1
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Yamazaki D, Ito S, Miura O, Sasaki T, Chiba S. High-throughput SNPs dataset reveal restricted population connectivity of marine gastropod within the narrow distribution range of peripheral oceanic islands. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2119. [PMID: 35136087 PMCID: PMC8825847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies based on the high resolution genetic markers help us to grasp the factor shaping the genetic structure of marine organisms. Ecological factors linking to life history traits have often explained the process of genetic structuring in open and connectable oceanic environments. Besides, population genetic divergence can be affected by fragmented habitat, oceanic current, and past geographical events. In the present study, we demonstrated the genetic differentiation of marine gastropod Monodonta sp. within a narrow range of peripheral oceanic islands, the Ogasawara Islands. Genetic analyses were performed not only with a mitochondrial DNA marker but also with a high-throughput SNPs dataset obtained by ddRAD-seq. The results of the mtDNA analyses did not show genetic divergence among populations, while the SNPs dataset detected population genetic differentiation. Population demographic analyses and gene flow estimation suggested that the genetic structure was formed by sea level fluctuation associated with the past climatic change and regulated by temporal oceanographic conditions. These findings provide important insights into population genetic patterns in open and connectable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishi Yamazaki
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8576, Japan.
| | - Shun Ito
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasaki
- Institute of Boninology, Chichijima-Aza-Nishimachi, Ogasawara, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8576, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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2
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Melroy LM, Cohen CS. Temporal and spatial variation in population structure among brooding sea stars in the genus Leptasterias. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3313-3331. [PMID: 33841786 PMCID: PMC8019026 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal genetic studies of low-dispersing organisms are rare. Marine invertebrates lacking a planktonic larval stage are expected to have lower dispersal, low gene flow, and a higher potential for local adaptation than organisms with planktonic dispersal. Leptasterias is a genus of brooding sea stars containing several cryptic species complexes. Population genetic methods were used to resolve patterns of fine-scale population structure in central California Leptasterias species using three loci from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Historic samples (collected between 1897 and 1998) were compared to contemporary samples (collected between 2008 and 2014) to delineate changes in species distributions in space and time. Phylogenetic analysis of contemporary samples confirmed the presence of a bay-localized clade and revealed the presence of an additional bay-localized and previously undescribed clade of Leptasterias. Analysis of contemporary and historic samples indicates two clades are experiencing a constriction in their southern range limit and suggests a decrease in clade-specific abundance at sites at which they were once prevalent. Historic sampling revealed a dramatically different distribution of diversity along the California coastline compared to contemporary sampling and illustrates the importance of temporal genetic sampling in phylogeographic studies. These samples were collected prior to significant impacts of Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) and represent an in-depth analysis of genetic structure over 117 years prior to the SSWD-associated mass die-off of Leptasterias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Melroy
- Department of BiologyEstuary & Ocean Science CenterSan Francisco State UniversityTiburonCAUSA
| | - C. Sarah Cohen
- Department of BiologyEstuary & Ocean Science CenterSan Francisco State UniversityTiburonCAUSA
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3
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Reproduction in Urbanised Coastal Waters: Shallow-Water Sea Anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor and Stichodactyla haddoni) Maintain High Genetic Diversity and Panmixia. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones are sedentary marine animals that tend to disperse via planktonic larvae and are predicted to have high population connectivity in undisturbed habitats. We test whether two sea anemone species living in two different tidal zones of a highly disturbed marine environment can maintain high genetic connectivity. More than 1000 loci with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained with double-digest RADseq for 81 Stichodactyla haddoni and 99 Entacmaea quadricolor individuals to test for population genetic structure. We find evidence that both species predominantly propagate via sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction is limited. We observe panmixia that indicates the absence of effective dispersal barriers for these species living in a highly anthropogenically disturbed environment. This is positive news for both species that are also found in the aquarium trade. More fundamentally, our results suggest that inhabiting different parts of a shallow reef may not affect a species’ population connectivity nor favour asexual reproduction.
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4
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Hargarten HL, Johansson ML, Reed DC, Coelho NC, Siegel DA, Alberto F. Seascape genetics of the stalked kelp Pterygophora californica and comparative population genetics in the Santa Barbara Channel. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:110-120. [PMID: 31513719 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a population genetic analysis of the stalked kelp, Pterygophora californica, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA. The results were compared with previous work on the genetic differentiation of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in the same region. These two sympatric kelps not only share many life history and dispersal characteristics but also differ in that dislodged P. californica does not produce floating rafts with buoyant fertile sporophytes, commonly observed for M. pyrifera. We used a comparative population genetic approach with these two species to test the hypothesis that the ability to produce floating rafts increases the genetic connectivity among kelp patches in the Santa Barbara Channel. We quantified the association of habitat continuity and oceanographic distance with the genetic differentiation observed in stalked kelp, like previously conducted for giant kelp. We compared both overall (across all patches) and pairwise (between patches) genetic differentiation. We found that oceanographic transit time, habitat continuity, and geographic distance were all associated with genetic connectivity in P. californica, supporting similar previous findings for M. pyrifera. Controlling for differences in heterozygosity between kelp species using Jost's DEST , we showed that global differentiation and pairwise differentiation were similar among patches between the two kelp species, indicating that they have similar dispersal capabilities despite their differences in rafting ability. These results suggest that rafting sporophytes do not play a significant role in effective dispersal of M. pyrifera at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Hargarten
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Wenatchee, Washington, 98801, USA
| | - Mattias L Johansson
- Department of Biology, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, Georgia, 30566, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Nelson C Coelho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - David A Siegel
- Earth Research Institute and Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
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5
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Morales‐González S, Giles EC, Quesada‐Calderón S, Saenz‐Agudelo P. Fine-scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidian Pyura chilensis in the southeastern Pacific. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9855-9868. [PMID: 31534699 PMCID: PMC6745665 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying population structure and genetic diversity at fine spatial scales is key for a better understanding of demographic processes that influence population connectivity. This is particularly important in marine benthic organisms that rely on larval dispersal to maintain connectivity among populations. Here, we report the results of a genetic survey of the ascidian Pyura chilensis from three localities along the southeastern Pacific. This study follows up on a previous report that described a genetic break in this region among localities only 20 km apart. By implementing a hierarchical sampling design at four spatial levels and using ten polymorphic microsatellite markers, we test whether differences in fine-scale population structure explain the previously reported genetic break. We compared genetic spatial autocorrelations, as well as kinship and relatedness distributions within and among localities adjacent to the genetic break. We found no evidence of significant autocorrelation at the scale up to 50 m despite the low dispersal potential of P. chilensis that has been reported in the literature. We also found that the proportion of related individuals in close proximity (<1 km) was higher than the proportion of related individuals further apart. These results were consistent in the three localities. Our results suggest that the spatial distribution of related individuals can be nonrandom at small spatial scales and suggests that dispersal might be occasionally limited in this species or that larval cohorts can disperse in the plankton as clustered groups. Overall, this study sheds light on new aspects of the life of this ascidian as well as confirms the presence of a genetic break at 39°S latitude. Also, our data indicate there is not enough evidence to confirm that this genetic break can be explained by differences in fine-scale genetic patterns among localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Morales‐González
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Magister en Ciencias Mención GenéticaEscuela de GraduadosFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Emily C. Giles
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ecología y EvoluciónEscuela de GraduadosFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Suany Quesada‐Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ecología y EvoluciónEscuela de GraduadosFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
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6
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Morris RL, Martinez AS, Firth LB, Coleman RA. Can transplanting enhance mobile marine invertebrates in ecologically engineered rock pools? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:119-127. [PMID: 30131177 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of eco-engineering has burgeoned in recent years in response to the proliferation of artificial structures. Adding water-retaining features to seawalls has been successful in increasing biodiversity relative to the surrounding structure. Artificial rock pools may not, however, completely mimic natural rock pools. Here, we compared natural colonisation, through dispersal and recruitment, of intertidal mobile species to water-retaining flowerpots on seawalls with that into rock pools. This represents the more usual 'passive' approach to eco-engineering where features are built to enhance biodiversity and are allowed to colonise naturally, as opposed to seeding or transplanting organisms to features. While flowerpots supported some mobile species not found on the seawall, other species common on natural shores did not recruit to flowerpots. Thus, in a second experiment we tested the effectiveness of an 'active' approach through transplanting mobile organisms to flowerpots to expedite the colonisation process. For the species examined, however, most individuals did not stay in the flowerpots for more than 24 h after being transplanted. Further understanding of the processes (e.g. dispersal distances, recruitment) influencing colonisation of eco-engineered habitats is needed to effectively inform management of marine infrastructure, particularly for projects targeted at restoration rather than enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Morris
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Aline S Martinez
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ross A Coleman
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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7
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Dohner M, Phillips NE, Ritchie PA. Fine-scale genetic structure across a New Zealand disjunction for the direct-developing intertidal whelk Cominella maculosa (Gastropoda: Buccinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dohner
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole E Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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8
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Morse P, Kjeldsen SR, Meekan MG, Mccormick MI, Finn JK, Huffard CL, Zenger KR. Genome-wide comparisons reveal a clinal species pattern within a holobenthic octopod-the Australian Southern blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2253-2267. [PMID: 29468041 PMCID: PMC5817145 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The southern blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883) lacks a planktonic dispersal phase, yet ranges across Australia's southern coastline. This species' brief and holobenthic life history suggests gene flow might be limited, leaving distant populations prone to strong genetic divergence. This study used 17,523 genome-wide SNP loci to investigate genetic structuring and local adaptation patterns of H. maculosa among eight sampling sites along its reported range. Within sites, interrelatedness was very high, consistent with the limited dispersal of this taxon. However, inbreeding coefficients were proportionally lower among sites where substructuring was not detected, suggesting H. maculosa might possess a mechanism for inbreeding avoidance. Genetic divergence was extremely high among all sites, with the greatest divergence observed between both ends of the distribution, Fremantle, WA, and Stanley, TAS. Genetic distances closely followed an isolation by geographic distance pattern. Outlier analyses revealed distinct selection signatures at all sites, with the strongest divergence reported between Fremantle and the other Western Australian sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the described sister taxon H. fasciata (Hoyle, 1886) further supported that the genetic divergence between distal H. maculosa sites in this study was equivalent to that of between established heterospecifics within this genus. However, it is advocated that taxonomic delineations within this species should be made with caution. These data indicate that H. maculosa forms a clinal species pattern across its geographic range, with gene flow present through allele sharing between adjacent populations. Morphological investigations are recommended for a robust resolution of the taxonomic identity and ecotype boundaries of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Morse
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceUWA Oceans InstituteCrawleyWAAustralia
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Shannon R. Kjeldsen
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Mark G. Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceUWA Oceans InstituteCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Mark I. Mccormick
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | | | - Christine L. Huffard
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCAUSA
- California Academy of SciencesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Kyall R. Zenger
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
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9
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Modica MV, Russini V, Fassio G, Oliverio M. Do larval types affect genetic connectivity at sea? Testing hypothesis in two sibling marine gastropods with contrasting larval development. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 127:92-101. [PMID: 28413103 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In marine environments, connectivity among populations of benthic invertebrates is provided primarily by dispersion of larvae, with the duration of pelagic larval phase (PLD) supposed to represent one of the major factor affecting connectivity. In marine gastropods, PLD is linked to specific larval development types, which may be entirely intracapsular (thus lacking a pelagic dispersal), or include a short pelagic lecithotrophic or a long planktotrophic phase. In the present study, we investigated two sibling species of the cosmopolitan neogastropod genus Columbella (commonly known as dove shells): Columbella adansoni Menke, 1853, from the Macaronesian Atlantic archipelagos, with planktotrophic development, and Columbella rustica Linnaeus, 1758, from the Mediterranean Sea, with intracapsular development. We expected to find differences between these two sister species, in terms of phylogeographic structure, levels of genetic diversification and spatial distribution of genetic diversity, if PLD was actually a relevant factor affecting connectivity. By analysing the sequence variation at the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in 167 specimens of the two species, collected over a comparable geographic range, we found that Columbella adansoni, the species with planktotrophic development, and thus longer PLD, showed no phylogeographic structure, lower levels of genetic diversity, interpopulational variance lower than the intrapopulational one and no spatial structure in the distribution of the genetic diversity; Columbella rustica, the species with intracapsular development, thus with evidently lower dispersal abilities, showed a clear phylogeographic structure, higher levels of genetic diversity, high interpopulational and low intrapopulational variance, and a clear signature of global spatial structure in the distribution of the genetic diversity. Thus, in this study, two sibling species differing almost only in their larval ecology (and PLD), when compared for their genetic variation showed patterns supporting the hypothesis that PLD is a major factor affecting genetic connectivity. Therefore, it seems reasonable to expect that the ecological attributes of the marine communities - also in terms of the variation in larval ecology of the species involved - are taken into the due consideration in conservation actions, like the design of marine protected areas networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Modica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", 'La Sapienza' University, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Russini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", 'La Sapienza' University, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fassio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", 'La Sapienza' University, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Oliverio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", 'La Sapienza' University, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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10
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Martinez AS, Queiroz EV, Bryson M, Byrne M, Coleman RA. Incorporating in situ
habitat patchiness in site selection models reveals that site fidelity is not always a consequence of animal choice. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:847-856. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline S. Martinez
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Eduardo V. Queiroz
- Coastal and Regional Oceanography; School of Mathematics and Statistics; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mitch Bryson
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ross A. Coleman
- Coastal & Marine Ecosystems; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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11
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Puritz JB, Keever CC, Addison JA, Barbosa SS, Byrne M, Hart MW, Grosberg RK, Toonen RJ. Life-history predicts past and present population connectivity in two sympatric sea stars. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3916-3930. [PMID: 28616188 PMCID: PMC5468144 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Life‐history traits, especially the mode and duration of larval development, are expected to strongly influence the population connectivity and phylogeography of marine species. Comparative analysis of sympatric, closely related species with differing life histories provides the opportunity to specifically investigate these mechanisms of evolution but have been equivocal in this regard. Here, we sample two sympatric sea stars across the same geographic range in temperate waters of Australia. Using a combination of mitochondrial DNA sequences, nuclear DNA sequences, and microsatellite genotypes, we show that the benthic‐developing sea star, Parvulastra exigua, has lower levels of within‐ and among‐population genetic diversity, more inferred genetic clusters, and higher levels of hierarchical and pairwise population structure than Meridiastra calcar, a species with planktonic development. While both species have populations that have diverged since the middle of the second glacial period of the Pleistocene, most P. exigua populations have origins after the last glacial maxima (LGM), whereas most M. calcar populations diverged long before the LGM. Our results indicate that phylogenetic patterns of these two species are consistent with predicted dispersal abilities; the benthic‐developing P. exigua shows a pattern of extirpation during the LGM with subsequent recolonization, whereas the planktonic‐developing M. calcar shows a pattern of persistence and isolation during the LGM with subsequent post‐Pleistocene introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Puritz
- Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant MA USA.,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Kāne'ohe HI USA
| | - Carson C Keever
- Department of Biology Kwantlen Polytechnic University Surrey BC Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Jason A Addison
- Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB Canada
| | - Sergio S Barbosa
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Michael W Hart
- Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada.,Crawford LabCentre for Evolutionary Studies Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Richard K Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis Davis CA USA
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Kāne'ohe HI USA
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12
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Garcia-Cisneros A, Palacín C, Ben Khadra Y, Pérez-Portela R. Low genetic diversity and recent demographic expansion in the red starfish Echinaster sepositus (Retzius 1816). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33269. [PMID: 27627860 PMCID: PMC5024105 DOI: 10.1038/srep33269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the phylogeography and genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible of patterns therein is crucial for evaluating the vulnerability of marine species and developing management strategies. In this study, we explore how past climatic events and ongoing oceanographic and demographic processes have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of the Atlanto-Mediterranean red starfish Echinaster sepositus. The species is relatively abundant in some areas of the Mediterranean Sea, but some populations have dramatically decreased over recent years due to direct extraction for ornamental aquariums and souvenir industries. Analyses across most of the distribution range of the species based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and eight microsatellite loci revealed very low intraspecific genetic diversity. The species showed a weak genetic structure within marine basins despite the a priori low dispersal potential of its lecithotrophic larva. Our results also revealed a very recent demographic expansion across the distribution range of the species. The genetic data presented here indicate that the species might be highly vulnerable, due to its low intraspecific genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Garcia-Cisneros
- Animal Biology Department and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), Barcelona University, Avda. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, Spain.,Center of Advanced Studies of Blanes (CSIC-CEAB), Accès cala St. Francesc, 14, Blanes, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- Animal Biology Department and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO), Barcelona University, Avda. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yousra Ben Khadra
- Laboratoire de Recherche Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Av. Tahar Haddad, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Center of Advanced Studies of Blanes (CSIC-CEAB), Accès cala St. Francesc, 14, Blanes, Spain
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13
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Ellingson RA, Krug PJ. Reduced genetic diversity and increased reproductive isolation follow population-level loss of larval dispersal in a marine gastropod. Evolution 2015; 70:18-37. [PMID: 26635309 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Population-level consequences of dispersal ability remain poorly understood, especially for marine animals in which dispersal is typically considered a species-level trait governed by oceanographic transport of microscopic larvae. Transitions from dispersive (planktotrophic) to nondispersive, aplanktonic larvae are predicted to reduce connectivity, genetic diversity within populations, and the spatial scale at which reproductive isolation evolves. However, larval dimorphism within a species is rare, precluding population-level tests. We show the sea slug Costasiella ocellifera expresses both larval morphs in Florida and the Caribbean, regions with divergent mitochondrial lineages. Planktotrophy predominated at 11 sites, 10 of which formed a highly connected and genetically diverse Caribbean metapopulation. Four populations expressed mainly aplanktonic development and had markedly reduced connectivity, and lower genetic diversity at one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci. Aplanktonic dams showed partial postzygotic isolation in most interpopulation crosses, regardless of genetic or geographic distance to the sire's source, suggesting that outbreeding depression affects fragmented populations. Dams from genetically isolated and neighboring populations also exhibited premating isolation, consistent with reinforcement contingent on historical interaction. By increasing self-recruitment and genetic drift, the loss of dispersal may thus initiate a feedback loop resulting in the evolution of reproductive isolation over small spatial scales in the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Ellingson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201
| | - Patrick J Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201.
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Weber AAT, Mérigot B, Valière S, Chenuil A. Influence of the larval phase on connectivity: strong differences in the genetic structure of brooders and broadcasters in the Ophioderma longicauda species complex. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:6080-94. [PMID: 26547515 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Closely related species with divergent life history traits are excellent models to infer the role of such traits in genetic diversity and connectivity. Ophioderma longicauda is a brittle star species complex composed of different genetic clusters, including brooders and broadcasters. These species diverged very recently and some of them are sympatric and ecologically syntopic, making them particularly suitable to study the consequences of their trait differences. At the scale of the geographic distribution of the broadcasters (Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic), we sequenced the mitochondrial marker COI and genotyped an intron (i51) for 788 individuals. In addition, we sequenced 10 nuclear loci newly developed from transcriptome sequences, for six sympatric populations of brooders and broadcasters from Greece. At the large scale, we found a high genetic structure within the brooders (COI: 0.07 < F(ST) < 0.65) and no polymorphism at the nuclear locus i51. In contrast, the broadcasters displayed lower genetic structure (0 < F(ST) < 0.14) and were polymorphic at locus i51. At the regional scale, the multilocus analysis confirmed the contrasting genetic structure between species, with no structure in the broadcasters (global F(ST) < 0.001) and strong structure in the brooders (global F(ST) = 0.49), and revealed a higher genetic diversity in broadcasters. Our study showed that the lecithotrophic larval stage allows on average a 50-fold increase in migration rates, a 280-fold increase in effective size and a threefold to fourfold increase in genetic diversity. Our work, investigating complementary genetic markers on sympatric and syntopic taxa, highlights the strong impact of the larval phase on connectivity and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A-T Weber
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) - CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007, Marseille, France.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Mérigot
- Université de Montpellier, UMR MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation MARBEC (IRD, IFREMER, UM, CNRS), Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet - BP 171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France
| | - S Valière
- INRA, UAR1209 (Département de Génétique Animale), Get-PlaGe, Genotoul, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Chenuil
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) - CNRS - IRD - UAPV, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007, Marseille, France
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White KN, Reimer JD, Lorion J. Preliminary analyses reveal strong genetic structure in populations of Leucothoe vulgaris (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Leucothoidae) from Okinawa, Japan. SYST BIODIVERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2015.1078856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry & Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science & Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Julien Lorion
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry & Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science & Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, 1M-Dock Road, Koror 96940, Republic of Palau
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Kesäniemi JE, Mustonen M, Boström C, Hansen BW, Knott KE. Temporal genetic structure in a poecilogonous polychaete: the interplay of developmental mode and environmental stochasticity. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:12. [PMID: 24447386 PMCID: PMC3905951 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal variation in the genetic structure of populations can be caused by multiple factors, including natural selection, stochastic environmental variation, migration, or genetic drift. In benthic marine species, the developmental mode of larvae may indicate a possibility for temporal genetic variation: species with dispersive planktonic larvae are expected to be more likely to show temporal genetic variation than species with benthic or brooded non-dispersive larvae, due to differences in larval mortality and dispersal ability. We examined temporal genetic structure in populations of Pygospio elegans, a poecilogonous polychaete with within-species variation in developmental mode. P. elegans produces either planktonic, benthic, or intermediate larvae, varying both among and within populations, providing a within-species test of the generality of a relationship between temporal genetic variation and larval developmental mode. Results In contrast to our expectations, our microsatellite analyses of P. elegans revealed temporal genetic stability in the UK population with planktonic larvae, whereas there was variation indicative of drift in temporal samples of the populations from the Baltic Sea, which have predominantly benthic and intermediate larvae. We also detected temporal variation in relatedness within these populations. A large temporal shift in genetic structure was detected in a population from the Netherlands, having multiple developmental modes. This shift could have been caused by local extiction due to extreme environmental conditions and (re)colonization by planktonic larvae from neighboring populations. Conclusions In our study of P. elegans, temporal genetic variation appears to be due to not only larval developmental mode, but also the stochastic environment of adults. Large temporal genetic shifts may be more likely in marine intertidal habitats (e.g. North Sea and Wadden Sea) which are more prone to environmental stochasticity than the sub-tidal Baltic habitats. Sub-tidal and/or brackish (less saline) habitats may support smaller P. elegans populations and these may be more susceptible to the effects of random genetic drift. Moreover, higher frequencies of asexual reproduction and the benthic larval developmental mode in these populations leads to higher relatedness and contributes to drift. Our results indicate that a general relationship between larval developmental mode and temporal genetic variation may not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni E Kesäniemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P,O, Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland.
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Pálsson S, Magnúsdóttir H, Reynisdóttir S, Jónsson ZO, Örnólfsdóttir EB. Divergence and molecular variation in common whelkBuccinum undatum(Gastropoda: Buccinidae) in Iceland: a trans-Atlantic comparison. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snaebjörn Pálsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Iceland; Sturlugata 7101 Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Hildur Magnúsdóttir
- Vör Marine Research Center at Breiðafjörður; Norðurtanga 355 Snaefellsbaer Iceland
| | - Sigrún Reynisdóttir
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Iceland; Sturlugata 7101 Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Zophonías O. Jónsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Iceland; Sturlugata 7101 Reykjavík Iceland
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Keever CC, Puritz JB, Addison JA, Byrne M, Grosberg RK, Toonen RJ, Hart MW. Shallow gene pools in the high intertidal: extreme loss of genetic diversity in viviparous sea stars (Parvulastra). Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130551. [PMID: 23925835 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We document an extreme example of reproductive trait evolution that affects population genetic structure in sister species of Parvulastra cushion stars from Australia. Self-fertilization by hermaphroditic adults and brood protection of benthic larvae causes strong inbreeding and range-wide genetic poverty. Most samples were fixed for a single allele at nearly all nuclear loci; heterozygotes were extremely rare (0.18%); mitochondrial DNA sequences were more variable, but few populations shared haplotypes in common. Isolation-with-migration models suggest that these patterns are caused by population bottlenecks (relative to ancestral population size) and low gene flow. Loss of genetic diversity and low potential for dispersal between high-intertidal habitats may have dire consequences for extinction risk and potential for future adaptive evolution in response to climate and other selective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson C Keever
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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