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Ronchetti GZ, Simões MR, Schereider IRG, Leal MAS, Peçanha GAW, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Oxidative Stress Induced by 30 Days of Mercury Exposure Accelerates Hypertension Development in Prehypertensive Young SHRs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Botelho T, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Oliveira MV, Cavada BS, Nascimento KS, Dos Santos L. Differential vasodilator effect of Dioclea rostrata lectin in conductance and resistance arteries: Mechanisms and glycoconjugate binding relationships. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:130-138. [PMID: 33993648 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins that recognize specific carbohydrates, and the vasorelaxant effect of legume lectins has been previously reported, for example the Dioclea rostrata lectin (DRL). This study evaluated major pathways of DRL-induced relaxation in different artery segments and the possible molecular interactions involved. Rat thoracic aorta, coronary and mesenteric resistance arteries were tested "in vitro" with concentration-response curves to DRL (0.01-100 µg/mL). L-NAME, indomethacin and high KCl were used to evaluate nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase and hyperpolarization-dependent effects. DRL promoted relaxation of all vessels throughout different mechanisms. L-NAME blunted DRL-induced effects only in the aorta and mesenteric resistance artery. By the use of depolarizing KCl solution, vasodilation was reduced in all arteries, while incubation with indomethacin indicated a role of cyclooxygenase-derived factors for DRL effects in mesenteric and coronary arteries, but not in the aorta. Molecular docking results suggested interactions between DRL and heparan sulphate, CD31 and other glycans present on the membrane surface. These data indicate that the mechanisms involved in DRL-mediated vasodilation vary between conductance and resistance arteries of different origins, and these effects may be related to the capacity of DRL to bind a diversity of glycans, especially heparan sulphate, a proposed mechanoreceptor for nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Botelho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Vinicius J S Osterne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vanir R Pinto-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Messias V Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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3
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de Moura Magalhães BAB, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira TF, Vassallo DV, Simões MR. Lead and mercury 28 day exposure at small concentrations reduces smooth muscle relaxation by decreasing cGMP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115405. [PMID: 33444613 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of mortality in the world. There is evidence of cardiovascular harm after exposure to low lead or mercury concentrations, but the effects of chronic exposure to the association of low doses of these toxic metals are still unknown. This work evaluated after 4 weeks, the association effects of low concentrations of lead and mercury on blood pressure and vascular resistance reactivity. Wistar rats were exposed for 28 days to lead acetate (1st dose of 4 μg/100 g and subsequent doses of 0.05 μg /100 g/day to cover daily losses) and mercury chloride (1st dose of 2.17 μg/kg and subsequent doses of 0.03 μg/kg/ day to cover daily losses) and the control group received saline, i.m. Results showed that treatment increased blood pressure and induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The mesenteric vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response assessed by acetylcholine did not change. Additionally, reduced involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids derived from cyclooxygenase was observed in the PbHg group. By other regulatory routes, such as potassium channels, the vessel showed a greater participation of BKCa channels, and a reduction in the participation of Kv channels and SKCa channels. The endothelium-independent smooth muscle relaxation was significantly impaired by reducing cGMP, possibly through the hyperstimulation of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5). Our results suggested that exposure to low doses of lead and mercury triggers this compensatory mechanism, in response to the augment of arterial pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mercuric Chloride/toxicity
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Organometallic Compounds/toxicity
- Rats, Wistar
- Second Messenger Systems
- Time Factors
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Firme Rodrigues
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil
| | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
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Martins AC, Santos AAD, Lopes ACBA, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB. Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium and Mercury and its Relationship to Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:14-26. [PMID: 33475076 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210121102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health concern that affects millions globally, leading to a large number of morbidities and fatalities. The etiology of hypertension is complex and multifactorial, and it involves environmental factors, including heavy metals. Cadmium and mercury are toxic elements commonly found in the environment, contributing to hypertension. We aimed to assess the role of cadmium and mercury-induced endothelial dysfunction in the development of hypertension. A narrative review was carried out through database searches. In this review, we discussed the critical roles of cadmium and mercury in the etiology of hypertension and provided new insights into potential mechanisms of their effect, focusing primarily on endothelial dysfunction. Although the mechanisms by which cadmium and mercury induce hypertension have yet to be completely elucidated, evidence for both implicates impaired nitric oxide signaling in their hypertensive etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alessanda A D Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ana C B A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Vieira JVDA, Marques VB, Vieira LV, Crajoinas RDO, Shimizu MHM, Seguro AC, Carneiro MTWD, Girardi ACC, Vassallo DV, Dos Santos L. Changes in the renal function after acute mercuric chloride exposure in the rat are associated with renal vascular endothelial dysfunction and proximal tubule NHE3 inhibition. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:23-32. [PMID: 33476711 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure has been described by several reports, but the mechanisms of renal dysfunction remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that HgCl2 directly impairs renal vascular reactivity. Additionally, due to the mercury toxicity on the proximal tubule, we investigated whether the HgCl2-induced natriuresis is accompanied by inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-3 (NHE3). We found that 90-min HgCl2 infusion (6.5 μg/kg i.v.) remarkably increased urinary output, reduced GFR and renal blood flow, and increased vascular resistance in rats. "In vitro" experiments of HgCl2 infusion in isolated renal vascular bed demonstrated an elevation of perfusion pressure in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, associated with changes on the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and the flow-pressure relationship. Moreover, by employing "in vivo" stationary microperfusion of the proximal tubule, we found that HgCl2 inhibits NHE3 activity and increases the phosphorylation of NHE3 at serine 552 in the renal cortex, in line with the HgCl2-induced diuresis. Changes in renal proximal tubular function induced by HgCl2 were parallel to increased urinary markers of proximal tubular injury. Besides, atomic spectrometry showed that mercury accumulated in the renal cortex. We conclude that acute HgCl2 exposure causes renal vasoconstriction that is associated with reduced endothelial vasodilator agonist- and flow-mediated responses and inhibition of NHE3-mediated sodium reabsorption. Thus, our data suggest that HgCl2-induced acute renal failure may be attributable at least in part by its direct effects on renal hemodynamics and NHE3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiza Valli Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Department of Nephrology (LIM-12), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Escobar AG, Rizzetti DA, Piagette JT, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Antioxidant Properties of Egg White Hydrolysate Prevent Mercury-Induced Vascular Damage in Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595767. [PMID: 33329045 PMCID: PMC7714919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the antioxidant protective power of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) against the vascular damage induced by mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure in resistance arteries. Methods: Male Wistar rats received for 60 days: (I) intramuscular injections (i.m.) of saline and tap water by gavage - Untreated group; (II) 4.6 μg/kg of HgCl2 i.m. for the first dose and subsequent doses of 0.07 μg/kg/day and tap water by gavage - HgCl2 group; (III) saline i.m. and 1 g/kg/day of EWH by gavage - EWH group, or (IV) the combination of the HgCl2 i.m. and EWH by gavage - EWH + HgCl2 group. Blood pressure (BP) was indirectly measured and dose-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and noradrenaline (NE) were assessed in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA), as in situ production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide (NO) release, vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status. Results: Egg white hydrolysate prevented the elevation in BP and the vascular dysfunction after HgCl2 exposure; restored the NO-mediated endothelial modulation and inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways induced by HgCl2. Conclusion: Egg white hydrolysate seems to be a useful functional food to prevent HgCl2-induced vascular toxic effects in MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Goulart Escobar
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Danize Aparecida Rizzetti
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Janaina Trindade Piagette
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Ayres JC, Porto HKP, de Andrade DML, Junior JB, Ribeiro MTL, Rocha ML. Paracetamol-induced metabolic and cardiovascular changes are prevented by exercise training. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:516-524. [PMID: 32573044 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) is the most frequently consumed non-prescription drug, yet it is well known to induce toxicity. Here, we have evaluated the effects of exercise training on vascular dysfunction induced by PAR. Rats were distributed among four groups: (a) Sedentary; (b) Exercise; (c) Sedentary+PAR; and (d) Exercise+PAR. The exercise comprised swimming 50 min/d, 5 d/wk for 6 weeks (+PAR in the last 2 weeks, at 400 mg/kg/d/p.o.). After killing, the rats' blood and aortas were collected for biochemical analysis of hepatic transaminases, TBARs reaction, glutathione, glutathione reductase, SOD, and catalase. In vitro vascular relaxation was measured using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in the presence or absence of tiron (an antioxidant). Vascular protein expression (eNOS and sGC) also were analysed. Increased transaminases after PAR treatment were found to be reduced by exercise. Vasodilation was impaired by PAR only in the sedentary group. Exercise prevented alterations in lipoperoxidation and glutathione levels after PAR exposure. Glutaathione reductase and SOD also were increased by PAR but were normalized in the exercised group. Catalase activity and protein expressions did not change in any group. PAR treatment caused impairment in both vasodilation and redox balance; however, exercise training prevented the vascular and redox system dysfunction induced by PAR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Cesar Ayres
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Britto Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lavorenti Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
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Cordeiro ER, Filetti FM, Simões MR, Vassallo DV. Mercury induces nuclear estrogen receptors to act as vasoconstrictors promoting endothelial denudation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114710. [PMID: 31415774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more frequent among postmenopausal women due to the decline of estrogen concentration in plasma. However, the role of the vascular modulator effect of estrogen is controversial, since it occurs both in physiological and pathological conditions, increasing or reducing vascular reactivity. As mercury is widely associated with the development of CVD, we investigated putative hazardous effects on the mechanisms that modulate vascular reactivity in aortic rings of female Wistar rats promoted by acute mercury exposure. Mercury increased vascular reactivity and oxidative stress possibly due to NADPH oxidase participation, increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation. The metal also induced endothelial denudation in the aorta by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mercury exposure also induced nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) to act as vasoconstrictors. Our findings suggest that mercury might increase the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases in females and should be considered an important environmental risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Rodrigues Cordeiro
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martinuzo Filetti
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil.
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