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Boronkay G, Hamar-Farkas D, Kisvarga S, Békefi Z, Neményi A, Orlóci L. Developing a Colorimetrically Balanced, Measurement-Based Petal Colour System for Cultivated Rose ( Rosa L. Cultivars) and the Resulting Colour Categories. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1368. [PMID: 38794440 PMCID: PMC11124980 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
There is no practical and at the same time objective colour system available for describing cultivated roses (Rosa L. cultivars). For this reason, a new colour classification system was developed which is colorimetrically balanced and appropriate for algorithmic colour identification; however, it is also suitable for field-work. The system is based on the following colorimetric criteria: (A) Each colour category is characterised by a measured petal colour in the CIE L*a*b* standard as the centroid of the category. (B) The CIEDE2000 colour differences between the adjacent centroid colours are limited (5 < ΔE00 < 7). (C) The maximal colour difference between the measured colours in a category is also limited (to 12.12 ΔE00). (D) A measured petal colour can only be classified into an existing category if the colour difference from the centroid colour of the given category is less than 5.81 ΔE00, otherwise a new category is required. (E) A category is only considered non-redundant if it has at least one measured petal colour that cannot be classified elsewhere. (F) The classification of the petal colours is based on the least colour difference from the centroid colours. As a result, 133 colour categories were required for describing all the 8139 petal colours of the rose cultivars of the Budatétény Rose Garden (Hungary). Each colour category has the following parameters: standardised colour name, the colorimetric parameters of the centroid, grouping, RHS colour chart coding, and reference cultivars, which are described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Boronkay
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (D.H.-F.); (S.K.); (A.N.); (L.O.)
| | - Dóra Hamar-Farkas
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (D.H.-F.); (S.K.); (A.N.); (L.O.)
| | - Szilvia Kisvarga
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (D.H.-F.); (S.K.); (A.N.); (L.O.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Békefi
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - András Neményi
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (D.H.-F.); (S.K.); (A.N.); (L.O.)
| | - László Orlóci
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly út 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (D.H.-F.); (S.K.); (A.N.); (L.O.)
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Peng F, Sun X, van Vloten C, Correll J, Langdon M, Ngochanthra W, Johnson K, Amador Kane S. Hybrid Mimulus flowers attract a new pollinator. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1324-1332. [PMID: 38482697 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hybridization is common in flowering plants and is believed to be an important force driving adaptation and speciation. The flowers of hybrids often exhibit new trait combinations, which, theoretically, could attract new species of pollinators. In this study, we found that the hybrids between a hummingbird-pollinated species Mimulus cardinalis and a self-pollinated species Mimulus parishii attract bumblebees (Bombus impatiens), a pollinator not attracted to either of the progenitor species. This novel attraction is explained by new combinations of floral traits in hybrids, including, most importantly, petal color, in addition to nectar concentration and corolla size. To understand how petal color variation is perceived by bumblebees, we performed reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging to model the flower appearance in bee vision. This analysis showed that color variation would impact the ease of detection. We also found that YUP, the genetic locus responsible for a large portion of floral color variation and previously shown to be important in bee interactions with other Mimulus species, also played an important role in this novel attraction. These results together suggest that the attraction of new pollinators to hybrid plants could be an underexplored avenue for pollinator shift and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foen Peng
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | | | - Jude Correll
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Marlena Langdon
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | | | - Karl Johnson
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Suzanne Amador Kane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
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Wrinkle nanostructures generate a novel form of blue structural color in great argus flight feathers. iScience 2022; 26:105912. [PMID: 36691618 PMCID: PMC9860389 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently known structural colors in feathers are caused by light scattering from periodic or amorphous arrangements of keratin, melanin, and air within barbs and barbules that comprise the feather vane. Structural coloration in the largest part of the feather, the central rachis, is rare. Here, we report on an investigation of the physical mechanisms underlying the only known case of structural coloration in the rachis, the blue rachis of great argus (Argusianus argus) flight feathers. Spectrophotometry revealed a reflectance peak at 344 nm that is diffuse and well matched to the blue and UV-sensitive cone sensitivities of this species' visual system. A combination of electron microscopy and optical modeling confirmed blue coloration is generated by scattering from amorphous wrinkle nanostructures 125 nm deep and 385 nm apart, a new avian coloration mechanism. These findings have implications for understanding how novel courtship phenotypes arise through evolutionary modification of existing ontogenetic templates.
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Evaluating different metrics to study small color differences: the red bill and plumage of common waxbills as a case study. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Tosetto L, Williamson JE, White TE, Hart NS. Can the Dynamic Colouration and Patterning of Bluelined Goatfish (Mullidae; Upeneichthys lineatus) Be Perceived by Conspecifics? BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:103-123. [PMID: 34856558 DOI: 10.1159/000519894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bluelined goatfish (Upeneichthys lineatus) exhibit dynamic body colour changes and transform rapidly from a pale, buff/white, horizontally banded pattern to a conspicuous, vertically striped, red pattern when foraging. This red pattern is potentially an important foraging signal for communication with conspecifics, provided that U. lineatus can detect and discriminate the pattern. Using both physiological and behavioural experiments, we first examined whether U. lineatus possess visual pigments with sensitivity to long ("red") wavelengths of light, and whether they can discriminate the colour red. Microspectrophotometric measurements of retinal photoreceptors showed that while U. lineatuslack visual pigments dedicated to the red part of the spectrum, their pigments likely confer some sensitivity in this spectral band. Behavioural colour discrimination experiments suggested that U. lineatuscan distinguish a red reward stimulus from a grey distractor stimulus of variable brightness. Furthermore, when presented with red stimuli of varying brightness they could mostly discriminate the darker and lighter reds from the grey distractor. We also obtained anatomical estimates of visual acuity, which suggest that U. lineatus can resolve the contrasting bands of conspecifics approximately 7 m away in clear waters. Finally, we measured the spectral reflectance of the red and white colouration on the goatfish body. Visual models suggest that U. lineatus can discriminate both chromatic and achromatic differences in body colouration where longer wavelength light is available. This study demonstrates that U. lineatus have the capacity for colour vision and can likely discriminate colours in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum where the red body pattern reflects light strongly. The ability to see red may therefore provide an advantage in recognising visual signals from conspecifics. This research furthers our understanding of how visual signals have co-evolved with visual abilities, and the role of visual communication in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tosetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas E White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan S Hart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Luo H, Xiao H, Liang Y, Liu N, Turner C, Tan S, Chen X, Xiong D, Yang B. Batesian mimicry in the nonrewarding saprophytic orchid Danxiaorchis yangii. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2524-2534. [PMID: 33767819 PMCID: PMC7981215 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Batesian mimicry, a type of deceptive pollination, is a complicated strategy used by nonrewarding plants to attract pollinators, but some hypotheses concerning this have not been systematically verified. In order to show in detail a case of Batesian mimicry on saprophytic orchid Danxiaorchis yangii, the ecological relationship between Danxiaorchis yangii, Lysimachia alfredi and Dufourea spp. was explored. Lysimachia alfredi could provide a reward to Dufourea sp., whereas Danxiaorchis yangii not. The floral morphology and geographical distribution of these two plants were highly overlapping, and the fruit set rate of Danxiaorchis yangii was significantly positively correlated with the number of nearby L. alfredi individuals. In a glass cylinder experiment, Danxiaorchis yangii and L. alfredi attracted Dufourea spp. through visual signals, but the insect could not distinguish between flowers of the two plants before landing on flowers. The ultraviolet reflection spectra of flowers between the two plant species were highly similar. In the hexagonal color models constructed according to the visual characteristics of bees, the flower color signals of these two plant species highly overlap, indicating that the visual signals of the flowers of the two plants to the pollinator were greatly similar. All of these results provided evidence that Danxiaorchis yangii simulated the visual signals of L. alfredi through Batesian mimicry, thereby deceptively attracting Dufourea spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huolin Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Hanwen Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Jiangxi Jiulianshan National Nature ReserveGanzhouChina
| | - Nannan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Cassidy Turner
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityScottsdaleAZUSA
| | - Shaolin Tan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xinghui Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Dongjin Xiong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Boyun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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7
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Martins AE, Camargo MGG, Morellato LPC. Flowering Phenology and the Influence of Seasonality in Flower Conspicuousness for Bees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:594538. [PMID: 33664750 PMCID: PMC7921784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flowering patterns are crucial to understand the dynamics of plant reproduction and resource availability for pollinators. Seasonal climate constrains flower and leaf phenology, where leaf and flower colors likely differ between seasons. Color is the main floral trait attracting pollinators; however, seasonal changes in the leaf-background coloration affect the perception of flower color contrasts by pollinators. For a seasonally dry woody cerrado community (Brazilian savanna) mainly pollinated by bees, we verified whether seasonality affects flower color diversity over time and if flower color contrasts of bee-pollinated species differ between seasons due to changes in the leaf-background coloration. For 140 species, we classified flower colors based on human-color vision, and for 99 species, we classified flower colors based on bee-color vision (spectral measurements). We described the community's flowering pattern according to the flower colors using a unique 11 years phenological database. For the 43 bee-pollinated species in which reflectance data were also available, we compared flower color diversity and contrasts against the background between seasons, considering the background coloration of each season. Flowering was markedly seasonal, peaking at the end of the dry season (September), when the highest diversity of flower colors was observed. Yellow flowers were observed all year round, whereas white flowers were seasonal, peaking during the dry season, and pink flowers predominated in the wet season, peaking in March. Bee-bluegreen flowers peaked between September and October. Flowers from the wet and dry seasons were similarly conspicuous against their corresponding background. Regardless of flowering season, the yellowish background of the dry season promoted higher flower color contrast for all flower species, whereas the greener background of the wet season promoted a higher green contrast. Temporal patterns of flower colors and color contrasts were related to the cerrado seasonality, but also to bee's activity, visual system, and behavior. Background coloration affected flower contrasts, favoring flower conspicuousness to bees according to the season. Thus, our results provide new insights regarding the temporal patterns of plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Eburneo Martins
- Phenology Laboratory, Department of Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Whitney KD, Smith AK, White TE, Williams CF. Birds Perceive More Intraspecific Color Variation in Bird-Pollinated Than Bee-Pollinated Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590347. [PMID: 33281850 PMCID: PMC7705070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator-mediated selection is expected to constrain floral color variation within plant populations. Here, we test for patterns of constraint on floral color variation in 38 bee- and/or hummingbird-pollinated plant species from Colorado, United States. We collected reflectance spectra for at least 15 individuals in each of 1-3 populations of each species (total 78 populations) and modeled perceived color variation in both bee and bird visual spaces. We hypothesized that bees would perceive less intraspecific color variation in bee-pollinated species (vs. bird-pollinated species), and reciprocally, birds would perceive less color variation in bird-pollinated species (vs. bee-pollinated species). In keeping with the higher dimensionality of the bird visual system, birds typically perceived much more color variation than bees, regardless of plant pollination system. Contrary to our hypothesis, bees perceived equal color variation within plant species from the two pollination systems, and birds perceived more color variation in species that they pollinate than in bee-pollinated species. We propose hypotheses to account for the results, including reduced long-wavelength sensitivity in bees (vs. birds), and the ideas that potential categorical color vision in birds and larger cognitive capacities of birds (vs. bees) reduces their potential discrimination against floral color variants in species that they pollinate, resulting in less stabilizing selection on color within bird-pollinated vs. bee-pollinated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States
| | - Asher K. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States
| | - Thomas E. White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles F. Williams
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
- Ray J. Davis Herbarium, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello, ID, United States
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9
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Conspecific and Predator Perception of the Red Oophaga pumilio Morph from the Central Caribbean of Costa Rica. J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1670/19-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Paine KC, White TE, Whitney KD. Intraspecific floral color variation as perceived by pollinators and non-pollinators: evidence for pollinator-imposed constraints? Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kane SA, Wang Y, Fang R, Lu Y, Dakin R. How conspicuous are peacock eyespots and other colorful feathers in the eyes of mammalian predators? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210924. [PMID: 31017903 PMCID: PMC6481771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorful feathers have long been assumed to be conspicuous to predators, and hence likely to incur costs due to enhanced predation risk. However, many mammals that prey on birds have dichromatic visual systems with only two types of color-sensitive visual receptors, rather than the three and four photoreceptors characteristic of humans and most birds, respectively. Here, we use a combination of multispectral imaging, reflectance spectroscopy, color vision modelling and visual texture analysis to compare the visual signals available to conspecifics and to mammalian predators from multicolored feathers from the Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus), as well as red and yellow parrot feathers. We also model the effects of distance-dependent blurring due to visual acuity. When viewed by birds against green vegetation, most of the feathers studied are estimated to have color and brightness contrasts similar to values previously found for ripe fruit. On the other hand, for dichromat mammalian predators, visual contrasts for these feathers were only weakly detectable and often below detection thresholds for typical viewing distances. We also show that for dichromat mammal vision models, the peacock's train has below-detection threshold color and brightness contrasts and visual textures that match various foliage backgrounds. These findings are consistent with many feathers of similar hue to those studied here being inconspicuous, and in some cases potentially cryptic, in the eyes of common mammalian predators of adult birds. Given that birds perform many conspicuous motions and behaviors, this study suggests that mammalian predators are more likely to use other sensory modalities (e.g., motion detection, hearing, and olfaction), rather than color vision, to detect avian prey. This suggests new directions for future behavioral studies and emphasizes the importance of understanding the influence of the sensory ecology of predators in the evolution of animal coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Amador Kane
- Physics & Astronomy Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Physics & Astronomy Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rui Fang
- Physics & Astronomy Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yabin Lu
- Physics & Astronomy Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roslyn Dakin
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
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12
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de Camargo MGG, Lunau K, Batalha MA, Brings S, de Brito VLG, Morellato LPC. How flower colour signals allure bees and hummingbirds: a community-level test of the bee avoidance hypothesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1112-1122. [PMID: 30444536 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Colour signals are the main floral trait for plant-pollinator communication. Owing to visual specificities, flower visitors exert different selective pressures on flower colour signals of plant communities. Although they evolved to attract pollinators, matching their visual sensitivity and colour preferences, floral signals may also evolve to avoid less efficient pollinators and antagonistic flower visitors. We evaluated evidence for the bee avoidance hypothesis in a Neotropical community pollinated mainly by bees and hummingbirds, the campo rupestre. We analysed flower reflectance spectra, compared colour variables of bee-pollinated flowers (bee-flowers; 244 species) and hummingbird-pollinated flowers (hummingbird-flowers; 39 species), and looked for evidence of bee sensorial exclusion in hummingbird-flowers. Flowers were equally contrasting for hummingbirds. Hummingbird-flowers were less conspicuous to bees, reflecting mainly long wavelengths and avoiding red-blind visitors. Bee-flowers reflected more short wavelengths, were more conspicuous to bees (higher contrasts and spectral purity) than hummingbird-flowers and displayed floral guides more frequently, favouring flower attractiveness, discrimination and handling by bees. Along with no phylogenetic signal, the differences in colour signal strategies between bee- and hummingbird-flowers are the first evidence of the bee avoidance hypothesis at a community level and reinforce the role of pollinators as a selective pressure driving flower colour diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Gutierrez de Camargo
- Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fenologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Klaus Lunau
- Department Biology, Institute of Sensory Ecology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Antônio Batalha
- Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department Biology, Institute of Sensory Ecology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato
- Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fenologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
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Marcondes RS, Brumfield RT. Fifty shades of brown: Macroevolution of plumage brightness in the Furnariida, a large clade of drab Neotropical passerines. Evolution 2019; 73:704-719. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S. Marcondes
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
| | - Robb T. Brumfield
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
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Hemingson CR, Cowman PF, Hodge JR, Bellwood DR. Colour pattern divergence in reef fish species is rapid and driven by both range overlap and symmetry. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:190-199. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Hemingson
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville4811 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville4811 Australia
| | - Peter F. Cowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville4811 Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Hodge
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis Davis CA95616 USA
| | - David R. Bellwood
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville4811 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville4811 Australia
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15
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Toomey MB, Corbo JC. Evolution, Development and Function of Vertebrate Cone Oil Droplets. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:97. [PMID: 29276475 PMCID: PMC5727011 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish colors, the nervous system must compare the activity of distinct subtypes of photoreceptors that are maximally sensitive to different portions of the light spectrum. In vertebrates, a variety of adaptations have arisen to refine the spectral sensitivity of cone photoreceptors and improve color vision. In this review article, we focus on one such adaptation, the oil droplet, a unique optical organelle found within the inner segment of cone photoreceptors of a diverse array of vertebrate species, from fish to mammals. These droplets, which consist of neutral lipids and carotenoid pigments, are interposed in the path of light through the photoreceptor and modify the intensity and spectrum of light reaching the photosensitive outer segment. In the course of evolution, the optical function of oil droplets has been fine-tuned through changes in carotenoid content. Species active in dim light reduce or eliminate carotenoids to enhance sensitivity, whereas species active in bright light precisely modulate carotenoid double bond conjugation and concentration among cone subtypes to optimize color discrimination and color constancy. Cone oil droplets have sparked the curiosity of vision scientists for more than a century. Accordingly, we begin by briefly reviewing the history of research on oil droplets. We then discuss what is known about the developmental origins of oil droplets. Next, we describe recent advances in understanding the function of oil droplets based on biochemical and optical analyses. Finally, we survey the occurrence and properties of oil droplets across the diversity of vertebrate species and discuss what these patterns indicate about the evolutionary history and function of this intriguing organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Toomey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Bitton PP, Janisse K, Doucet SM. Assessing Sexual Dicromatism: The Importance of Proper Parameterization in Tetrachromatic Visual Models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169810. [PMID: 28076391 PMCID: PMC5226829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual models of animal vision have greatly contributed to our understanding of animal-animal and plant-animal communication. The receptor-noise model of color contrasts has been central to this research as it quantifies the difference between two colors for any visual system of interest. However, if the properties of the visual system are unknown, assumptions regarding parameter values must be made, generally with unknown consequences. In this study, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the receptor-noise model using avian visual system parameters to systematically investigate the influence of variation in light environment, photoreceptor sensitivities, photoreceptor densities, and light transmission properties of the ocular media and the oil droplets. We calculated the chromatic contrast of 15 plumage patches to quantify a dichromatism score for 70 species of Galliformes, a group of birds that display a wide range of sexual dimorphism. We found that the photoreceptor densities and the wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the short-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptor 1 (SWS1) can change dichromatism scores by 50% to 100%. In contrast, the light environment, transmission properties of the oil droplets, transmission properties of the ocular media, and the peak sensitivities of the cone photoreceptors had a smaller impact on the scores. By investigating the effect of varying two or more parameters simultaneously, we further demonstrate that improper parameterization could lead to differences between calculated and actual contrasts of more than 650%. Our findings demonstrate that improper parameterization of tetrachromatic visual models can have very large effects on measures of dichromatism scores, potentially leading to erroneous inferences. We urge more complete characterization of avian retinal properties and recommend that researchers either determine whether their species of interest possess an ultraviolet or near-ultraviolet sensitive SWS1 photoreceptor, or present models for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Paul Bitton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevyn Janisse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stéphanie M. Doucet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Muñoz-Ramírez CP, Bitton PP, Doucet SM, Knowles LL. Mimics here and there, but not everywhere: Müllerian mimicry in Ceroglossus ground beetles? Biol Lett 2016; 12:rsbl.2016.0429. [PMID: 27677815 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground beetle genus Ceroglossus contains co-distributed species that show pronounced intraspecific diversity in the form of geographical colour morphs. While colour morphs among different species appear to match in some geographical regions, in others, there is little apparent colour matching. Mimicry is a potential explanation for covariation in colour patterns, but it is not clear whether the degree of sympatric colour matching is higher than expected by chance given the obvious mismatches among morphs in some regions. Here, we used reflectance spectrometry to quantify elytral coloration from the perspective of an avian predator to test whether colour similarity between species is, indeed, higher in sympatry. After finding no significant phylogenetic signal in the colour data, analyses showed strong statistical support for sympatric colour similarity between species despite the apparent lack of colour matching in some areas. We hypothesize Müllerian mimicry as the responsible mechanism for sympatric colour similarity in Ceroglossus and discuss potential explanations and future directions to elucidate why mimicry has not developed similar levels of interspecific colour resemblance across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Muñoz-Ramírez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
| | - Pierre-Paul Bitton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Biology Building, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Stéphanie M Doucet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Biology Building, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Lacey L Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA
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Thurman TJ, Seymoure BM. A bird's eye view of two mimetic tropical butterflies: coloration matches predator's sensitivity. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Thurman
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC
- The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Panamá Panama
| | - B. M. Seymoure
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
- The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Panamá Panama
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Abstract
Eukaryotes were born of a chimeric union between two prokaryotes--the progenitors of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Early in eukaryote evolution, most mitochondrial genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus, but a core set of genes that code exclusively for products associated with the electron transport system remained in the mitochondrion. The products of these mitochondrial genes work in intimate association with the products of nuclear genes to enable oxidative phosphorylation and core energy production. The need for coadaptation, the challenge of cotransmission, and the possibility of genomic conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes have profound consequences for the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic life. An emerging interdisciplinary field that I call "mitonuclear ecology" is reassessing core concepts in evolutionary ecology including sexual reproduction, two sexes, sexual selection, adaptation, and speciation in light of the interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
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