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Aschner M, Skalny AV, Paoliello MMB, Tinkova MN, Martins AC, Santamaria A, Lee E, Rocha JBT, Farsky SHP, Tinkov AA. Retinal toxicity of heavy metals and its involvement in retinal pathology. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114685. [PMID: 38663763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association between toxic metal (Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Sn, Ti, Tl) exposure and retinal pathology, along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that Cd, and to a lesser extent Pb exposure, are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), while the existing evidence on the levels of these metals in patients with diabetic retinopathy is scarce. Epidemiological data on the association between other toxic metals and metalloids including mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), are limited. Clinical reports and laboratory in vivo studies have shown structural alterations in different layers of retina following metal exposure. Examination of retina samples demonstrate that toxic metals can accumulate in the retina, and the rate of accumulation appears to increase with age. Experimental studies in vivo and in vitro studies in APRE-19 and D407 cells demonstrate that toxic metal exposure may cause retinal damage through oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired retinogenesis, and retinal inflammation. However, further epidemiological as well as laboratory studies are required for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and identifying of the potential therapeutic targets and estimation of the dose-response effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Lu R, Skalny AA, Mazaletskaya AL, Tinkov AA. Hair and Serum Trace Element and Mineral Levels Profiles in Women with Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03970-z. [PMID: 38038893 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate serum and hair trace element and mineral levels in women with osteoporosis, as well as to estimate the impact of menopausal status on the profile of trace element and mineral status in women with osteoporosis. 207 women with diagnosed osteoporosis 22-85 years-of-age, and 197 healthy women of the respective age participated in the present study. Analysis of the levels of mineral and trace element in hair and serum samples was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Women with osteoporosis were characterized by significantly lower hair Ca, Mg, Co, I, Li, and Mn levels, as well as serum Ca, Mg, Co, Fe, V, and Zn concentrations compared to women in the control group. After additional grouping according to menopausal status, the lowest hair Ca and Mg content was observed in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, whereas serum Ca and Mg concentrations were the lowest in premenopausal osteoporotic women. Hair Co, Mn, and Zn levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic women were lower than in healthy postmenopausal women. The lowest circulating Zn levels were observed in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Taken together, decreased hair and serum levels in osteoporotic women are indicative of increased risk of Ca, Mg, Co, and Zn deficiency in women with osteoporosis. In turn, alterations in hair trace element and mineral levels in osteoporosis are more profound in postmenopausal women. Hypothetically, improvement in trace element and mineral metabolism especially in postmenopausal women may be considered as a potential strategy for mitigating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Mazaletskaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Zabroda NN, Chang JS, Chao JCJ, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Burtseva TI, Tinkov AA. Interactive Effects of Obesity and Hypertension on Patterns of Hair Essential Trace Element and Mineral Content in Adult Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4677-4687. [PMID: 36648598 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential similar patterns and interactive effects of obesity and hypertension on hair essential trace element and mineral content in adult women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 607 adult women divided into controls (n = 101), groups with obesity without hypertension (n = 199), hypertension without obesity (n = 143), and both obesity and hypertension (n = 164) were included in the study. Assessment of hair mineral and trace element levels was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Hair Ca, Mg, Co, and Mn levels in women with obesity, hypertension, and both diseases were significantly lower, compared to controls. Hair Mg levels in women with obesity and hypertension were significantly lower, whereas hair Na and K were found to be higher when compared to other groups. Hair Fe and V content in obese patients was lower than in other groups. Obesity was associated with lower hair Cu levels, whereas patients with hypertension had higher hair Cu content. Hypertension was also associated with higher hair Cr and Se content irrespective of body weight. Hair Zn levels in obese women with and without hypertension were significantly lower than those in healthy controls and normal-weight women with hypertension. In multiple regression models hair Mg was considered as a significant negative predictor of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. The observed alterations in hair trace element and mineral content provide an additional link between obesity and hypertension, although further detailed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Zabroda
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia.
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia.
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Passarelli-Araujo H, Passarelli-Araujo H, Pescim RR, Olak AS, Susuki AM, Tomimatsu MFAI, Volce CJ, Neves MAZ, Silva FF, Narciso SG, Paoliello MMB, Pott-Junior H, Urbano MR. Probabilistic survival modeling in health research: an assessment using cohort data from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a Latin American city. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:217-229. [PMID: 36809963 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2181249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Probabilistic survival methods have been used in health research to analyze risk factors and adverse health outcomes associated with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to employ a probabilistic model selected among three distributions (exponential, Weibull, and lognormal) to investigate the time from hospitalization to death and determine the mortality risks among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 within 30 days in Londrina, Brazil, between January 2021 and February 2022, registered in the database for severe acute respiratory infections (SIVEP-Gripe). Graphical and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) methods were used to compare the efficiency of the three probabilistic models. The results from the final model were presented as hazard and event time ratios. Our study comprised of 7,684 individuals, with an overall case fatality rate of 32.78%. Data suggested that older age, male sex, severe comorbidity score, intensive care unit admission, and invasive ventilation significantly increased risks for in-hospital mortality. Our study highlights the conditions that confer higher risks for adverse clinical outcomes attributed to COVID-19. The step-by-step process for selecting appropriate probabilistic models may be extended to other investigations in health research to provide more reliable evidence on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemanoel Passarelli-Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Pescim
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - André S Olak
- Department of Architecture and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Aline M Susuki
- Department of Architecture and Urbanism, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Cilio J Volce
- Health Department of Londrina, Prefeitura de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Maria A Z Neves
- Health Department of Londrina, Prefeitura de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Silva
- Health Department of Londrina, Prefeitura de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Simone G Narciso
- Health Department of Londrina, Prefeitura de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Paludetto Junior M, Olak AS, Passarelli-Araujo H, Susuki AM, Aschner M, Pott-Junior H, Paoliello MMB, Urbano MR. COVID-19 vaccination and case fatality rates: a case report in a Brazilian municipality. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00067922. [PMID: 37018770 PMCID: PMC10463226 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen067922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2002] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination campaigns played a crucial role in reducing the incidence of COVID-19. However, a scant number of studies evaluated the impact of vaccination on case fatality rates (CFRs), including in Brazil. Our study aimed to compare CFRs according to vaccination status among subjects living in Arapongas (Paraná State, Brazil), considering the age composition of the population. Several strategies adopted by the Arapongas City Hall to minimize the spread of the virus were also elaborated upon. We accessed the 2021 database of the Arapongas Municipal Health Department, in which a total of 16,437 confirmed cases and 425 deaths were reported. The CFR was calculated as the ratio between COVID-19 deaths and the number of confirmed cases. Differences in age composition between unvaccinated and fully vaccinated individuals were observed in our study. Considering that CFR is a crude indicator and is highly sensitive to the age composition of the population, we adopted the average age distribution of confirmed cases among the three vaccination statuses (unvaccinated, partially, and fully) as a standard age distribution. The age-standardized CFR for unvaccinated and fully vaccinated groups were 4.55% and 2.42%, respectively. Fully vaccinated individuals showed lower age-specific CFRs in all age groups above 60 years than unvaccinated populations. Our findings strengthen the role of vaccination as a critical measure for preventing deaths among infected people and is particularly important to the ongoing reassessment of public health interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André S Olak
- Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | | | - Aline M Susuki
- Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, U.S.A
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, U.S.A
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
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Skalny AV, Serebryansky EP, Korobeinikova TV, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C, Paoliello MMB, Sotnikova TI, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. Smoking is associated with altered serum and hair essential metal and metalloid levels in women. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113249. [PMID: 35728725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between smoking and essential metal (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, Zn) and metalloid (Se) levels in hair and serum of adult women using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 344 women 20-70 years old including 199 smokers and 145 non-smoking women were enrolled. Serum Cu, Fe, and Zn levels in smoking women were found to be 6%, 8%, and 3% lower of levels in non-smokers, respectively. In contrast, circulating Mn, V, and especially Cr concentrations in smoking women exceeded the respective values in non-smoking women by 5%, 14%, and 54%. Hair Fe and Se levels in smoking women were 17% and 23% lower as compared to non-smoking controls, respectively. In multiple regression models, smoking severity was inversely associated with serum and hair Se concentrations, whereas the relationship to serum and hair Cr was positive. In addition, serum Zn and hair Fe levels were found to be inversely associated with the number of cigarettes per day. These findings hypothesize that health hazards of smoking may be at least in part be mediated by alteration in essential metal and metalloid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Center for Global Tobacco Control, Harvard School of Public Health, 02115, Boston, United States
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital n. a, S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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Olak AS, Santos WS, Susuki AM, Pott-Junior H, V Skalny A, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Pinese JPP, Urbano MR, Paoliello MMB. Meteorological parameters and cases of COVID-19 in Brazilian cities: an observational study. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2022; 85:14-28. [PMID: 34474657 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1969304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological parameters modulate transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, the causative agent related to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) development. However, findings across the globe have been inconsistent attributed to several confounding factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between reported meteorological parameters from July 1 to October 31, 2020, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in 4 Brazilian cities: São Paulo, the largest city with the highest number of cases in Brazil, and the cities with greater number of cases in the state of Parana during the study period (Curitiba, Londrina and Maringa). The assessment of meteorological factors with confirmed COVID-19 cases included atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar irradiation, sunlight, dew point temperature, and total precipitation. The 7- and 15-day moving averages of confirmed COVID-19 cases were obtained for each city. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed significant correlations between COVID-19 cases and all meteorological parameters, except for total precipitation, with the strongest correlation with maximum wind speed (0.717, <0.001) in São Paulo. Regression tree analysis demonstrated that the largest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases was associated with wind speed (between ≥0.3381 and <1.173 m/s), atmospheric pressure (<930.5mb), and solar radiation (<17.98e+3). Lower number of cases was observed for wind speed <0.3381 m/s and temperature <23.86°C. Our results encourage the use of meteorological information as a critical component in future risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Olak
- Department of Architecture and Urbanism; State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, Pr, Brazil
| | - Willian S Santos
- Department of Geoscience, State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline M Susuki
- Department of Architecture and Urbanism; State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (Ufscar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Department of Bioelementology, K.g. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare," Im Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare," Im Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare," Im Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - José P P Pinese
- Department of Geoscience, State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, CEGOT, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina (Uel), Londrina, Pr, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Bobrovnitsky IP, Chen P, Tsatsakis A, Paoliello MMB, Buha Djordevic A, Tinkov AA. Environmental and health hazards of military metal pollution. Environ Res 2021; 201:111568. [PMID: 34174260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of literature has demonstrated that armed conflicts and military activity may contribute to environmental pollution with metals, although the existing data are inconsistent. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss potential sources of military-related metal emissions, environmental metal contamination, as well as routes of metal exposure and their health hazards in relation to military activities. Emission of metals into the environment upon military activity occurs from weapon residues containing high levels of particles containing lead (Pb; leaded ammunition), copper (Cu; unleaded), and depleted uranium (DU). As a consequence, military activity results in soil contamination with Pb and Cu, as well as other metals including Cd, Sb, Cr, Ni, Zn, with subsequent metal translocation to water, thus increasing the risk of human exposure. Biomonitoring studies have demonstrated increased accumulation of metals in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrate species (fish, birds, mammals). Correspondingly, military activity is associated with human metal exposure that results from inhalation or ingestion of released particles, as well as injuries with subsequent metal release from embedded fragments. It is also notable that local metal accumulation following military injury may occur even without detectable fragments. Nonetheless, data on health effects of military-related metal exposures have yet to be systematized. The existing data demonstrate adverse neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive outcomes in exposed military personnel. Moreover, military-related metal exposures also result in adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in children living within adulterated territories. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies also demonstrated toxic effects of specific metals as well as widely used metal alloys, although laboratory data report much wider spectrum of adverse effects as compared to epidemiological studies. Therefore, further epidemiological, biomonitoring and laboratory studies are required to better characterize military-related metal exposures and their underlying mechanisms of their adverse toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Igor P Bobrovnitsky
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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9
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Skalny AV, Kopylov PY, Paoliello MMB, Chang JS, Aschner M, Bobrovnitsky IP, Chao JCJ, Aaseth J, Chebotarev SN, Tinkov AA. Hair Lead, Aluminum, and Other Toxic Metals in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18158195. [PMID: 34360489 PMCID: PMC8345938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate hair toxic metal levels in patients with obesity and/or coronary heart disease (CHD). Following a 2 × 2 factorial design, subjects without CHD were grouped into normal weight control (n = 123) and obese groups (n = 140). Patients suffering from CHD were divided into normal weight (n = 180) and obese CHD subjects (n = 240). Hair Al, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Pb levels were evaluated using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The data demonstrate that hair Al and Hg levels were higher in obese subjects as compared to normal weight controls. Normal weight CHD patients were characterized by significantly higher hair Al, As, Cd, and Pb levels when compared to healthy subjects. The highest hair Al, As, and Pb levels were observed in obese CHD patients, significantly exceeding the respective values in other groups. Factorial analysis revealed significant influence of factorial interaction (CHD*obesity) only for hair Pb content. Given the role of obesity as a risk factor for CHD, it is proposed that increased toxic metal accumulation in obesity may promote further development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (P.Y.K.)
- Department of Bioelementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Philippe Yu Kopylov
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (P.Y.K.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (M.A.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (J.-S.C.); (J.C.-J.C.)
- College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor P. Bobrovnitsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (J.-S.C.); (J.C.-J.C.)
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jan Aaseth
- College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Sergei N. Chebotarev
- Department of Bioelementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-961-937-8198
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10
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Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
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11
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Martins AC, Paoliello MMB, Docea AO, Santamaria A, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Aschner M. Review of the mechanism underlying mefloquine-induced neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:209-216. [PMID: 33905310 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1901258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mefloquine, a potent blood schizontocide, is effective against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. This property, along with its unique pharmacokinetic profile, makes mefloquine a widely prescribed antimalarial drug. However, several epidemiological studies have raised concerns on the safety of mefloquine as prophylaxis for malaria. Well-documented side-effects of mefloquine include abnormal dreams, insomnia, anxiety, and depressed mood, as well as nausea and dizziness (the last two most frequent effects). The mechanisms that underlie the neurological/psychiatric complications of mefloquine are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the neurotoxic mechanisms of action of mefloquine to better understand its potential toxicity in the central nervous system, highlighting the mechanisms that lead to its psychiatric disorders. Experimental studies on the neurotoxic effects of mefloquine discussed herein include brain transporters of mefloquine, alteration in neurotransmitters, disruption on calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and neuroinflammation, generation of oxidative stress response in neurons (involving glutathione, increased F2-isoprostanes, accumulation of cytosolic lipid globules), and alteration of voltage-dependent channels, as well as gap junction intercellular communications. Although several hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanisms that mediate mefloquine-induced brain damage, they are not fully understood, necessitating additional studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anca O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoacidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, Dorea JG, Hartung T, Domingo JL, Barbosa F. Social injustice in environmental health: A call for fortitude. Environ Res 2021; 194:110675. [PMID: 33373610 PMCID: PMC7946715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this short paper is to call upon the scientific community to channel its attention to the duty and heedfulness of social justice issues. While recognized for decades the impact of social injustice on public health and its disproportionate effects on poorer communities, little has been done to systematically address it. Here, we provide several examples pertinent to the health outcomes associated with social injustice and call upon the scientific community to attend to the issue and antagonize those who attempt to subvert science and its role in ensuring social justice in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA.
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jose G Dorea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Martins AC, Santos AAD, Lopes ACBA, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB. Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium and Mercury and its Relationship to Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:14-26. [PMID: 33475076 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210121102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health concern that affects millions globally, leading to a large number of morbidities and fatalities. The etiology of hypertension is complex and multifactorial, and it involves environmental factors, including heavy metals. Cadmium and mercury are toxic elements commonly found in the environment, contributing to hypertension. We aimed to assess the role of cadmium and mercury-induced endothelial dysfunction in the development of hypertension. A narrative review was carried out through database searches. In this review, we discussed the critical roles of cadmium and mercury in the etiology of hypertension and provided new insights into potential mechanisms of their effect, focusing primarily on endothelial dysfunction. Although the mechanisms by which cadmium and mercury induce hypertension have yet to be completely elucidated, evidence for both implicates impaired nitric oxide signaling in their hypertensive etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alessanda A D Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ana C B A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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14
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Martins AC, Almeida Lopes ACB, Urbano MR, Carvalho MDFH, Silva AMR, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Mesas AE, Silbergeld EK, Paoliello MMB. An updated systematic review on the association between Cd exposure, blood pressure and hypertension. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111636. [PMID: 33396156 PMCID: PMC7785863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first report by Perry et al. (1955), most studies affirmed the hypertensive effects of cadmium (Cd) in humans. Nonetheless, conclusions between studies remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reevaluate the evidence for a potential relationship between Cd exposure and altered blood pressure and/or hypertension, focusing on studies published between January 2010 and March 2020. METHODS We reviewed all observational studies from database searches (PubMed and SCOPUS) on Cd exposure and blood pressure or hypertension. We extracted information from studies that provided sufficient data on population characteristics, smoking status, exposure, outcomes, and design. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria; of those, twenty-nine were cross sectional, three case control, five cohort and one interventional study. Blood or urinary Cd levels were the most commonly used biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between blood Cd levels and blood pressure and/or hypertension was identified in numerous studies at different settings. Limited number of representative population-based studies of never-smokers was observed, which may have confounded our conclusions. The association between urinary Cd and blood pressure and/or hypertension remains uncertain due to conflicting results, including inverse relationships with lack of strong mechanistic support. We point to the urgent need for additional longitudinal studies to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Carolina B Almeida Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, s/no, Campus Universitário, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima H Carvalho
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria R Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, 119146 Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Edificio Melchor Cano, Campus Universitario de Cuenca, Camino de Pozuelo, s/n 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ellen K Silbergeld
- Emerita Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N Wolfe St, 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Domingo JL, Spandidos DA, Mally A, Wallace HM, Rakitskii VN, Hartung T, Tsatsakis A. When the boundaries between science and politics are blurred. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1607. [PMID: 33304831 PMCID: PMC7718440 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States.,Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heather M Wallace
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene Named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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16
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Tsatsakis A, Calina D, Falzone L, Petrakis D, Mitrut R, Siokas V, Pennisi M, Lanza G, Libra M, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Kavali L, Bukhari A, Gadiparthi C, Vageli DP, Kofteridis DP, Spandidos DA, Paoliello MMB, Aschner M, Docea AO. SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111769. [PMID: 32979398 PMCID: PMC7833750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations, affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction. Epidemiological data have indicated that cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the multitude of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, the objective of the present review was to summarize their pathophysiology in previously healthy patients, as well as in those with comorbidities. The present review summarizes the current, though admittedly fluid knowledge on the pathophysiology and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Although unclear issues still remain, the present study contributes to a more complete understanding of the disease, and may drive the direction of new research. The recognition of the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is crucial for the specific therapeutic management of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dimitrios Petrakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy; Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy; Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sotirios G Doukas
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 254 Easton Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Panagiotis G Doukas
- University of Pavol Josef Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Leena Kavali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 254 Easton Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Amar Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care 240 Easton Ave, Adult Ambulatory at Cares Building 4th Floor, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Chiranjeevi Gadiparthi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Dimitra P Vageli
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Diamantis P Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Eisntein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Michael Aschner
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Eisntein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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17
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Passarelli MM, Paoliello MMB, Matsuo T, Turin CA, Nascimento ES. Corrigendum to "Methanol reference values in urine from inhabitants of Brazil" Science of The Total Environment Volumes 243-244, 15 December 1999, Pages 349-352. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:141797. [PMID: 32921409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Passarelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M M B Paoliello
- Department of Applied Pathology, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - T Matsuo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Center of Exact Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - C A Turin
- Department of Applied Pathology, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - E S Nascimento
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Martins AC, Urbano MR, Almeida Lopes ACB, Carvalho MDFH, Buzzo ML, Docea AO, Mesas AE, Aschner M, Silva AMR, Silbergeld EK, Paoliello MMB. Blood cadmium levels and sources of exposure in an adult urban population in southern Brazil. Environ Res 2020; 187:109618. [PMID: 32447086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that is widely present in the environment due to geologic and anthropogenic sources. Exposures to high Cd levels may cause nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, among others. The goal of this study was to investigate in an adult urban population whether an association exists between sources and levels of Cd exposure and blood Cd concentrations. METHODS Using a census-based design, a total of 959 adults, aged 40 years or older, were randomly selected. Information on socio-demographics, dietary, and lifestyle background was obtained by household interviews. Blood Cd levels were measured by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. Geometric means (GM) (95% CI) and the 50th percentile were determined, stratified by sex, age, race, education, income class, smoking status, consumption of vegetables, red meat and milk, occupation and blood pressure. To assess the association between Cd exposure and the aforementioned variables, we estimated the geometric mean ratio (GMR) (95%CI) of blood Cd concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The geometric mean (95%CI) of blood Cd levels in the total population was 0.25 (0.22, 0.27) ug/dL. In a univariate analysis, significantly higher blood Cd levels were found in men (p < 0.001), current and former smokers (p < 0.001), alcohol drinkers (p < 0.001), those who never or almost never consumed milk (p < 0.001), and in subjects with higher diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.03). Significant correlations were found between the number of cigarettes consumed daily and blood Cd levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed higher blood Cd concentrations were associated with alcohol consumption (GMR 95%CI = 1.28, 1.04-1.59) and in former and current smokers (GMR 95% IC = 1.33, 1.06-1.67 and 4.23, 3.24-5.52, respectively). Our results shed novel information on variables associated with blood Cd levels in an urban Brazilian population, and should encourage additional research to prevent environmental Cd exposure, both in Brazil and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, S/no, Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina B Almeida Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima H Carvalho
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia L Buzzo
- Inorganic Contaminants Department, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 355, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anca O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Edificio Melchor Cano, Campus Universitario de Cuenca, Camino de Pozuelo, S/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, 119146, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana Maria R Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen K Silbergeld
- Emerita Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Caito S, Lopes ACBA, Paoliello MMB, Aschner M. Toxicology of Lead and Its Damage to Mammalian Organs. Met Ions Life Sci 2017; 17:/books/9783110434330/9783110434330-016/9783110434330-016.xml. [PMID: 28731309 DOI: 10.1515/9783110434330-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of lead has been appreciated for centuries. Lead is a commonly used metal in industrialized nations, which results in the release of lead into the environment. Governmental agencies regulate the amount of lead permissible for workers to be exposed to; however, unregulated environmental lead exposure is a high concern. While essential metals have physiologic roles, there are no health benefits from lead intake. In this chapter, we discuss sources of lead exposure, the absorption, distribution, and elimination of lead from the human body, and molecular mechanisms of lead-induced toxicity. We also discuss the evidence on the association between lead exposure and blood pressure, and the influence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of lead exposure in the general population. We highlight the effects on the nervous system, kidney, immune system, blood, reproductive system, and bones.
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Abstract
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system's ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2-] and hydroxyl radicals [OH-]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago S Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
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21
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Chen P, Chakraborty S, Mukhopadhyay S, Lee E, Paoliello MMB, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese homeostasis in the nervous system. J Neurochem 2015; 134:601-10. [PMID: 25982296 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential heavy metal that is naturally found in the environment. Daily intake through dietary sources provides the necessary amount required for several key physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, immune function and others. However, overexposure from environmental sources can result in a condition known as manganism that features symptomatology similar to Parkinson's disease (PD). This disorder presents with debilitating motor and cognitive deficits that arise from a neurodegenerative process. In order to maintain a balance between its essentiality and neurotoxicity, several mechanisms exist to properly buffer cellular Mn levels. These include transporters involved in Mn uptake, and newly discovered Mn efflux mechanisms. This review will focus on current studies related to mechanisms underlying Mn import and export, primarily the Mn transporters, and their function and roles in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Though and essential metal, overexposure to manganese may result in neurodegenerative disease analogous to Parkinson's disease. Manganese homeostasis is tightly regulated by transporters, including transmembrane importers (divalent metal transporter 1, transferrin and its receptor, zinc transporters ZIP8 and Zip14, dopamine transporter, calcium channels, choline transporters and citrate transporters) and exporters (ferroportin and SLC30A10), as well as the intracellular trafficking proteins (SPCA1 and ATP12A2). A manganese-specific sensor, GPP130, has been identified, which affords means for monitoring intracellular levels of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Paoliello MMB, De Capitani EM. Occupational and environmental human lead exposure in Brazil. Environ Res 2007; 103:288-97. [PMID: 16919621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a review of data on assessment of exposure and adverse effects due to environmental and occupational lead exposure in Brazil. Epidemiological investigations on children lead exposure around industrial and mining areas have shown that lead contamination is an actual source of concern. Lead in gasoline has been phasing out since the 1980s, and it is now completely discontinued. The last lead mining and lead refining plant was closed in 1995, leaving residual environmental lead contamination which has recently been investigated using a multidisciplinary approach. Moreover, there are hundreds of small battery recycling plants and secondary smelting facilities all over the country, which produce focal urban areas of lead contamination. Current regulatory limits for workplace lead exposure have shown to be inadequate as safety limits according to a few studies carried out lately.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M B Paoliello
- Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, and Centro de Controle de Intoxicações, Hospital Universitário da UNICAMP, Brazil.
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Paoliello MMB, De Capitani EM. Environmental contamination and human exposure to lead in Brazil. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 184:59-96. [PMID: 15790173 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-27565-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects caused by environmental lead pollution are well recognized. Being a widespread agent in the environment and a major harmful element to organic systems, mostly to children, lead has been investigated all over the world, aiming to improve measures regarding its control. The purpose of this chapter is to present a review of the situation of production, uses, assessment of exposure, and adverse effects from environmental lead contamination in Brazil. It also presents aspects of Brazilian legislation setting up maximum permissible levels of lead in several environmental compartments such as surface and drinking water, soils, sediment, urban air, and also in commercially sold food, vegetables, fish, and meat, in an effort to control industrial emissions. Epidemiological investigations on children's lead exposure around industrial and mining areas are revised, showing that many situations where lead contamination is potentially present still need to be addressed by governmental agencies. In Brazil, lead was withdrawn from gasoline by the end of the 1980s, and the last lead mining and primary smelting plant was closed in 1995, leaving residual environmental lead contamination, which has recently been investigated using a multidisciplinary approach. Nevertheless, there are hundreds of small secondary battery recycling plants all over the country, running smelting facilities that produce local urban areas of lead contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M B Paoliello
- Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
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