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Peng H, Ouyang L, Li D, Li Z, Yuan L, Fan L, Liao A, Li J, Wei Y, Yang Z, Ma X, Chen X, He Y. Short-chain fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia and ultra-high risk population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:977538. [PMID: 36578297 PMCID: PMC9790925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who experience the prodromal phase of schizophrenia (SCZ), a common and complex psychiatric disorder, are referred to as ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is imperative in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and brain function. Accumulating amount of evidence shows the connections between psychiatric disorders and SCFAs. This study aims to explore the underlying roles SCFAs play in SCZ by investigating the association of alterations in SCFAs concentrations with common cognitive functions in both the SCZ and UHR populations. METHODS The study recruited 59 SCZ patients (including 15 participants converted from the UHR group), 51 UHR participants, and 40 healthy controls (HC) within a complete follow-up of 2 years. Results of cognitive functions, which were assessed by utilizing HVLT-R and TMT, and serum concentrations of SCFAs were obtained for all participants and for UHR individuals at the time of their conversion to SCZ. RESULTS Fifteen UHR participants converted to SCZ within a 2-year follow-up. Valeric acid concentration levels were lower in both the baseline of UHR individuals whom later converted to SCZ (p = 0.046) and SCZ patients (p = 0.036) than the HC group. Additionally, there were lower concentrations of caproic acid in the baseline of UHR individuals whom later transitioned to SCZ (p = 0.019) and the UHR group (p = 0.016) than the HC group. Furthermore, the caproic acid levels in the UHR group are significantly positively correlated with immediate memory (r = 0.355, p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with TMT-B (r = -0.366, p = 0.009). Significant differences in levels of acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were absent among the three groups and in UHR individuals before and after transition to SCZ. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that alterations in concentrations of SCFAs may be associated with the pathogenesis and the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Further researches are warranted to explore this association. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisen Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang X, Qu M, Li Z, Long Y, Hong K, Li H. Valproic acid promotes the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into spermatogonial stem cell-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:553. [PMID: 34715904 PMCID: PMC8555208 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying human germ cell development and male infertility is heavily relied on mouse models. In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into spermatogonial stem cell-like cells (SSCLCs) can be used as a model to study human germ cells and infertility. The current study aimed to develop the SSCLC induction protocol and assess the effects of the developed protocol on SSCLC induction. Methods We examined the effects of valproic acid (VPA), vitamin C (VC) and the combination of VPA and VC on the SSCLC induction efficiency and determined the expression of spermatogonial genes of differentiated cells. Haploid cells and cells expressed meiotic genes were also detected. RNA-seq analysis was performed to compare the transcriptome between cells at 0 and 12 days of differentiation and differently expressed genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. We further evaluated the alteration in histone marks (H3K9ac and H3K27me3) at 12 days of differentiation. Moreover, the SSCLC induction efficiency of two hiPSC lines of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients was assessed using different induction protocols. Results The combination of low concentrations of VPA and VC in the induction medium was most effective to induce SSCLCs expressing several spermatogonial genes from human pluripotent stem cells at 12 days of differentiation. The high concentration of VPA was more effective to induce cells expressing meiotic genes and haploid cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the induction of SSCLC involved the upregulated genes in Wnt signaling pathway, and cells at 12 days of differentiation showed increased H3K9ac and decreased H3K27me3. Additionally, two hiPSC lines of NOA patients showed low SSCLC induction efficiency and decreased expression of genes in Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusions VPA robustly promoted the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into SSCLCs, which involved the upregulated genes in Wnt signaling pathway and epigenetic changes. hiPSCs from NOA patients showed decreased SSCLC induction efficiency and Wnt signaling pathway gene expression, suggesting that SSC depletion in azoospermia testes might be associated with inactivation of Wnt signaling pathway. Our developed SSCLC induction protocol provides a reliable tool and model to study human germ cell development and male infertility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02621-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengyuan Qu
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zili Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuting Long
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Hospital, Wuhan, 430013, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Hospital, Wuhan, 430013, China.
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Abu-Hijleh FA, Prashar S, Joshi H, Sharma R, Frey BN, Mishra RK. Novel mechanism of action for the mood stabilizer lithium. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:76-83. [PMID: 33037686 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with a decrease in cellular resilience. Despite the half a century old discovery of lithium's efficacy for the treatment of BD, its exact mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating data suggest that lithium's cytoprotective properties involve the modulation of several UPR proteins, such as GRP78. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein that regulates proteostasis through directly interacting with GRP78. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lithium increases MANF expression using cellular and rodent models and, if so, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of action. PROCEDURE Mouse striatal neuroblasts were treated with PBS, lithium, or lithium + Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitor for 24-72 hours. Once cells were harvested, mRNA was extracted. In vivo experiments included, intraperitoneal injections of lithium or saline to male Sprague Dawley rats twice daily for 14 consecutive days. Following drug treatment, brain tissue was isolated, and mRNA was extracted from various regions. MANF gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR. RESULTS In vitro studies showed lithium-treated cells displayed a significant increase in MANF mRNA expression compared to controls. In contrast, cells treated with lithium and AP-1 inhibitor showed no increase in expression. Similarly, in vivo studies revealed that lithium-treated rats compared to controls had a significant increase in MANF expression in the PFC and striatum. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that lithium's therapeutic mechanism involves the maintenance of ER homeostasis via increased MANF gene expression mediated by the AP-1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed A Abu-Hijleh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shreya Prashar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hetshree Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roohie Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ram K Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Shukla S, Tekwani BL. Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection and Neuronal Differentiation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 32390854 PMCID: PMC7194116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HADC) are the enzymes that remove acetyl group from lysine residue of histones and non-histone proteins and regulate the process of transcription by binding to transcription factors and regulating fundamental cellular process such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. In neurodegenerative diseases, the histone acetylation homeostasis is greatly impaired, shifting towards a state of hypoacetylation. The histone hyperacetylation produced by direct inhibition of HDACs leads to neuroprotective actions. This review attempts to elaborate on role of small molecule inhibitors of HDACs on neuronal differentiation and throws light on the potential of HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The role of HDACs in neuronal cellular and disease models and their modulation with HDAC inhibitors are also discussed. Significance of these HDAC inhibitors has been reviewed on the process of neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection regarding their potential therapeutic application for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Baharvand Z, Nabiuni M, Tahmaseb M, Amini E, Pandamooz S. Investigating the synergic effects of valproic acid and crocin on BDNF and GDNF expression in epidermal neural crest stem cells. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Golubinskaya PA, Sarycheva MV, Burda SY, Puzanov MV, Nadezhdina NA, Kulikovskiy VF, Nadezhdin SV, Korokin MV, Burda YE. Pharmacological modulation of cell functional activity with valproic acid and erythropoietin. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.34710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Valproic acid (VA) is carboxylic acid with a branched chain, which is used as an antiepileptic drug.
Valproic acid influence on cells in vivo: VA, which is an antiepileptic drug, is also a teratogen, which causes defects of a neural tube and an axial skeleton, although the mechanisms are not yet fully clear.
Valproic acid influence on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro: It is shown that valproic acid reduces the intracellular level of oxygen active forms.
Valproic acid effect on tumor cells: VA inhibits tumor growth through several mechanisms, including the cell cycle stop, differentiation induction and inhibition of growth of tumor vessels.
Valproic acid influence on enzymes: It affects mainly GSK-3.
Valproic acid influence on animals’ cells: It is shown that VA can significantly improve an ability to develop in vitro and improve nuclear reprogramming of embryos.
Erythropoietin (EPO): Is an hypoxia-induced hormone and a cytokine, which is necessary for normal erythropoiesis. EPO is widely used in in vitro experiments.
Conclusion: Thus, the influence of VA and EPO on cells can be used in cell technologies.
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Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Safari A, Azarpira N, Heravi M, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Enhancing the expression of neurotrophic factors in epidermal neural crest stem cells by valproic acid: A potential candidate for combinatorial treatment. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:8-14. [PMID: 30904572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective delivery of trophic factors to cure neurological disorders and traumatic injuries is a major challenge. With promising therapeutic effects of epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) in preclinical spinal cord injury, there is an implication that these stem cells might provide supportive role through releasing various trophic agents. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the influence of valproic acid (VPA), a well-known histone deacetylases inhibitor, on mRNA expression of selected trophic factors. In this study, following stem cell migration from explanted hair bulges, immunostaining against Nestin, SOX-10, DCX, β-III tubulin and GFAP was carried out. Then, cells were treated with various clinically relevant concentrations of VPA and the survival rate was defined by MTT assay. Finally, stem cells were treated with 0.1 and 1 mM VPA and the drug impact on the transcription level of BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, NGF and NT3 at 6, 24, 72, 168 h was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The examined proteins expressions in the population of migrated cells confirmed the identity of stem cells as EPI-NCSCs. In addition, MTT assay showed that all three tested concentrations of VPA were suitable to treat these cells. Trophic factors assessment, following treatment revealed the mRNA expression level of BDNF, GDNF and VEGF could be significantly up- regulated at various time points, mainly by 1 mM VPA. However, NGF and NT3 transcripts were enhanced at few limited time points. Our findings showed that EPI-NCSCs due to secretion of various trophic factors are potential candidate to deliver the required trophic agents and their potential can be enhanced by 1 mM VPA, predominantly following 168 h treatment. Hence, these cells can be utilized to modulate destructive context of neurological disorders and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Heravi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19615-1178, Velenjak, Iran.
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Joshi H, Sharma R, Prashar S, Ho J, Thomson S, Mishra R. Differential Expression of Synapsin I and II upon Treatment by Lithium and Valproic Acid in Various Brain Regions. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:616-622. [PMID: 29618019 PMCID: PMC6007270 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric illnesses and overlapping mechanisms, patients with psychosis are differentially responsive to pharmaceutical drugs. In addition to having therapeutic effects for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers have many clinical applications and are used unconventionally due to their direct and indirect effects on neurotransmitters. Synapsins, a family of neuronal phosphoproteins, play a key regulatory role in neurotransmitter release at synapses. In this study, we investigated the effects of mood stabilizers, lithium, and valproic acid on synapsin gene expression in the rat brain. METHODS Intraperitoneal injections of saline, lithium, and valproic acid were administered to male Sprague Dawley rats twice daily for 14 d, corresponding to their treatment group. Following decapitation and brain tissue isolation, mRNA was extracted from various brain regions including the hippocampus, striatum, prefrontal cortex, and frontal cortex. RESULTS Biochemical analysis revealed that lithium significantly increased gene expression of synapsin I in the striatum, synapsin IIa in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and synapsin IIb in the hippocampus and striatum. Valproic acid significantly increased synapsin IIa in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as synapsin IIb in the hippocampus and striatum. CONCLUSION These significant changes in synapsin I and II expression may implicate a common transcription factor, early growth response 1, in its mechanistic pathway. Overall, these results elucidate mechanisms through which lithium and valproic acid act on downstream targets compared with antipsychotics and provide deeper insight on the involvement of synaptic proteins in treating neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetshree Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roohie Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreya Prashar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joella Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Thomson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ram Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence: Ram K. Mishra, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W. Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada ()
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Green AL, Zhan L, Eid A, Zarbl H, Guo GL, Richardson JR. Valproate increases dopamine transporter expression through histone acetylation and enhanced promoter binding of Nurr1. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:189-196. [PMID: 28743636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the key regulator of dopaminergic transmission and is a target of several xenobiotics, including pesticides and pharmacological agents. Previously, we identified a prominent role for histone deacetylases in the regulation of DAT expression. Here, we utilized a rat dopaminergic cell line (N27) to probe the responsiveness of DAT mRNA expression to inhibitors of histone acetylation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by valproate, butyrate and Trichostatin A led to a 3-10-fold increase in DAT mRNA expression, a 50% increase in protein levels, which were accompanied by increased H3 acetylation levels. To confirm the mechanism of valproate-mediated increase in DAT mRNA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used and demonstrated a significant increase in enrichment of acetylation of histone 3 on lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9/K14ac) in the DAT promoter. Expression of Nurr1 and Pitx3, key regulators of DAT expression, were increased following valproate treatment and Nurr1 binding was enriched in the DAT promoter. Together, these results indicate that histone acetylation and subsequent enhancement of transcription factor binding are plausible mechanisms for DAT regulation by valproate and, perhaps, by other xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Green
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Le Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Coskun E, Ercin M, Gezginci‐Oktayoglu S. The Role of Epigenetic Regulation and Pluripotency‐Related MicroRNAs in Differentiation of Pancreatic Stem Cells to Beta Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:455-467. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ediz Coskun
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
| | - Merve Ercin
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
| | - Selda Gezginci‐Oktayoglu
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
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Tang T, Li Y, Jiao Q, Du X, Jiang H. Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:568-575. [PMID: 28337696 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Many NTFs have been reported to enhance the survival, regeneration, and differentiation of neurons and to induce synaptic plasticity. However, because of their potential side-effects and low efficacy after clinical administration, more potent treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are being sought. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), a newly-identified NTF homologous to mesencephalic astrocyte-derived NTF, is structurally and functionally different from other NTFs, providing new hope especially for PD patients. In various animal models of PD, CDNF is efficient in protecting and repairing dopaminergic neurons, and it inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Recent progress in all facets of CDNF research has enabled researchers to better understand its beneficial effects in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Lu L, Zhou H, Pan B, Li X, Fu Z, Liu J, Shi Z, Chu T, Wei Z, Ning G, Feng S. c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase is Involved in Valproic Acid-Mediated Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic NSCs and Neurite Outgrowth of NSC-Derived Neurons. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1254-1266. [PMID: 28321599 PMCID: PMC5375971 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, can induce neuronal differentiation, promote neurite extension and exert a neuroprotective effect in central nervous system (CNS) injuries; however, comparatively little is known regarding its action on mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Recent studies suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is required for neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation during neuronal development. In the present study, we cultured mouse embryonic NSCs and treated the cells with 1 mM VPA for up to 7 days. The results indicate that VPA promotes the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic NSCs and neurite outgrowth of NSC-derived neurons; moreover, VPA induces the phosphorylation of c-Jun by JNK. In contrast, the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 decreased the VPA-stimulated increase in neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic NSCs and neurite outgrowth of NSC-derived neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that VPA promotes neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic NSCs and neurite outgrowth of NSC-derived neurons. Moreover, JNK activation is involved in the effects of VPA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianci Chu
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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Pfaffenseller B, da Silva Magalhães PV, De Bastiani MA, Castro MAA, Gallitano AL, Kapczinski F, Klamt F. Differential expression of transcriptional regulatory units in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder: potential role of early growth response gene 3. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e805. [PMID: 27163206 PMCID: PMC5070056 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Despite its high degree of heritability, current genetic studies have failed to reveal individual loci of large effect size. In lieu of focusing on individual genes, we investigated regulatory units (regulons) in BD to identify candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulate large groups of differentially expressed genes. Network-based approaches should elucidate the molecular pathways governing the pathophysiology of BD and reveal targets for potential therapeutic intervention. The data from a large-scale microarray study was used to reconstruct the transcriptional associations in the human prefrontal cortex, and results from two independent microarray data sets to obtain BD gene signatures. The regulatory network was derived by mapping the significant interactions between known TFs and all potential targets. Five regulons were identified in both transcriptional network models: early growth response 3 (EGR3), TSC22 domain family, member 4 (TSC22D4), interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2), Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) and MAP-kinase-activating death domain (MADD). With a high stringency threshold, the consensus across tests was achieved only for the EGR3 regulon. We identified EGR3 in the prefrontal cortex as a potential key target, robustly repressed in both BD signatures. Considering that EGR3 translates environmental stimuli into long-term changes in the brain, disruption in biological pathways involving EGR3 may induce an impaired response to stress and influence on risk for psychiatric disorders, particularly BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pfaffenseller
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P V da Silva Magalhães
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre 90035 903, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - M A De Bastiani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M A A Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A L Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - F Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Schulpen SHW, de Jong E, de la Fonteyne LJJ, de Klerk A, Piersma AH. Distinct gene expression responses of two anticonvulsant drugs in a novel human embryonic stem cell based neural differentiation assay protocol. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:449-57. [PMID: 25524013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hazard assessment of chemicals and pharmaceuticals is increasingly gaining from knowledge about molecular mechanisms of toxic action acquired in dedicated in vitro assays. We have developed an efficient human embryonic stem cell neural differentiation test (hESTn) that allows the study of the molecular interaction of compounds with the neural differentiation process. Within the 11-day differentiation protocol of the assay, embryonic stem cells lost their pluripotency, evidenced by the reduced expression of stem cell markers Pou5F1 and Nanog. Moreover, stem cells differentiated into neural cells, with morphologically visible neural structures together with increased expression of neural differentiation-related genes such as βIII-tubulin, Map2, Neurogin1, Mapt and Reelin. Valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) exposure during hESTn differentiation led to concentration-dependent reduced expression of βIII-tubulin, Neurogin1 and Reelin. In parallel VPA caused an increased gene expression of Map2 and Mapt which is possibly related to the neural protective effect of VPA. These findings illustrate the added value of gene expression analysis for detecting compound specific effects in hESTn. Our findings were in line with and could explain effects observed in animal studies. This study demonstrates the potential of this assay protocol for mechanistic analysis of specific compound-induced inhibition of human neural cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors H W Schulpen
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther de Jong
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liset J J de la Fonteyne
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arja de Klerk
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abdanipour A, Schluesener HJ, Tiraihi T, Noori-Zadeh A. Systemic administration of valproic acid stimulates overexpression of microtubule-associated protein 2 in the spinal cord injury model to promote neurite outgrowth. Neurol Res 2014; 37:223-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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