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Ansermot N, Vathanarasa H, Ranjbar S, Gholam M, Crettol S, Vandenberghe F, Gamma F, Plessen KJ, von Gunten A, Conus P, Eap CB. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Olanzapine: Effects of Clinical Factors on Plasma Concentrations in Psychiatric Patients. Ther Drug Monit 2024:00007691-990000000-00234. [PMID: 38833576 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is strongly recommended for olanzapine due to its high pharmacokinetic variability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various clinical factors on olanzapine plasma concentrations in patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS The study used TDM data from the PsyMetab cohort, including 547 daily dose-normalized, steady-state, olanzapine plasma concentrations (C:D ratios) from 248 patients. Both intrinsic factors (eg, sex, age, body weight) and extrinsic factors (eg, smoking status, comedications, hospitalization) were examined. Univariate and multivariable, linear, mixed-effects models were employed, with a stepwise selection procedure based on Akaike information criterion to identify the relevant covariates. RESULTS In the multivariable model (based on 440 observations with a complete data set), several significant findings emerged. Olanzapine C:D ratios were significantly lower in smokers (β = -0.65, P < 0.001), valproate users (β = -0.53, P = 0.002), and inpatients (β = -0.20, P = 0.025). Furthermore, the C:D ratios decreased significantly as the time since the last dose increased (β = -0.040, P < 0.001). The male sex had a significant main effect on olanzapine C:D ratios (β = -2.80, P < 0.001), with significant interactions with age (β = 0.025, P < 0.001) and body weight (β = 0.017, P = 0.011). The selected covariates explained 30.3% of the variation in C:D ratios, with smoking status accounting for 7.7% and sex contributing 6.9%. The overall variation explained by both the fixed and random parts of the model was 67.4%. The model facilitated the prediction of olanzapine C:D ratios based on sex, age, and body weight. CONCLUSIONS The clinical factors examined in this study, including sex, age, body weight, smoking status, and valproate comedication, remarkably influence olanzapine C:D ratios. Considering these factors, in addition to TDM and the clinical situation, could be important for dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ansermot
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Harish Vathanarasa
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Crettol
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Vandenberghe
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Gamma
- Les Toises Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; and
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
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Šušak Sporiš I, Božina N, Klarica Domjanović I, Sporiš D, Bašić S, Bašić I, Lovrić M, Ganoci L, Trkulja V. Breast cancer resistance protein polymorphism ABCG2 c.421C>A (rs2231142) moderates the effect of valproate on lamotrigine trough concentrations in adults with epilepsy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:351-368. [PMID: 37793994 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproate inhibits clearance of lamotrigine and greatly increases its concentrations. We assessed whether this effect was moderated by a polymorphism (ABCG2 c.421C>A) of the breast cancer resistance protein. METHODS In two consecutive independent studies in adults with epilepsy on lamotrigine monotherapy or cotreated with valproate: (i) Exposure to valproate was considered treatment, (ii) dose-adjusted lamotrigine troughs at steady state were the outcome, and (iii) ABCG2 c.421C>A genotype (wild-type [wt] homozygosity or variant carriage) was the tested moderator. We used entropy balancing (primary analysis) and exact/optimal full matching (secondary analysis) to control for confounding, including polymorphisms (and linked polymorphisms) suggested to affect exposure to lamotrigine (UGT1A4*3 c.142T>G, rs2011425; UGT2B7-161C>T, rs7668258; ABCB1 1236C>T, rs1128503) to generate frequentist and Bayesian estimates of valproate effects (geometric means ratios [GMR]). RESULTS The two studies yielded consistent results (replicated); hence, we analyzed combined data (total N = 471, 140 treated, 331 controls, 378 ABCG2 c.421C>A wt subjects, 93 variant carriers). Primary analysis: in variant carriers, valproate effect (GMR) on lamotrigine (treated, n = 21 vs. controls, n = 72) was around 60% higher than in wt subjects (treated, n = 119 vs. controls, n = 259)-ratio of GMRs 1.61 (95%CI 1.23-2.11) (frequentist) and 1.63 (95%CrI 1.26-2.10) (Bayes). Similar differences in valproate effects between variant carriers and wt subjects were found in the secondary analysis (valproate troughs up to 364 μmol/L vs. no valproate; or valproate ≥364 μmol/L vs. no valproate). Susceptibility of the estimates to unmeasured confounding was low. CONCLUSION Data suggest that polymorphism rs2231142 moderates the effect of valproate on exposure to lamotrigine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šušak Sporiš
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Davor Sporiš
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Silvio Bašić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bašić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mila Lovrić
- Analytical Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Amaro-Álvarez L, Cordero-Ramos J, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. Exploring the impact of pharmacogenetics on personalized medicine: A systematic review. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2024:S1130-6343(24)00003-5. [PMID: 38341366 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacogenetics evaluates how genetic variations influence drug responses. Nowadays, genetic tests have advanced, becoming more affordable, and its integration is supported by stronger clinical evidence. Guidelines such as those from CPIC (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium) and resources like PharmGKB facilitate genotype-based prescribing; and organizations like the FDA promote genetic testing before initiating certain medications. Preventive pharmacogenetic panels seem promising, but further research on biomarkers and diverse populations is needed. The aim of this review is to analyze recent evidence on the genotype-drug response relationship to examine how the genetic profile of patients influences the clinical response to treatments, and analyze the areas of research that need further study to advance towards a genetic-based precision medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed to identify articles investigating the genotype-drug response relationship. The search strategy included terms such as "pharmacogenetics", "personalized treatment", "precision medicine", "dose adjustment", "individualizing dosing", "clinical routine", and "clinical practice." Clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses published in English or Spanish between 2013 and 2023 were included. The initial search resulted in a total of 136 articles for analysis. RESULTS 49 articles were included for the final analysis following review by 2 investigators. A relationship between genetic polymorphisms and drug response or toxicity was found for drugs such as opioids, GLP-1 agonists, tacrolimus, oral anticoagulants, antineoplastics, atypical antipsychotics, efavirenz, clopidogrel, lamotrigine, anti-TNFα agents, voriconazole, antidepressants, or statins. However, for drugs like metformin, quetiapine, irinotecan, bisoprolol, and anti-VEGF agents, no statistically significant association between genotype and response was found. CONCLUSION The studies analyzed in this review suggest a strong correlation between genetic variability and individual drug responses, supporting the use of pharmacogenetics for treatment optimization. However, for certain drugs like metformin or quetiapine, the influence of genotype on their response remains unclear. More studies with larger sample sizes, greater ethnic diversity, and consideration of non-genetic factors are needed. The lack of standardization in analysis methods and accessibility to genetic testing are significant challenges in this field. As a conclusion, pharmacogenetics shows immense potential in personalized medicine, but further research is required.
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Božina N, Sporiš IŠ, Domjanović IK, Ganoci L, Šimičević L, Lovrić M, Romić ZČ, Gadže ŽP, Trkulja V. Bearing variant alleles at uridine glucuronosyltransferase polymorphisms UGT2B7 -161C > T (rs7668258) or UGT1A4*3 c.142 T > G (rs2011425) has no relevant consequences for lamotrigine troughs in adults with epilepsy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1117-1129. [PMID: 37340142 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate whether epilepsy patients with variant UGT2B7 -161C > T (rs7668258) or UGT1A4*3 c.142 T > G (rs2011425) alleles differ from their wild-type (wt) peers in exposure to lamotrigine. METHODS Consecutive adults on lamotrigine monotherapy or lamotrigine + valproate co-treatment undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring, otherwise generally healthy and free of interacting drugs, were genotyped for UGT2B7 -161C > T and UGT1A4*3 c.142 T > G. Heterozygous, variant homozygous, or combined heterozygous/variant homozygous subjects were compared to their wt controls for dose-adjusted lamotrigine troughs with adjustment for age, sex, body weight, rs7668258/rs2011425, polymorphisms of efflux transporter proteins ABCG2 c.421C > A (rs2231142) and ABCB1 1236C > T (rs1128503), and level of exposure to valproate using covariate entropy balancing. RESULTS Of the 471 included patients, 328 (69.6%) were on monotherapy and 143 were co-treated with valproate. Dose-adjusted lamotrigine troughs in UGT2B7 -161C > T heterozygous (CT, n = 237) or variant homozygous (TT, n = 115) subjects were closely similar to those in their wt controls (CC, n = 119): geometric means ratios (GMRs) (frequentist and Bayes) 1.00 (95%CI 0.86-1.16) and 1.00 (95%CrI 0.83-1.22) for CT vs. CC; and 0.97 (0.81-1.17) and 0.97 (0.80-1.20) for TT vs. CC subjects. Lamotrigine troughs were also closely similar in UGT1A4*3 c.142 T > G variant carriers (n = 106: 102 TG + 4 GG subjects) and wt controls (TT, n = 365): GMR = 0.95 (0.81-1.12) frequentist, 0.96 (0.80-1.16) Bayes. GMRs for variant carriers vs. wt controls were around unity also at different levels of exposure to valproate. CONCLUSION Dose-adjusted lamotrigine troughs in epilepsy patients with variant UGT2B7 -161C > T or UGT1A4*3 c.142 T > G alleles are equivalent to those in their respective wt peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Božina
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šušak Sporiš
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lana Ganoci
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livija Šimičević
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mila Lovrić
- Analytical Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Watzal V, Godbersen GM, Weidenauer A, Willeit M, Popper V, Treiber M, Preiss M, Ivkic D, Rabl U, Fugger G, Frey R, Kraus C, Rujescu D, Bartova L. Case report: Interstitial pneumonitis after initiation of lamotrigine. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1203497. [PMID: 37465252 PMCID: PMC10351415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The second-generation anticonvulsant lamotrigine is widely used in the psychiatric field as a mood stabilizer or antidepressant augmentation therapy. Although particularly older anticonvulsants are known for their potential to cause hypersensitivity syndromes, newer antiepileptic drugs do hold a certain risk as well. Presenting a case of a 32-year-old male inpatient of African ethnicity suffering from a primary severe depressive episode in the course of a recurrent major depressive disorder, we report the occurrence of a rapid-onset drug-induced pneumonitis. Herewith, the interstitial pneumonitis occurred after the initiation of 25 mg lamotrigine as an augmentation therapy. Except for the clear temporal correlation between the administration of lamotrigine and the onset of pneumonitis, we did not reveal any further potentially causal diagnostic hints. Importantly, no relevant genetic variations of metabolizing enzymes or drug interactions resulting in lamotrigine overdosage as a potential cause of toxicity were identified. Our experience with a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction shortly after the initiation of the largely well-tolerated lamotrigine suggests a potential side effect under the second-generation anticonvulsant although similar adverse events are deemed to be very rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Watzal
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber Mathis Godbersen
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Weidenauer
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Popper
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Treiber
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Preiss
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Ivkic
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Fugger
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Frey
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Miners JO, Polasek TM, Hulin JA, Rowland A, Meech R. Drug-drug interactions that alter the exposure of glucuronidated drugs: Scope, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme selectivity, mechanisms (inhibition and induction), and clinical significance. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108459. [PMID: 37263383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from the perturbation of drug metabolising enzyme activities represent both a clinical problem and a potential economic loss for the pharmaceutical industry. DDIs involving glucuronidated drugs have historically attracted little attention and there is a perception that interactions are of minor clinical relevance. This review critically examines the scope and aetiology of DDIs that result in altered exposure of glucuronidated drugs. Interaction mechanisms, namely inhibition and induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and the potential interplay with drug transporters, are reviewed in detail, as is the clinical significance of known DDIs. Altered victim drug exposure arising from modulation of UGT enzyme activities is relatively common and, notably, the incidence and importance of UGT induction as a DDI mechanism is greater than generally believed. Numerous DDIs are clinically relevant, resulting in either loss of efficacy or an increased risk of adverse effects, necessitating dose individualisation. Several generalisations relating to the likelihood of DDIs can be drawn from the known substrate and inhibitor selectivities of UGT enzymes, highlighting the importance of comprehensive reaction phenotyping studies at an early stage of drug development. Further, rigorous assessment of the DDI liability of new chemical entities that undergo glucuronidation to a significant extent has been recommended recently by regulatory guidance. Although evidence-based approaches exist for the in vitro characterisation of UGT enzyme inhibition and induction, the availability of drugs considered appropriate for use as 'probe' substrates in clinical DDI studies is limited and this should be research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA; Centre for Medicines Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie-Ann Hulin
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Božina T, Karačić E, Ganoci L, Čuković-Čavka S, Palić J, Božina N, Šimičević L. UGT2B7 c.-161C>T polymorphism frequency in Croatian population. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:303-307. [PMID: 36607721 PMCID: PMC9985345 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7), enzyme responsible for the elimination of a number of xenobiotics through glucuronidation, is expressed in the gut, kidneys, intestines, and brain. However, data on the frequency of UGT2B7 polymorphisms in the Croatian population are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258) polymorphism in the Croatian population and to compare it with reported frequencies in other populations. This polymorphism is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the UGT2B7 c.802C>T (UGT2B7*2, rs7439366) variant, which is important in clinical medicine. The study reports data of 501 participants from University Hospital Centre Zagreb. All data were collected and analysed retrospectively. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assay for UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258). We found that 120 (23.95 %) participants were carriers of the UGT2B7 c.-161CC genotype and 255 (50.9 %) were heterozygous carriers (UGT2B7 c.-161CT), while 126 (25.15 %) were homozygous carriers of the variant allele (UGT2B7 c.-161TT). The frequency of the variant UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allele in this study was T=0.506. The frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allelic variants and genotypes in the Croatian population is similar to other European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Božina
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Karačić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualisation, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Čuković-Čavka
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Gastroenterology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jozefina Palić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livija Šimičević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualisation, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
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Božina T, Ganoci L, Karačić E, Šimičević L, Vrkić-Kirhmajer M, Klarica-Domjanović I, Križ T, Sertić Z, Božina N. ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms in the Croatian population. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:323-331. [PMID: 36382878 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2140826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2, ABCG2, are important transporters involved in the transport of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics, including drugs. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters have effect on transporter activity. There is significant interethnic variability in the frequency of allele variants. AIM To determined allele and genotype frequencies of ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 genes in Croatian populations of European descent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 905 subjects (482 women) were included. Genotyping for ABCG2 c.421C > A (rs2231142) and for SLCO1B1 c.521T > C (rs4149056), was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan® DME Genotyping Assays. RESULTS For ABCG2 c.421C > A, the frequency of CC, CA and AA genotypes was 81.4%, 17.8% and 0.8% respectively. The frequency of variant ABCG2 421 A allele was 9.7%. For SLCO1B1 c.521T > C, the frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 61.7%, 34.8% and 3.5% respectively. The frequency of variant SLCO1B1 521 C allele was 20.9%. CONCLUSION The frequency of the ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 allelic variants and genotypes in the Croatian population is in accordance with other European populations. Pharmacogenetic analysis can serve to individualise drug therapy and minimise the risk of developing adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Božina
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Karačić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livija Šimičević
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Majda Vrkić-Kirhmajer
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tena Križ
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Sertić
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Celinšćak Ž, Zajc Petranović M, Šetinc M, Stojanović Marković A, Peričić Salihović M, Marija Zeljko H, Janićijević B, Smolej Narančić N, Škarić-Jurić T. Pharmacogenetic distinction of the Croatian population from the European average. Croat Med J 2022; 63:117-125. [PMID: 35505645 PMCID: PMC9086818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the Croatian and European population in terms of allele frequencies of clinically relevant polymorphisms in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) genes. METHODS In 429 Croatian participants, we genotyped 27 loci in 20 ADME genes. The obtained frequencies were merged with the published frequencies for the Croatian population by sample size weighting. The study sample obtained in this way was compared with the average data for the European population from the gnomAD database. RESULTS Variant allele frequencies in the Croatian population were higher in three and lower in two polymorphisms (Benjamini-Hochberg-corrected P values: 0.0027 for CYP2B6*4 rs2279343, CYP2C9*2 rs1799853, and VKORC1 rs9923231; 0.0297 for GSTP1 rs1695; 0.0455 for CYP2A6 rs1801272) compared with the European population. The most marked difference was observed for CYP2B6*4 (9.3% in Europe vs 24.3% in Croatia). The most clinically relevant findings were higher variant allele frequencies in two polymorphisms related to lower warfarin requirements: VKORC1*2 (34.9% in Europe vs 40.1% in Croatia) and CYP2C9*2 (12.3% in Europe vs 14.7% in Croatia). This indicates that three-quarters of Croatian people have at least one variant allele at these loci. Variants in genes GSTP1 and CYP2A6 were significantly less frequently observed in Croatia. CONCLUSIONS Croatian population has a higher bleeding and over-anticoagulation risk, which is why we recommend the prescription of lower doses of anticoagulation drugs such as warfarin and acenocoumarol. Lower phenytoin, and higher bupropion and efavirenz doses are also recommended in the Croatian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Celinšćak
- Željka Celinšćak, Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva ulica 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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10
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Charalampidi A, Kordou Z, Tsermpini EE, Bosganas P, Chantratita W, Fukunaga K, Mushiroda T, Patrinos GP, Koromina M. Pharmacogenomics variants are associated with BMI differences between individuals with bipolar and other psychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:749-760. [PMID: 34410167 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Regardless of the plethora of next-generation sequencing studies in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), the potential effect of covariate variables on PGx response within deeply phenotyped cohorts remains unexplored. Materials & methods: We explored with advanced statistical methods the potential influence of BMI, as a covariate variable, on PGx response in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders. Results: Nine PGx variants within UGT1A6, SLC22A4, GSTP1, CYP4B1, CES1, SLC29A3 and DPYD were associated with altered BMI in different psychiatric disorder groups. Carriers of rs2070959 (UGT1A6), rs199861210 (SLC29A3) and rs2297595 (DPYD) were also characterized by significant changes in the mean BMI, depending on the presence of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Specific PGx variants are significantly associated with BMI in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Charalampidi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoe Kordou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Bosganas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koya Fukunaga
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Maria Koromina
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
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11
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Drug-drug-gene interactions as mediators of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac and statins: a case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 72:114-128. [PMID: 34187111 PMCID: PMC8265195 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant treatment with drugs that inhibit drug metabolising enzymes and/or transporters, such as commonly prescribed statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been associated with prolonged drug exposure and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug-drug interactions. The risk is further increased in patients with chronic diseases/comorbidities who are more susceptible because of their genetic setup or external factors. In that light, we present a case of a 46-year-old woman who had been experiencing acute renal and hepatic injury and myalgia over two years of concomitant treatment with diclofenac, atorvastatin, simvastatin/fenofibrate, and several other drugs, including pantoprazole and furosemide. Our pharmacogenomic findings supported the suspicion that ADRs, most notably the multi-organ toxicity experienced by our patient, may be owed to drug-drug-gene interactions and increased bioavailability of the prescribed drugs due to slower detoxification capacity and decreased hepatic and renal elimination. We also discuss the importance of CYP polymorphisms in the biotransformation of endogenous substrates such as arachidonic acid and their modulating role in pathophysiological processes. Yet even though the risks of ADRs related to the above mentioned drugs are substantially evidenced in literature, pre-emptive pharmacogenetic analysis has not yet found its way into common clinical practice.
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12
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Toll SJ, Qiu F, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Dziegielewska KM, Nie S, Saunders NR. Entry of antiepileptic drugs (valproate and lamotrigine) into the developing rat brain. F1000Res 2021; 10:384. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Women with epilepsy face difficult choices whether to continue antiepileptic drug treatment during pregnancy, as uncontrolled seizures carry great risk to mother and fetus but continuing treatment may have adverse effects on baby’s development. This study aimed at evaluating antiepileptic drug entry into developing brain. Methods: Anaesthetised pregnant, non-pregnant adult females, postnatal and fetal rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses, single or in combinations, of valproate and lamotrigine, all within clinical range. Injectate included 3H-labelled drug. After 30min, CSF, blood and brain samples were obtained; radioactivity was measured using liquid scintillation counting. Some animals were also exposed to valproate in feed throughout pregnancy and into neonatal period. Drug levels were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results are given as CSF or tissue/plasma% as index of drug entry. Results: Entry of valproate into brain and CSF was higher at E19 and P4 compared to adult but was not dose-dependent; placental transfer increased significantly at highest dose of 100mg/Kg. Lamotrigine entry into the brain was dose dependent only at E19. Chronic valproate treatment, or combination of valproate and lamotrigine had little effect on either drug entry, except for reduced valproate brain entry in adult brain with chronic treatment. Placental transfer decreased significantly after chronic valproate treatment. LC-MS measurement of valproate in adults confirmed that rat plasma values were within the clinical range and CSF/plasma and brain/plasma ratios for LC-MS and 3H-valproate were similar. Conclusion: Results suggest that entry of valproate may be higher in developing brain, the capacity of barrier mechanism is mostly unaffected by doses within the clinical range, with or without addition of lamotrigine. Chronic valproate exposure may result in upregulation in cellular mechanisms restricting its entry into the brain. Entry of lamotrigine was little different at different ages and was not dose dependent.
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13
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Toll SJ, Qiu F, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Dziegielewska KM, Nie S, Saunders NR. Entry of antiepileptic drugs (valproate and lamotrigine) into the developing rat brain. F1000Res 2021; 10:384. [PMID: 34249340 PMCID: PMC8207807 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52607.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women with epilepsy face difficult choices whether to continue antiepileptic drug treatment during pregnancy, as uncontrolled seizures carry great risk to mother and fetus but continuing treatment may have adverse effects on baby’s development. This study aimed at evaluating antiepileptic drug entry into developing brain. Methods: Anaesthetised pregnant, non-pregnant adult females, postnatal and fetal rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses, single or in combinations, of valproate and lamotrigine, within clinical range. Injectate included
3H-labelled drug. After 30min, CSF, blood and brain samples were obtained; radioactivity measured using liquid scintillation counting. Some animals were also exposed to valproate in feed throughout pregnancy and into neonatal period. Drug levels measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results given as CSF or tissue/plasma% as index of drug entry. Results: Entry of valproate into brain and CSF was higher at E19 and P4 compared to adult and was dose-dependent except at E19; placental transfer increased significantly at highest dose of 100mg/kg. Lamotrigine entry into the brain was dose dependent only at E19. Chronic valproate treatment, or combination of valproate and lamotrigine had little effect on either drug entry, except for reduced valproate brain entry in adult brain with chronic treatment. Placental transfer decreased significantly after chronic valproate treatment. LC-MS measurement of valproate in adults confirmed that rat plasma values were within the clinical range and CSF/plasma and brain/plasma ratios for LC-MS and
3H-valproate were similar. Conclusion: Results suggest that entry of valproate may be higher in developing brain, the capacity of barrier mechanism is mostly unaffected by doses within the clinical range, with or without addition of lamotrigine. Chronic valproate exposure may result in upregulation in cellular mechanisms restricting its entry into the brain. Entry of lamotrigine was little different at different ages and was not dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Toll
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Norman R Saunders
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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14
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Zhu X, Huang W, Lu H, Wang Z, Ni X, Hu J, Deng S, Tan Y, Li L, Zhang M, Qiu C, Luo Y, Chen H, Huang S, Xiao T, Shang D, Wen Y. A machine learning approach to personalized dose adjustment of lamotrigine using noninvasive clinical parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5568. [PMID: 33692435 PMCID: PMC7946912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic variability of lamotrigine (LTG) plays a significant role in its dosing requirements. Our goal here was to use noninvasive clinical parameters to predict the dose-adjusted concentrations (C/D ratio) of LTG based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. A total of 1141 therapeutic drug-monitoring measurements were used, 80% of which were randomly selected as the "derivation cohort" to develop the prediction algorithm, and the remaining 20% constituted the "validation cohort" to test the finally selected model. Fifteen ML models were optimized and evaluated by tenfold cross-validation on the "derivation cohort,” and were filtered by the mean absolute error (MAE). On the whole, the nonlinear models outperformed the linear models. The extra-trees’ regression algorithm delivered good performance, and was chosen to establish the predictive model. The important features were then analyzed and parameters of the model adjusted to develop the best prediction model, which accurately described the C/D ratio of LTG, especially in the intermediate-to-high range (≥ 22.1 μg mL−1 g−1 day), as illustrated by a minimal bias (mean relative error (%) = + 3%), good precision (MAE = 8.7 μg mL−1 g−1 day), and a high percentage of predictions within ± 20% of the empirical values (60.47%). This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to use ML algorithms to predict the C/D ratio of LTG. The results here can help clinicians adjust doses of LTG administered to patients to minimize adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Wencan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Bureau of Civil Affairs Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, 510430, China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Zhanzhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Jinqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Shuhua Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Yaqian Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Yayan Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Shanqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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15
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Bruckmueller H, Cascorbi I. ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 drug transporter polymorphisms and their impact on drug bioavailability: what is our current understanding? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:369-396. [PMID: 33459081 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interindividual differences in drug response are a frequent clinical challenge partly due to variation in pharmacokinetics. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial determinants of drug disposition. They are subject of gene regulation and drug-interaction; however, it is still under debate to which extend genetic variants in these transporters contribute to interindividual variability of a wide range of drugs. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current literature on the impact of genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2 as well as ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 on pharmacokinetics and drug response. The aim was to evaluate if results from recent studies would increase the evidence for potential clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. EXPERT OPINION Although enormous efforts have been made to investigate effects of ABC transporter genotypes on drug pharmacokinetics and response, the majority of studies showed only weak if any associations. Despite few unique results, studies mostly failed to confirm earlier findings or still remained inconsistent. The impact of genetic variants on drug bioavailability is only minor and other factors regulating the transporter expression and function seem to be more critical. In our opinion, the findings on the so far investigated genetic variants in ABC efflux transporters are not suitable as predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Ganoci L, Trkulja V, Živković M, Božina T, Šagud M, Lovrić M, Božina N. ABCB1, ABCG2 and CYP2D6 polymorphism effects on disposition and response to long-acting risperidone. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110042. [PMID: 32682874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of the multidrug resistance (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance (ABCG2) protein transporter polymorphisms for treatment with long-acting intramuscular (LAI) risperidone is largely unknown. We explored the relationship between these polymorphisms and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype-predicted phenotype in their effects on drug disposition and clinical outcomes in adults with schizophrenia. In a 24-week observational study, patients initiated on LAI-risperidone (n=101) were genotyped [enzymes (CYP2D6 dupl,*3,*4,*5,*6,*41; CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3), transporters (ABCG2 421C>A; ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T)] and evaluated for steady-state (weeks 6-8) serum levels of dose-corrected risperidone, 9-OH-risperidone, risperidone+9-OH-risperidone (active moiety), and for response to treatment (PANSS, reduction vs. baseline ≥30% at week 12 and ≥45% at week 24). CYP2D6 normal/ultrarapid metabolizers (NM/UM) (vs. other) had lower risperidone (29%) and active moiety levels (24%) (9-OH-risperidone not affected). The effect on the three analytes was mild (0 to 23% reduction) in ABCG2 wild-type homozygotes and pronounced (44-55% reduction) in ABCG2 variant allele carriers. ABCG2 variant had no effect on disposition in CYP2D6 "other" phenotypes, while the effect was pronounced in CYP2D6 NM/UM subjects (31-37% reduction). ABCB1 polymorphisms had no effect on exposure to risperidone. CYP2D6 NM/UM phenotype tended to lower odds of PANSS response, ABCG2 variant was associated with 4-fold higher odds and ABCB1 (1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T) overall mainly wild-type genotype was associated with around 4--fold lower odds of response. In patients treated with LAI-risperidone, CYP2D6 phenotype effect on systemic exposure is conditional on the ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism. ABCG2 and ABCB1 polymorphisms affect clinical response independently of systemic risperidone disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ganoci
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Živković
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Božina
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Šagud
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mila Lovrić
- Analytical Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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17
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Ortega-Vázquez A, Fricke-Galindo I, Dorado P, Jung-Cook H, Martínez-Juárez IE, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Rojas-Tomé IS, Peñas-Lledó E, Llerena A, López-López M. Influence of genetic variants and antiepileptic drug co-treatment on lamotrigine plasma concentration in Mexican Mestizo patients with epilepsy. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:845-856. [PMID: 32483200 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and nongenetic factors may contribute to lamotrigine (LTG) plasma concentration variability among patients. We simultaneously investigated the association of UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT2B7, ABCB1, ABCG2, and SLC22A1 variants, as well as antiepileptic drug co-treatment, on LTG plasma concentration in 97 Mexican Mestizo (MM) patients with epilepsy. UGT1A4*1b was associated with lower LTG dose-corrected concentrations. Patients with the UGT2B7-161T allele were treated with 21.22% higher LTG daily dose than those with CC genotype. Two novel UGT1A4 variants (c.526A>T; p.Thr185= and c.496T>C; p.Ser166Leu) were identified in one patient. Patients treated with LTG + valproic acid (VPA) showed higher LTG plasma concentration than patients did on LTG monotherapy or LTG + inducer. Despite the numerous drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter genetic variants analyzed, our results revealed that co-treatment with VPA was the most significant factor influencing LTG plasma concentration, followed by UGT1A4*1b, and that patients carrying UGT2B7 c.-161T required higher LTG daily doses. These data provide valuable information for the clinical use of LTG in MM patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Dorado
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico.,National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris E Martínez-Juárez
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma S Rojas-Tomé
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Peñas-Lledó
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adrián Llerena
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
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18
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PharmGKB summary: lamotrigine pathway, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 30:81-90. [PMID: 32187155 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Božina N, Sporiš IŠ, Božina T, Klarica-Domjanović I, Tvrdeić A, Sporiš D. Pharmacogenetics and the treatment of epilepsy: what do we know? Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:1093-1101. [PMID: 31588875 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizure control with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as well as susceptibility to adverse drug reactions varies among individuals with epilepsy. This interindividual variability is partly determined by genetic factors. However, genetic testing to predict the efficacy and toxicity of AEDs is limited and genetic variability is, as yet, largely unexplainable. Accordingly, genetic testing can only be advised in a very limited number of cases in clinical routine. Currently, by applying different methodologies, many trials have been undertaken to evaluate cost benefits of preventive pharmacogenetic analysis for patients. There is significant progress in sequencing technologies, and focus is on next-generation sequencing-based methods, like exome and genome sequencing. In this review, an overview of the current scientific knowledge considering the pharmacogenetics of AEDs is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Božina
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Pharmacogenomics & Therapy Individualiation, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šušak Sporiš
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine & Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tamara Božina
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ante Tvrdeić
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Sporiš
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine & Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Wang ZZ, Zhang YF, Huang WC, Wang XP, Ni XJ, Lu HY, Hu JQ, Deng SH, Zhu XQ, Xie HS, Chen HZ, Zhang M, Qiu C, Wen YG, Shang DW. Effects of Comedication and Genetic Factors on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Lamotrigine: A Prospective Analysis in Chinese Patients With Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31404235 PMCID: PMC6669232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamotrigine (LTG) is a second-generation anti-epileptic drug widely used for focal and generalized seizures in adults and children, and as a first-line medication in pregnant women and women of childbearing age. However, LTG pharmacokinetics shows high inter-individual variability, thus potentially leading to therapeutic failure or side effects in patients. This prospective study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetics model for LTG in Chinese patients with epilepsy and to investigate the effects of genetic variants in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4, UGT2B7, MDR1, ABCG2, ABCC2, and SLC22A1, as well as non-genetic factors, on LTG pharmacokinetics. The study population consisted of 89 patients with epilepsy, with 419 concentrations of LTG. A nonlinear mixed effects model was implemented in NONMEM software. A one-compartment model with first-order input and first-order elimination was found to adequately characterize LTG concentration. The population estimates of the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and apparent clearance (CL/F) were 12.7 L and 1.12 L/h, respectively. The use of valproic acid decreased CL/F by 38.5%, whereas the co-administration of rifampicin caused an increase in CL/F of 64.7%. The CL/F decreased by 52.5% in SLC22A1-1222AA carriers. Patients with the ABCG2-34AA genotype had a 42.0% decrease in V/F, whereas patients with the MDR1-2677TT and C3435TT genotypes had a 136% increase in V/F. No obvious genetic effect of UGT enzymes was found relative to the concentrations of LTG in Chinese patients. Recommended dose regimens for patients with different gene polymorphisms and comedications were estimated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and the established model. These findings should be valuable for developing individualized dosage regimens in adult and adolescent Chinese patients 13–65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Zhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Bureau of Civil Affairs Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Pei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Yang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Qing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Hua Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Shan Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Wei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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Klarica Domjanović I, Lovrić M, Trkulja V, Petelin-Gadže Ž, Ganoci L, Čajić I, Božina N. Interaction between ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism and valproate in their effects on steady-state disposition of lamotrigine in adults with epilepsy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2106-2119. [PMID: 29791014 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of glucuronidation enzyme (UGT1A4*3 142T>G, UGT1A4*2 70C>A, UGT2B7 -161C>T) and transporter (MDR1/ABCB1 1236C>T, ABCG2 421C>A) polymorphisms on steady-state disposition of lamotrigine and on the lamotrigine-valproate interaction. METHODS Adults with epilepsy on lamotrigine monotherapy (n = 131) or lamotrigine + valproate treatment (n = 74) were genotyped and steady-state lamotrigine and valproate morning troughs were determined as a part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring. RESULTS No effect of UGT and MDR1/ABCB1 polymorphisms was observed. In the entire cohort, ABCG2 421A allele had no effect however an interaction between the variant allele and valproate was observed: (i) in lamotrigine-only patients, variant allele (vs. wild type homozygosity) was independently (adjustments: age, sex, body mass index, lamotrigine dose, other polymorphisms) associated with mildly lower lamotrigine troughs [geometric means ratio (GMR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.98], whereas in lamotrigine + valproate patients it was associated with higher troughs (GMR = 1.72, 95%CI 1.14-2.62); (ii) valproate cotreatment was overall associated with markedly higher troughs vs. lamotrigine monotherapy (GMR = 3.49, 95%CI 2.73-4.44), but more so in variant allele carriers (GMR = 5.24, 95%CI 3.38-8.15) than in wild type homozygotes (GMR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.89-2.83); (iii) variant allele effects in two treatment subsets and valproate effects in two genotype subsets differed by 2.36-fold (95%CI 1.39-3.67); (iv) increase in lamotrigine troughs associated with increasing valproate troughs was greater in variant allele carriers than in wild type homozygotes, i.e. variant allele effect increased with increasing valproate troughs. CONCLUSION This study is first to indicate a potentially relevant interaction between ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism and valproate in their effects on lamotrigine disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mila Lovrić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Analytical Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Petelin-Gadže
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Neurology, Referral Centre for Epilepsy, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čajić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Neurology, Referral Centre for Epilepsy, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb, Croatia.,University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
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