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Van Der Zwan A, Campbell PT, Shi N, De Bortoli N, Villanueva-Cabezas JP. Systematic review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dairy farmers and consumers towards bovine tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Prev Vet Med 2024; 232:106314. [PMID: 39173212 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a neglected zoonotic disease primarily associated with cattle. The incidence of bTB is highest in low-income settings with high cattle density and unpasteurised dairy consumption. Smallholder dairy farming has steadily grown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited professional support for adequate bTB surveillance and risk mitigation. Several studies have explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of milk value chain stakeholders towards bTB in LMICs, but this evidence has not been collated and synthesised. We conducted a systematic review to determine what is known, believed, and done in relation to bTB among dairy producers and consumers in LMICs. We performed a systematic search of studies in OVID Medline, Scopus and CABI on 11 September 2023. KAP data were summarised using narrative synthesis and forest plots. We retrieved 2763 articles, retaining 51 for the review. Only studies from Africa (n = 38) and Asia (n = 13) met the eligibility criteria. Most populations reported awareness of human tuberculosis and knew it could be treated, but there was limited awareness of bTB and its zoonotic potential. Knowledge of bTB transmission routes and bTB mitigation varied across populations, and risky practices were also variable. Inconsistencies in study design and survey tools suggest some results may have a mid- to high-risk of bias. Awareness of bTB is surprisingly low among African and Asian populations with high bTB exposure risk, possibly due to the long-standing divide between animal and human health messages that has obscured the One Health implications of bTB. Addressing bTB in LMICs requires a structural One Health approach and standard KAP survey tools to adequately explore the socio-cultural, political, and economic processes and drivers favouring bTB spread and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Van Der Zwan
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Campbell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Nancy Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Nikita De Bortoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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2
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Vujevic A, Weld ED. Malaria in pregnancy: Modern approaches-Spotlight commmentary. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39318146 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andro Vujevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ethel D Weld
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Chao-Pellicer J, Delgado-Hernández S, Arberas-Jiménez I, Sifaoui I, Tejedor D, García-Tellado F, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanoacrylamides and 5-Iminopyrrol-2-Ones Against Naegleria fowleri. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3332-3345. [PMID: 39116454 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. The lack of standardized treatment has significantly contributed to the high fatality rates observed in reported cases. Therefore, this study aims to explore the anti-Naegleria activity of eight synthesized cyanoacrylamides and 5-iminopyrrol-2-ones. Notably, QOET-109, QOET-111, QOET-112, and QOET-114 exhibited a higher selectivity index against Naegleria compared to those of the rest of the compounds. Subsequently, these chemicals were assessed against the resistant stage of N. fowleri, demonstrating activity similar to that observed in the vegetative stage. Moreover, characteristic events of programmed cell death were evidenced, including chromatin condensation, increased plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial damage, and heightened oxidative stress, among others. Finally, this research demonstrated the in vitro activity of the cyanoacrylamide and 5-iminopyrrol-2-one molecules, as well as the induction of metabolic event characteristics of regulated cell death in Naegleria fowleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Chao-Pellicer
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38203, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38200, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Samuel Delgado-Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Fco. Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38206, Spain
| | - Iñigo Arberas-Jiménez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38203, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38200, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38203, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38200, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Fco. Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38206, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Fco. Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38206, Spain
| | - José E Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38203, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38200, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38203, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias 38200, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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4
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Wood ND, Smith D, Kinrade SA, Sullivan MT, Rayner CR, Wesche D, Patel K, Rowland-Yeo K. The use of quantitative clinical pharmacology approaches to support moxidectin dosing recommendations in lactation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012351. [PMID: 39102440 PMCID: PMC11326704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Moxidectin is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the treatment of onchocerciasis (river-blindness) due to Onchocerca volvulus in patients aged 12 years and older. In onchocerciasis-endemic areas, mass drug administration (MDA) programs with ivermectin, with or without vector control, aim to control the disease, reduce morbidity, interrupt transmission, and more recently, achieve elimination. Moxidectin has the potential to be used in MDA programs. In countries where onchocerciasis is endemic, infants are often breastfed up to the age of 2 years, suggesting that some women are likely to be lactating during such periodic MDA programs. Quantitative analyses of non-clinical and clinical data using non-compartmental analysis and population based pharmacokinetic (popPK) modeling as well as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) were performed to determine the amount of moxidectin excreted in breast milk and subsequent exposures in the infant. The results of the analyses were similar. Concentrations of moxidectin in breast milk followed a similar pattern to those in plasma, with maximum concentrations occurring approximately 4 hours after dosing followed by a rapid decline in both breast milk and plasma. As early as two days after dosing, concentrations of moxidectin in breast milk were below the threshold for acceptable daily intake levels established by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and FDA for secondary exposures from veterinary use, and below the WHO recommended relative infant dose (RID) safety threshold. The analyses were conducted to support prescribers and policy makers on dosing recommendations for moxidectin in lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan D Wood
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Danelle Smith
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Kinrade
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark T Sullivan
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig R Rayner
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David Wesche
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Hudu SA, Jimoh AO, Adeshina KA, Otalike EG, Tahir A, Hegazy AA. An insight into the Success, Challenges, and Future perspectives of eliminating Neglected tropical disease. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2024; 24:e02165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2024] Open
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6
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Di Bari C, Venkateswaran N, Fastl C, Gabriël S, Grace D, Havelaar AH, Huntington B, Patterson GT, Rushton J, Speybroeck N, Torgerson P, Pigott DM, Devleesschauwer B. The global burden of neglected zoonotic diseases: Current state of evidence. One Health 2023; 17:100595. [PMID: 37545541 PMCID: PMC10400928 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, most of which are classified as "neglected". By affecting both humans and animals, zoonoses pose a dual burden. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) metric quantifies human health burden since it combines mortality and morbidity. This review aims to describe and analyze the current state of evidence on neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) burden and start a discussion on the current understanding of the global burden of NZDs. We identified 26 priority NZDs through consulting three international repositories for national prioritization exercises. A systematic review of global and national burden of disease (BoD) studies was conducted using pre-selected databases. Data on diseases, location and DALYs were extracted for each eligible study. A total of 1887 records were screened, resulting in 74 eligible studies. The highest number of BoD was found for non-typhoidal salmonellosis (23), whereas no estimates were found for West Nile, Marburg and Lassa fever. Geographically, the highest number of studies was performed in the Netherlands (11), China (5) and Iran (4). The number of BoD retrieved mismatched the perceived importance in national prioritization exercises. For example, anthrax was considered a priority NZD in 65 countries; however, only one national study estimating BoD was retrieved. By summing the available global estimates, the selected NZDs caused at least 21 million DALYs per year, a similar order of magnitude to (but less than) the burden due to foodborne disease (included in the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group). The global burden of disease landscape of NZDs remains scattered. There are several priority NZDs for which no burden estimates exist, and the number of BoD studies does not reflect national disease priorities. To have complete and consistent estimates of the global burden of NZDs, these diseases should be integrated in larger global burden of disease initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Di Bari
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Narmada Venkateswaran
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christina Fastl
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Delia Grace
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
- Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arie H. Havelaar
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Emerging Pathogens Institute and Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Ben Huntington
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
- Pengwern Animal Health Ltd, 259 Wallasey Village, Wallasey Wirral, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Grace T. Patterson
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Insititute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Paul Torgerson
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M. Pigott
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- GBADs programme, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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7
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Lourenço EMG, da Silva F, das Neves AR, Bonfá IS, Ferreira AMT, Menezes ACG, da Silva MEC, Dos Santos JT, Martines MAU, Perdomo RT, Toffoli-Kadri MC, G Barbosa E, Saba S, Beatriz A, Rafique J, de Arruda CCP, de Lima DP. Investigation of the Potential Targets behind the Promising and Highly Selective Antileishmanial Action of Synthetic Flavonoid Derivatives. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2048-2061. [PMID: 37772925 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are among the neglected tropical diseases that still cause devastating health, social, and economic consequences to more than 350 million people worldwide. Despite efforts to combat these vector-borne diseases, their incidence does not decrease. Meanwhile, current antileishmanial drugs are old and highly toxic, and safer presentations are unaffordable to the most severely affected human populations. In a previous study by our research group, we synthesized 17 flavonoid derivatives that demonstrated impressive inhibition capacity against rCPB2.8, rCPB3, and rH84Y. These cysteine proteases are highly expressed in the amastigote stage, the target form of the parasite. However, although these compounds have been already described in the literature, until now, the amastigote effect of any of these molecules has not been proven. In this work, we aimed to deeply analyze the antileishmanial action of this set of synthetic flavonoid derivatives by correlating their ability to inhibit cysteine proteases with the action against the parasite. Among all the synthesized flavonoid derivatives, 11 of them showed high activity against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, also providing safety to mammalian host cells. Furthermore, the high production of nitric oxide by infected cells treated with the most active cysteine protease B (CPB) inhibitors confirms a potential immunomodulatory response of macrophages. Besides, considering flavonoids as multitarget drugs, we also investigated other potential antileishmanial mechanisms. The most active compounds were selected to investigate another potential biological pathway behind their antileishmanial action using flow cytometry analysis. The results confirmed an oxidative stress after 48 h of treatment. These data represent an important step toward the validation of CPB as an antileishmanial target, as well as aiding in new drug discovery studies based on this protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela M G Lourenço
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Amarith R das Neves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Iluska S Bonfá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Inflamação, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Alda Maria T Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Adriana C G Menezes
- Biotério Central, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Maria E C da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica T Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Marco A U Martines
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Renata T Perdomo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Cultura de Células, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Mônica C Toffoli-Kadri
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Inflamação, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Euzébio G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Computacional, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Laboratório de Síntese Sustentável e Organocalcogênio - LabSO, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900 GO, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Síntese Sustentável e Organocalcogênio - LabSO, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900 GO, Brazil
| | - Carla C P de Arruda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Dênis P de Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformação de Moléculas Orgânicas -SINTMOL, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, Campo Grande, 79074-460 MS, Brazil
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8
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Sousa JPAD, Sousa JMSD, Rodrigues RRL, Nunes TADL, Machado YAA, Araujo ACD, da Silva IGM, Barros-Cordeiro KB, Báo SN, Alves MMDM, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Rodrigues KADF. Antileishmanial activity of 2-amino-thiophene derivative SB-200. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110750. [PMID: 37536181 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, presenting the highest number of cases worldwide is one of the most serious Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Clinical manifestations are intrinsically related to the host's immune response making immunomodulatory substances the target of numerous studies on antileishmanial activity. The currently available drugs used for treatment present various problems including high toxicity, low efficacy, and associated drug resistance. The search for therapeutic alternatives is urgent, and in this context, thiophene derivatives appear to be a promising therapeutic alternative (many have shown promising anti-leishmanial activity). The objective of this study was to investigate the antileishmanial activity of the 2-amino-thiophenic derivative SB-200. The thiophenic derivative was effective in inhibiting the growth of Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania major, and Leishmania infantum promastigotes, obtaining respective IC50 values of 4.25 μM, 4.65 μM, and 3.96 μM. For L. infantum, it was demonstrated that the antipromastigote effect of SB-200 is associated with cell membrane integrity losses, and with morphological changes observed during scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was performed for J774.A1 macrophages and VERO cells, to obtain a CC50 of 42.52 μM and a SI of 10.74 for macrophages and a CC50 of 39.2 μM and an SI of 9.89 for VERO cells. The anti-amastigote activity of SB-200 revealed an IC50 of 2.85 μM and an SI of 14.97 against macrophages and SI of 13.8 for VERO cells. The anti-amastigote activity of SB-200 is associated with in vitro immunomodulation. For acute toxicity, SB-200 against Zophobas morio larvae permitted 100% survival. We conclude that the 2-amino-thiophenic derivative SB-200 is a promising candidate for in vivo anti-leishmania drug tests to evaluate its activity, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Araujo de Sousa
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Julyanne Maria Saraiva de Sousa
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Thais Amanda de Lima Nunes
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Yasmim Alves Aires Machado
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Carvalho de Araujo
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - Ingrid Gracielle Martins da Silva
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karine Brenda Barros-Cordeiro
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves
- Laboratory of Antileishmania Activity, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
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