, Hu S, Li Z. Evaluating the potential of charred bone as P hotspot assisted by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133965. [PMID: 31461692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced phosphorus (P) release from charred bone by microorganisms results in hotspots to alleviate P limitation in agricultural and natural systems. This study compared P release, assisted by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), from charred bone (CB) produced at various temperatures (100-300 °C). In the absence of PSB, soluble P from CB in water was observed with fluctuation between 100 and 300 °C, with a maximum value of 8.66 mg/L at 200 °C. Similarly, kinetics of dissolution indicated that CB produced at 250 °C owned the highest solubility and dissolution rate. After the addition of PSB, soluble P from all the CB samples were all elevated. The CB produced at 100 °C incredibly showed the most significant enhancement (from 3.51 to 77.37 mg /L). ATR-IR and XPS confirmed the loss of organic matter (primarily collagen), but no significant mineralogical alternation of bioapatite in bone. Meanwhile, it demonstrated that collagen itself cannot provide soluble P. However, the collagen contributed to the substantial sorption of bacteria, which improved the efficiency of P release from CB surface. This study clarified the P release via the interaction between CB and PSB, and hence provided a new perspective on understanding P biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengtao Shen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Xiaofang Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yuanyi Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinwei Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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14
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Wang S, Liu M, Tian D, Su M, Li Q, Li Z, Zhou Z. Identifying Initiation and Aging of Hens During the Laying Period by Raman Analysis of Beaks. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:159-165. [PMID: 32055210 PMCID: PMC7005389 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in the analysis of biological tissues. In this study, beak cuticle was studied to investigate its compositional and secondary structural changes during the laying period and aging of laying hens. The analysis revealed markedly increased contents of amide I and amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) within the beak during the intense laying period from 17 to 20 weeks. In addition, α-helical protein was also gradually synthesized in this period. The relative area ratio of 1003/1448 cm-1 (assigned to the vibrations of phenylalanine and organic C-H respectively) was confirmed as an excellent indicator for estimating the start of the laying period. This ratio increased from 0.36 to 0.42 from 17 to 20 weeks. The Raman peak at 1156 cm-1 was assigned to carotenoids in the beak. The intensities of the 1156 cm-1 peak significantly decreased during aging. The area ratio of 1156/1448 cm-1 was successfully applied to estimate ages (still within the laying period) of laying hens. This study shows the potential of using Raman spectroscopy to quantify ages and laying period of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Da Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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15
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Rehman M, Liu L, Wang Q, Saleem MH, Bashir S, Ullah S, Peng D. Copper environmental toxicology, recent advances, and future outlook: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18003-18016. [PMID: 31054057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the micronutrients needed by living organisms. In plants, Cu plays key roles in chlorophyll formation, photosynthesis, respiratory electron transport chains, oxidative stress protection as well as protein, carbohydrate, and cell wall metabolism. Therefore, deficiency of Cu can alter various functions of plant metabolism. However, Cu-based agrochemicals have traditionally been used in agriculture and being excessively released into the environment by anthropogenic activities. Continuous and extensive release of Cu is an imperative issue with various documented cases of phytotoxicity by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and DNA. The mobility of Cu from soil to plant tissues has several concerns including its adverse effects on humans. In this review, we have described about importance and occurrence of Cu in environment, Cu homeostasis and toxicity in plants as well as remediation and progress in research so far done worldwide in the light of previous findings. Furthermore, present review provides a comprehensive ecological risk assessment on Cu in soils and thus provides insights for agricultural soil management and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of soil and environmental science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxiang Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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16
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Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Dobrowolski P, Kamiński D, Czech A, Grela E, Wiącek D, Tomczyk-Warunek A. Dried fermented post-extraction rapeseed meal given to sows as an alternative protein source for soybean meal during pregnancy improves bone development of their offspring. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Synergistic effect of acetyl xylan esterase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum achieved by introducing carbohydrate-binding module-1. AMB Express 2019; 9:13. [PMID: 30694400 PMCID: PMC6351639 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran is an effective raw material for preparation xylooligosaccharides; however, current research mainly focuses on alkali extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis methods. Since ester bonds are destroyed during the alkali extraction process, xylanase and arabinofuranosidase are mainly used to hydrolyze xylooligosaccharides. However, alkali extraction costs are very high, and the method also causes pollution. Therefore, this study focuses on elucidating a method to efficiently and directly degrade destarched wheat bran. First, an acidic acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) containing a carbohydrate-binding module-1 (CBM1) domain was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Characterization showed that the full-length acetyl xylan esterase AXE + CBM1 was similar toe uncovered AXE with an optimum temperature and pH of 55 °C and 6.5, respectively. Testing the acetyl xylan esterase and xylanase derived from Neocallimastix patriciarum in a starch-free wheat bran cooperative experiment revealed that AXE + CBM1 and AXE produced 29% and 16% reducing sugars respectively, compared to when only NPXYN11 was used. In addition, introduced the CBM1 domain into NPXYN11, and the results indicated that the CBM1 domain showed little effect on NPXYN11 properties. Finally, the systematically synergistic effects between acetyl xylan esterase and xylanase with/without the CBM1 domain demonstrated that the combined ratio of AXE + CBM1 coming in first and NPXYN11 + CBM1 s increased reducing sugars by almost 35% with AXE and NPXYN11. Furthermore, each component's proportion remained the same with respect to xylooligosaccharides, with the largest proportion (86%) containing of 49% xylobiose and 37% xylotriose.
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18
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Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Kwiecień M, Wiącek D, Świetlicka I, Skibińska M, Szymańska-Chargot M, Orzeł J, Świetlicki M, Arczewska M, Szymanek M, Zhyla M, Hułas-Stasiak M, Rudyk H, Tomczyk-Warunek A. Analysis of bone osteometry, mineralization, mechanical and histomorphometrical properties of tibiotarsus in broiler chickens demonstrates a influence of dietary chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) inclusion as a primary protein source. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208921. [PMID: 30533027 PMCID: PMC6289425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on analyzing the effects of dietary inclusion of raw chickpea seed as a replacement of soybean meal as a primary protein source on bone structure in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (n = 160) received in their diet either soybean meal (SBM) or raw chickpea seeds (CPS) as a primary protein source throughout the whole rearing period (n = 80 in each group). On the 42th day randomly selected chickens from each group (n = 8) were slaughtered. Collected tibiotarsus were subjected to examination of the biomechanical characteristics of bone mid-diaphysis, microstructure of the growth plate and articular cartilages; the analysis of mineral content and crystallinity of mineral phase, and the measurements of thermal stability of collagen in hyaline cartilage were also carried out. The inclusion of chickpea seeds resulted in increase of bone osteometric parameters (weight, length and mid-diaphysis cross-sectional area) and mechanical endurance (yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, Young modulus). However, when loads were adjusted to bone shape (yield and ultimate stress) both groups did not differ. Mineral density determined by means of densitometric measurements did not differ between groups, however the detailed analysis revealed the differences in the macro- and microelements composition. The results of FT-IR and XRD analyses showed no effect of diet type on mineral phase crystallinity and hydroxyapatite nanocrystallites size. In trabecular bone, the increase of real bone volume (BV/TV) and number of trabeculae was observed in the CPS group. Total thickness of articular cartilage was the same in both groups, save the transitional zone, which was thicker in the SBM group. The total thickness of the growth plate cartilage was significantly increased in the CPS group. The area of the most intense presence of proteoglycans was wider in the SBM group. The structural analysis of fibrous components of bone revealed the increase of fraction of thin, immature collagen content in articular cartilage, trabeculae and compact bone in the CPS group. The dietary inclusion of CPS affected the thermal stability of collagen, as decrease of net denaturation enthalpy was observed. This study showed a beneficial effect of CPS on the skeletal development, improving the overall bone development and the microarchitecture of cancellous bone. It suggests that CPS can be a promising replacement for SBM in broilers feeding in the aspect of animal welfare related to the development of the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail: (SM); (ET)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail: (SM); (ET)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromathology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Świetlicka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Skibińska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Orzeł
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Świetlicki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szymanek
- Department of Agricultural, Horticultural and Forest Machinery, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mykola Zhyla
- Laboratory of Clinical Biological Research, State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Monika Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halyna Rudyk
- Laboratory of Clinical Biological Research, State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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19
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Lei XJ, Lee KY, Kim IH. Performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta microbiota shedding in laying hens fed corn-soybean-meal-wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2071-2077. [PMID: 29509938 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of xylanase on production performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta microbiota shedding of laying hens in a 12-week trial. Two-hundred-forty Hy-Line brown laying hens (44 wk old) were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design into one of 4 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 6 birds each. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean-meal-wheat-based diets supplemented with 0, 225, 450, or 900 U/kg xylanase. Daily feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and damaged egg rate showed no significant response to increasing xylanase supplementation during any phase (P > 0.05). No significant responses were observed for apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, or gross energy (P > 0.05). A significant linear increase to increasing xylanase supplementation was seen for lactic acid bacteria numbers, although coliforms and Salmonella counts were not affected. Increasing the dietary xylanase resulted in a significant linear increase in eggshell thickness in wk 3, 6, 9, and 12 (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant linear increase occurred for Haugh unit and albumen height in wk 12 (P < 0.05). In summary, the inclusion of xylanase in corn-soybean-meal-wheat-based diets increased eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen height, and excreta lactic acid bacteria count but had no effect on production performance or nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
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Abstract
Increasing interest in functional foods has driven discovery in the area of bioactive compounds. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrate compounds that, when consumed, elicit health benefits and aid in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. While prebiotics have been shown to improve a number of chronic, inflammatory conditions, growing evidence exists for prebiotic effects on calcium metabolism and bone health. These novel dietary fibers have been shown to increase calcium absorption in the lower intestines of both preclinical and human models. Rodent models have also been imperative for understanding prebiotic effects on bone mineral density and measures of skeletal strength. Although fewer data are available for humans, bone-related prebiotic effects exist across the lifecycle, suggesting benefits for attainment of peak bone mass during adolescence and minimized bone resorption among postmenopausal women. These effects are thought to occur through prebiotic-microbe interactions in the large intestine. Current prebiotic mechanisms for improved mineral absorption and skeletal health include alterations in gut microbiota composition, production of short-chain fatty acids, altered intestinal pH, biomarker modification, and immune system regulation. While the majority of available data support improved mineral bioavailability, emerging evidence suggests alternate microbial roles and the presence of an intricate gut-bone signaling axis. Overall, the current scientific literature supports prebiotic consumption as a cost-effective and sustainable approach for improved skeletal health and/or fracture prevention. The goal of this review is to discuss both foundational and recent research in the area of prebiotics, mineral metabolism, and bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Luisa F Castillo
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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