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Ayon-Olivas M, Wolf D, Andreska T, Granado N, Lüningschrör P, Ip CW, Moratalla R, Sendtner M. Dopaminergic Input Regulates the Sensitivity of Indirect Pathway Striatal Spiny Neurons to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37887070 PMCID: PMC10604681 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely linked to the dopaminergic depletion of striatal neurons and altered synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. Dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) stimulation is a crucial step in the formation of long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) stimulation is needed for the formation of long-term depression (LTD) in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and its ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are centrally involved in plasticity regulation at the corticostriatal synapses. DRD1 activation enhances TrkB's sensitivity for BDNF in direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs). In this study, we showed that the activation of DRD2 in cultured striatal indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and cholinergic interneurons causes the retraction of TrkB from the plasma membrane. This provides an explanation for the opposing synaptic plasticity changes observed upon DRD1 or DRD2 stimulation. In addition, TrkB was found within intracellular structures in dSPNs and iSPNs from Pitx3-/- mice, a genetic model of PD with early onset dopaminergic depletion in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). This dysregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology of direct and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilyn Ayon-Olivas
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Noelia Granado
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
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2
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Green AL, Eid A, Zhan L, Zarbl H, Guo GL, Richardson JR. Epigenetic Regulation of the Ontogenic Expression of the Dopamine Transporter. Front Genet 2019; 10:1099. [PMID: 31749842 PMCID: PMC6844290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane transport protein responsible for regulating the duration and intensity of dopaminergic signaling. Altered expression of DAT is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, and is shown to contribute to the response of psychotropic drugs and neurotoxicants. Although the postnatal levels of DAT have been characterized, there are few data regarding the mechanisms that regulate postnatal DAT expression. Here, we examine the ontogeny of DAT mRNA from postnatal days 0 to 182 in the rat brain and define a role for epigenetic mechanisms regulating DAT expression. DAT mRNA and protein significantly increased between PND 0 and 6 months in rat midbrain and striatum, respectively. The epigenetic modifiers Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Hdac2 demonstrated age associated decreases in mRNA expression whereas Hdac5 and Hdac8 showed increased mRNA expression with age. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed increased protein enrichment of acetylated histone 3 at lysines 9 and 14 and the dopaminergic transcription factors Nurr1 and Pitx3 within the DAT promoter in an age-related manner. Together these studies provide evidence for the role of epigenetic modifications in the regulation of DAT during development. The identification of these mechanisms may contribute to potential therapeutic interventions aimed at neurodevelopmental disorders of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Green
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Le Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jason R. Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Jason R. Richardson,
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Blanco-Lezcano L, Alberti-Amador E, González-Fraguela ME, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Jiménez-Luna NA, Serrano-Sánchez T, Francis-Turner L, Camejo-Rodriguez D, Vega-Hurtado Y. Nurr1, Pitx3, and α7 nAChRs mRNA Expression in Nigral Tissue of Rats with Pedunculopontine Neurotoxic Lesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100616. [PMID: 31547185 PMCID: PMC6843810 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The knowledge that the cholinergic neurons from pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are vulnerable to the degeneration in early stages of the Parkinson disease progression has opened new perspectives to the development of experimental model focused in pontine lesions that could increase the risk of nigral degeneration. In this context it is known that PPN lesioned rats exhibit early changes in the gene expression of proteins responsible for dopaminergic homeostasis. At the same time, it is known that nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) mediate the excitatory influence of pontine-nigral projection. However, the effect of PPN injury on the expression of transcription factors that modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission in the adult brain as well as the α7 nAChRs gene expression has not been studied. The main objective of the present work was the study of the effects of the unilateral neurotoxic lesion of PPN in nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1), paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (Pitx3), and α7 nAChRs mRNA expression in nigral tissue. Materials and Methods: The molecular biology studies were performed by means of RT-PCR. The following experimental groups were organized: Non-treated rats, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-lesioned rats, and Sham operated rats. Experimental subjects were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h and seven days after PPN lesion. Results: Nurr1 mRNA expression, showed a significant increase both 24 h (p < 0.001) and 48 h (p < 0.01) after PPN injury. Pitx3 mRNA expression evidenced a significant increase 24 h (p < 0.001) followed by a significant decrease 48 h and seven days after PPN lesion (p < 0.01). Finally, the α7 nAChRs nigral mRNA expression remained significantly diminished 24 h, 48 h (p < 0.001), and 7 days (p < 0.01) after PPN neurotoxic injury. Conclusion: Taking together these modifications could represent early warning signals and could be the preamble to nigral neurodegeneration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Blanco-Lezcano
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +53-7-271-6385 (ext. 219)
| | - Esteban Alberti-Amador
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - María Elena González-Fraguela
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | | | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Querétaro 76176, Mexico; (G.Z.-L.d.L.); (R.M.P.-S.); (N.A.J.-L.)
| | - Nadia Angélica Jiménez-Luna
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Querétaro 76176, Mexico; (G.Z.-L.d.L.); (R.M.P.-S.); (N.A.J.-L.)
| | - Teresa Serrano-Sánchez
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - Liliana Francis-Turner
- Experimental Group: “Experimental Models for Zoo-Human Sciences”, Faculty of Sciences, Tolima University, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Dianet Camejo-Rodriguez
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - Yamilé Vega-Hurtado
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
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Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Aliaghaei A, Maghsoudi N, Gardaneh M. Complementation of dopaminergic signaling by Pitx3-GDNF synergy induces dopamine secretion by multipotent Ntera2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:200-212. [PMID: 31310388 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human teratocarcinoma cell line Ntera2 (NT2) expresses dopamine signals and has shown its safe profile for clinical applications. Attempts to restore complete dopaminergic (DAergic) phenotype enabling these cells to secrete dopamine have not been fully successful so far. We applied a blend of gene transfer techniques and a defined medium to convert NT2 cells to fully DAergic. The cells were primarily engineered to overexpress the Pitx3 gene product and then cultured in a growth medium supplemented with knockout serum and retinoic acid to form embroid bodies (EBs). Trypsinization of EB colonies produced single cells ready for differentiation. Neuronal/DAergic induction was promoted by applying conditioned medium taken from engineered human astrocytomas over-secreting glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Immunocytochemistry, reverse-transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed significantly induced expression of molecules involved in dopamine signaling and metabolism including tyrosine hydroxylase, Nurr1, dopamine transporter, and aromatic acid decarboxylase. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated release of dopamine only from a class of fully differentiated cells expressing Pitx3 and exposed to GDNF. In addition, Pitx3 and GDNF additively promoted in vitro neuroprotection against Parkinsonian toxin. One month after transplantation to the striatum of 6-OHDA-leasioned rats, differentiated NT2 cells survived and induced significant increase in striatal volume. Besides, cell implantation improved motor coordination in Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models. Our findings highlight the importance of Pitx3-GDNF interplay in dopamine signaling and indicate that our strategy might be useful for the restoration of DAergic fate of NT2 cells to make them clinically applicable toward cell replacement therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mossa Gardaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Shi W, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Wang S, Zhang G, Ma C, Cong B, Li Y. Dysregulation of Dopaminergic Regulatory Factors TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3 in the Ventral Tegmental Area Associated with Neuronal Injury Induced by Chronic Morphine Dependence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E250. [PMID: 30634592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical portion of the mesencephalic dopamine system, is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. It has been proposed that the dopaminergic regulatory factors TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3 are crucial for determining the survival and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the present study investigated whether abnormalities in these dopaminergic regulatory factors in the VTA were associated with neuronal injury induced by chronic morphine dependence. Rat models with different durations of morphine dependence were established. Thionine staining was used to observe morphological changes in the VTA neurons. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to observe changes in the expression of the dopaminergic regulatory proteins TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3. Thionine staining revealed that prolonged morphine dependence resulted in dopaminergic neurons with edema, a lack of Nissl bodies, and pyknosis. Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of TH⁺, Nurr1⁺, and Pitx3⁺ cells, and the number of TH⁺ cells expressing Nurr1 or Pitx3, significantly decreased in the VTA after a long period of morphine dependence. Western blot results were consistent with the immunohistochemistry findings. Chronic morphine exposure resulted in abnormalities in dopaminergic regulatory factors and pathological changes in dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. These results suggest that dysregulation of dopaminergic regulatory factors in the VTA are associated with neuronal injury induced by chronic morphine dependence.
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6
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Zenchak JR, Palmateer B, Dorka N, Brown TM, Wagner LM, Medendorp WE, Petersen ED, Prakash M, Hochgeschwender U. Bioluminescence-driven optogenetic activation of transplanted neural precursor cells improves motor deficits in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:458-468. [PMID: 29577367 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The need to develop efficient therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is urgent, especially given the increasing percentages of the population living longer, with increasing chances of being afflicted with conditions like Parkinson's disease (PD). A promising curative approach toward PD and other neurodegenerative diseases is the transplantation of stem cells to halt and potentially reverse neuronal degeneration. However, stem cell therapy does not consistently lead to improvement for patients. Using remote stimulation to optogenetically activate transplanted cells, we attempted to improve behavioral outcomes of stem cell transplantation. We generated a neuronal precursor cell line expressing luminopsin 3 (LMO3), a luciferase-channelrhodopsin fusion protein, which responds to the luciferase substrate coelenterazine (CTZ) with emission of blue light that in turn activates the opsin. Neuronal precursor cells were injected bilaterally into the striatum of homozygous aphakia mice, which carry a spontaneous mutation leading to lack of dopaminergic neurons and symptoms of PD. Following transplantation, the cells were stimulated over a period of 10 days by intraventricular injections of CTZ. Mice receiving CTZ demonstrated significantly improved motor skills in a rotarod test compared to mice receiving vehicle. Thus, bioluminescent optogenetic stimulation of transplanted neuronal precursor cells shows promising effects in improving locomotor behavior in the aphakia PD mouse model and encourages further studies to elucidate the mechanisms and long-term outcomes of these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Zenchak
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Brandon Palmateer
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Nicolai Dorka
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Tariq M Brown
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Lina-Marie Wagner
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | | | - Eric D Petersen
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Mansi Prakash
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
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7
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Chen J, Kang XY, Tang CX, Gao DS. Impact of Pitx3 gene knockdown on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor transcriptional activity in dopaminergic neurons. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1347-1351. [PMID: 28966651 PMCID: PMC5607831 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitx3 is strongly associated with the phenotype, differentiation, and survival of dopaminergic neurons. The relationship between Pitx3 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in dopaminergic neurons remains poorly understood. The present investigation sought to construct and screen a lentivirus expression plasmid carrying a rat Pitx3 short hairpin (sh)RNA and to assess the impact of Pitx3 gene knockdown on GDNF transcriptional activity in MES23.5 dopaminergic neurons. Three pairs of interference sequences were designed and separately ligated into GV102 expression vectors. These recombinant plasmids were transfected into MES23.5 cells and western blot assays were performed to detect Pitx3 protein expression. Finally, the most effective Pitx3 shRNA and a dual-luciferase reporter gene plasmid carrying the GDNF promoter region (GDNF-luciferase) were cotransfected into MES23.5 cells. Sequencing showed that the synthesized sequences were identical to the three Pitx3 interference sequences. Inverted fluorescence microscopy revealed that the lentivirus expression plasmids carrying Pitx3-shRNA had 40–50% transfection efficiency. Western blot assay confirmed that the corresponding Pitx3 of the third knockdown sequence had the lowest expression level. Dual-luciferase reporter gene results showed that the GDNF transcriptional activity in dopaminergic cells cotransfected with both plasmids was decreased compared with those transfected with GDNF-luciferase alone. Together, the results showed that the designed Pitx3-shRNA interference sequence decreased Pitx3 protein expression, which decreased GDNF transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Experiment Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Kang
- Teaching and Research Section of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Tang
- Teaching and Research Section of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Teaching and Research Section of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Brandt MD, Krüger-Gerlach D, Hermann A, Meyer AK, Kim KS, Storch A. Early Postnatal but Not Late Adult Neurogenesis Is Impaired in the Pitx3-Mutant Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:471. [PMID: 28883785 PMCID: PMC5573808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons in the adult dentate gyrus has functional implications for hippocampal formation. Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis has been described in various animal models of hippocampal dysfunction such as dementia and depression, which are both common non-motor-symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). As dopamine plays an important role in regulating precursor cell proliferation, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in PD may be related to the reduced neurogenesis observed in the neurogenic regions of the adult brain: subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG). Here we examined adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the Pitx3-mutant mouse model of PD (aphakia mice), which phenotypically shows a selective embryonic degeneration of dopamine neurons within the SN and to a smaller extent in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Proliferating cells were labeled with BrdU in aphakia mice and healthy controls from 3 to 42 weeks of age. Three weeks old mutant mice showed an 18% reduction of proliferating cells in the DG and of 26% in the SVZ. Not only proliferation but also the number of new neurons was impaired in young aphakia mice resulting in 33% less newborn cells 4 weeks after BrdU-labeling. Remarkably, however, the decline in the number of proliferating cells in the neurogenic regions vanished in older animals (8–42 weeks) indicating that aging masks the effect of dopamine depletion on adult neurogenesis. Region specific reduction in precursor cells proliferation correlated with the extent of dopaminergic degeneration in mesencephalic subregions (VTA and SN), which supports the theory of age- and region-dependent regulatory effects of dopaminergic projections. Physiological stimulation of adult neurogenesis by physical activity (wheel running) almost doubled the number of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus of 8 weeks old aphakia mice to a number comparable to that of wild-type mice, abolishing the slight reduction of baseline neurogenesis at this age. The described age-dependent susceptibility of adult neurogenesis to PD-like dopaminergic degeneration and its responsiveness to physical activity might have implications for the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz D Brandt
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DresdenDresden, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DresdenDresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Anne K Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBelmont, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Storch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases RostockRostock, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of RostockRostock, Germany
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Green AL, Zhan L, Eid A, Zarbl H, Guo GL, Richardson JR. Valproate increases dopamine transporter expression through histone acetylation and enhanced promoter binding of Nurr1. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:189-196. [PMID: 28743636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the key regulator of dopaminergic transmission and is a target of several xenobiotics, including pesticides and pharmacological agents. Previously, we identified a prominent role for histone deacetylases in the regulation of DAT expression. Here, we utilized a rat dopaminergic cell line (N27) to probe the responsiveness of DAT mRNA expression to inhibitors of histone acetylation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by valproate, butyrate and Trichostatin A led to a 3-10-fold increase in DAT mRNA expression, a 50% increase in protein levels, which were accompanied by increased H3 acetylation levels. To confirm the mechanism of valproate-mediated increase in DAT mRNA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used and demonstrated a significant increase in enrichment of acetylation of histone 3 on lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9/K14ac) in the DAT promoter. Expression of Nurr1 and Pitx3, key regulators of DAT expression, were increased following valproate treatment and Nurr1 binding was enriched in the DAT promoter. Together, these results indicate that histone acetylation and subsequent enhancement of transcription factor binding are plausible mechanisms for DAT regulation by valproate and, perhaps, by other xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Green
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Le Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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10
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Salemi S, Baktash P, Rajaei B, Noori M, Amini H, Shamsara M, Massumi M. Efficient generation of dopaminergic-like neurons by overexpression of Nurr1 and Pitx3 in mouse induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 626:126-34. [PMID: 27208834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, in which the nigro-striatal Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons are selectively lost. Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) is a big interest in cell therapy. Here, we used induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) expressing two master Dopaminergic (DAergic) transcription factors, i.e. Nurr1 and Pitx3, to generate functional in vitro DAergic-like neurons. After establishment and characterization of Doxycycline-inducible iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts, the cells were transduced by NURR1- and PITX3-harboring lentiviruses. The Nurr1/Pitx3 -iPSCs were differentiated through a five-stage protocol to generate DAergic-like neurons. The results confirmed the efficient expression of DAergic neuron markers in the end of protocol. Beside, the generated cells could exclusively synthesize and secrete Dopamine in response to secretagogues. In conclusion, overexpression of Nurr1 and Pitx3 in iPSCs could efficiently program iPSCs into functional DAergic-like neurons. This finding may have an impact on future stem cell therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salemeh Salemi
- National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Baktash
- National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rajaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Noori
- National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Massumi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Berti F, Nogueira JM, Wöhrle S, Sobreira DR, Hawrot K, Dietrich S. Time course and side-by-side analysis of mesodermal, pre-myogenic, myogenic and differentiated cell markers in the chicken model for skeletal muscle formation. J Anat 2016; 227:361-82. [PMID: 26278933 PMCID: PMC4560570 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken is a well-established model for amniote (including human) skeletal muscle formation because the developmental anatomy of chicken skeletal muscle matches that of mammals. The accessibility of the chicken in the egg as well as the sequencing of its genome and novel molecular techniques have raised the profile of this model. Over the years, a number of regulatory and marker genes have been identified that are suited to monitor the progress of skeletal myogenesis both in wildtype and in experimental embryos. However, in the various studies, differing markers at different stages of development have been used. Moreover, contradictory results on the hierarchy of regulatory factors are now emerging, and clearly, factors need to be able to cooperate. Thus, a reference paper describing in detail and side-by-side the time course of marker gene expression during avian myogenesis is needed. We comparatively analysed onset and expression patterns of the key markers for the chicken immature paraxial mesoderm, for muscle-competent cells, for cells committed to myogenesis and for cells entering terminal differentiation. We performed this analysis from stages when the first paraxial mesoderm is being laid down to the stage when mesoderm formation comes to a conclusion. Our data show that, although the sequence of marker gene expression is the same at the various stages of development, the timing of the expression onset is quite different. Moreover, marker gene expression in myogenic cells being deployed from the dorsomedial and ventrolateral lips of the dermomyotome is different from those being deployed from the rostrocaudal lips, suggesting different molecular programs. Furthermore, expression of Myosin Heavy Chain genes is overlapping but different along the length of a myotube. Finally, Mef2c is the most likely partner of Mrf proteins, and, in contrast to the mouse and more alike frog and zebrafish fish, chicken Mrf4 is co-expressed with MyoG as cells enter terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Berti
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Svenja Wöhrle
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Débora Rodrigues Sobreira
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Hawrot
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Abstract
Age-related cataracts are frequently associated with degenerative changes in the ocular lens including the aggregation of proteins - mainly crystallins, but also other proteins including amyloids (Aβ) leading to the hypothesis that cataracts could be used as "biomarkers" for Alzheimer disease. Even if this hypothesis was rejected by David Beebe's last paper (Bei et al., Exp. Eye Res., 2015), it is a fascinating aspect to look for commonalities between eye diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, I discuss such commonalities between eye and brain mainly from a developmental point of view. The finding of the functional homology of the Drosophila eyeless gene with the mammalian Pax6 gene marks a first highlight in the developmental genetics of the eye - this result destroyed the "dogma" of the different evolutionary routes of eye development in flies and mammals. The second highlight was the finding that Pax6 is also involved in the development of the forebrain supporting the pleiotropic role of many genes. These findings opened a new avenue for research showing that a broad variety of transcription factors, but also structural proteins are involved both, in eye and brain development as well as into the maintenance of the functional integrity of the corresponding tissue(s). In this review recent findings are summarized demonstrating that genes whose mutations have been identified first to be causative for congenital or juvenile eye disorders are also involved in regenerative processes and neurogenesis (Pax6), but also in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson (e.g. Pitx3) or in neurological disorders like Schizophrenia (e.g. Crybb1, Crybb2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Graw
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr, 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Kim H, Quan X, Seong Y, Kim J. Impaired motor coordination in Pitx3 overexpression mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1211-8. [PMID: 24680684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons are involved in the regulation of voluntary movement and in emotion-related behaviors and are affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). The homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3, which is uniquely expressed in midbrain DA neurons, plays a critical role in the development, function and maintenance of midbrain DA neurons. Pitx3 deficiency results in selective deficits of midbrain DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), reminiscent of the specific DA neuronal loss observed in PD. In this study, we found that selective overexpression of Pitx3 in intact midbrain DA neurons significantly affects the function of midbrain DA neurons. We observed changes in DA levels and gene expressions in mice overexpressing Pitx3. Furthermore, motor coordination and locomotion activities are significantly affected in mice overexpressing Pitx3, suggesting that the expression level of Pitx3 plays an important role in the function of midbrain DA neuron in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyuan Quan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeju Seong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Chakrabarty K, Von Oerthel L, Hellemons A, Clotman F, Espana A, Groot Koerkamp M, Holstege FCP, Pasterkamp RJ, Smidt MP. Genome wide expression profiling of the mesodiencephalic region identifies novel factors involved in early and late dopaminergic development. Biol Open 2012; 1:693-704. [PMID: 23213462 PMCID: PMC3507229 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons are critical for motor control and cognitive functioning and their loss or dysfunction is associated with disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia and addiction. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying mdDA neuron development and maintenance. Here, we determined the spatiotemporal map of genes involved in the development of mdDA neurons to gain further insight into their molecular programming. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of the developing ventral mesencephalon (VM) were compared at different developmental stages leading to the identification of novel regulatory roles of neuronal signaling through nicotinic acthylcholine receptors (Chrna6 and Chrnb3 subunits) and the identification of novel transcription factors (Oc2 and 3) involved in the generation of the mdDA neuronal field. We show here that Pitx3, in cooperation with Nurr1, is the critical component in the activation of the Chrna6 and Chrnb3 subunits in mdDA neurons. Furthermore, we provide evidence of two divergent regulatory pathways resulting in the expression of Chrna6 and Chrnb3 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
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