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Toyama M, Takasaki Y, Branko A, Kimura H, Kato H, Nawa Y, Kushima I, Ishizuka K, Shimamura T, Ogi T, Ozaki N. Exome sequencing of Japanese schizophrenia multiplex families supports the involvement of calcium ion channels. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268321. [PMID: 35536790 PMCID: PMC9089874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sequencing studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have focused on de novo genetic variants due to interpretability. However, investigating shared rare variants among patients in the same multiplex family is also important. Relatively large-scale analyses of SCZ multiplex families have been done in Caucasian populations, but whether detected variants are also pathogenic in the Japanese population is unclear because of ethnic differences in rare variants. Materials and methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 14 Japanese SCZ multiplex families. After quality control and filtering, we identified rare variants shared among affected persons within the same family. A gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify gene categories possibly affected by these candidate variants. Results We found 530 variants in 486 genes as potential candidate variants from the 14 SCZ multiplex families examined. The GO analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in calcium channel activity. Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that calcium ion channel activity is involved in SCZ. WES of multiplex families is a potential means of identifying disease-associated rare variants for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aleksic Branko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Rust MB, Marcello E. Disease association of cyclase-associated protein (CAP): Lessons from gene-targeted mice and human genetic studies. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151207. [PMID: 35150966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is an actin binding protein that has been initially described as partner of the adenylyl cyclase in yeast. In all vertebrates and some invertebrate species, two orthologs, named CAP1 and CAP2, have been described. CAP1 and CAP2 are characterized by a similar multidomain structure, but different expression patterns. Several molecular studies clarified the biological function of the different CAP domains, and they shed light onto the mechanisms underlying CAP-dependent regulation of actin treadmilling. However, CAPs are crucial elements not only for the regulation of actin dynamics, but also for signal transduction pathways. During recent years, human genetic studies and the analysis of gene-targeted mice provided important novel insights into the physiological roles of CAPs and their involvement in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in our understanding of CAPs' physiological functions, focusing on heart, skeletal muscle and central nervous system as well as their involvement in the mechanisms controlling metabolism. Remarkably, loss of CAPs or impairment of CAPs-dependent pathways can contribute to the pathogenesis of different diseases. Overall, these studies unraveled CAPs complexity highlighting their capability to orchestrate structural and signaling pathways in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, besides genome-wide association studies, a variety of other genetic analyses (e.g. polygenic risk scores, whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing) have been conducted, and a large amount of data has been gathered for investigating the involvement of common, rare and very rare types of DNA sequence variants in bipolar disorder. Also, non-invasive neuroimaging methods can be used to quantify changes in brain structure and function in patients with bipolar disorder. AIMS To provide a comprehensive assessment of genetic findings associated with bipolar disorder, based on the evaluation of different genomic approaches and neuroimaging studies. METHOD We conducted a PubMed search of all relevant literatures from the beginning to the present, by querying related search strings. RESULTS ANK3, CACNA1C, SYNE1, ODZ4 and TRANK1 are five genes that have been replicated as key gene candidates in bipolar disorder pathophysiology, through the investigated studies. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the identified variants is small (approximately 4.7%). Bipolar disorder polygenic risk scores are associated with other psychiatric phenotypes. The ENIGMA-BD studies show a replicable pattern of lower cortical thickness, altered white matter integrity and smaller subcortical volumes in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS The low amount of explained phenotypic variance highlights the need for further large-scale investigations, especially among non-European populations, to achieve a more complete understanding of the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder and the missing heritability. Combining neuroimaging data with genetic data in large-scale studies might help researchers acquire a better knowledge of the engaged brain regions in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
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Toma C, Shaw AD, Heath A, Pierce KD, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Fullerton JM. A linkage and exome study of multiplex families with bipolar disorder implicates rare coding variants of ANK3 and additional rare alleles at 10q11-q21. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E247-E257. [PMID: 33729739 PMCID: PMC8061732 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric condition for which specific genetic factors remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used combined whole-exome sequencing and linkage analysis to identify risk loci and dissect the contribution of common and rare variants in families with a high density of illness. METHODS Overall, 117 participants from 15 Australian extended families with bipolar disorder (72 with affective disorder, including 50 with bipolar disorder type I or II, 13 with schizoaffective disorder-manic type and 9 with recurrent unipolar disorder) underwent whole-exome sequencing. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis using MERLIN and conditional linkage analysis using LAMP. We assessed the contribution of potentially functional rare variants using a genebased segregation test. RESULTS We identified a significant linkage peak on chromosome 10q11-q21 (maximal single nucleotide polymorphism = rs10761725; exponential logarithm of the odds [LODexp] = 3.03; empirical p = 0.046). The linkage interval spanned 36 protein-coding genes, including a gene associated with bipolar disorder, ankyrin 3 (ANK3). Conditional linkage analysis showed that common ANK3 risk variants previously identified in genome-wide association studies - or variants in linkage disequilibrium with those variants - did not explain the linkage signal (rs10994397 LOD = 0.63; rs9804190 LOD = 0.04). A family-based segregation test with 34 rare variants from 14 genes under the linkage interval suggested rare variant contributions of 3 brain-expressed genes: NRBF2 (p = 0.005), PCDH15 (p = 0.002) and ANK3 (p = 0.014). LIMITATIONS We did not examine non-coding variants, but they may explain the remaining linkage signal. CONCLUSION Combining family-based linkage analysis with next-generation sequencing data is effective for identifying putative disease genes and specific risk variants in complex disorders. We identified rare missense variants in ANK3, PCDH15 and NRBF2 that could confer disease risk, providing valuable targets for functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toma
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Alex D Shaw
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Anna Heath
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Kerrie D Pierce
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Peter R Schofield
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
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Sreeraj VS, Holla B, Ithal D, Nadella RK, Mahadevan J, Balachander S, Ali F, Sheth S, Narayanaswamy JC, Venkatasubramanian G, John JP, Varghese M, Benegal V, Jain S, Reddy YJ, Viswanath B. Psychiatric symptoms and syndromes transcending diagnostic boundaries in Indian multiplex families: The cohort of ADBS study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113647. [PMID: 33429328 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Syndromes of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders and Alzheimer's dementia are highly heritable. About 10-20% of subjects have another affected first degree relative (FDR), and thus represent a 'greater' genetic susceptibility. We screened 3583 families to identify 481 families with multiple affected members, assessed 1406 individuals in person, and collected information systematically about other relatives. Within the selected families, a third of all FDRs were affected with serious mental illness. Although similar diagnoses aggregated within families, 62% of the families also had members with other syndromes. Moreover, 15% of affected individuals met criteria for co-occurrence of two or more syndromes, across their lifetime. Using dimensional assessments, we detected a range of symptom clusters in both affected and unaffected individuals, and across diagnostic categories. Our findings suggest that in multiplex families, there is considerable heterogeneity of clinical syndromes, as well as sub-threshold symptoms. These families would help provide an opportunity for further research using both genetic analyses and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Furkhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Sweta Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - John P John
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Yc Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
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- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
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