1
|
Ceríaco LMP, Marques MP, de Sousa ACA, Veríssimo J, Beja P, Ferreira S. Illustrated keys and a DNA barcode reference library of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles (Amphibia, Reptilia) of São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa). Zookeys 2023; 1168:41-75. [PMID: 37415718 PMCID: PMC10320720 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1168.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpetofauna of São Tomé and Príncipe consists of nine species of amphibians, all endemic, and 21 species of terrestrial reptiles, of which 17 are endemic. Our current knowledge regarding its natural history, ecology, and distribution is limited. Here two important tools are provided to support researchers, conservationists, and local authorities in the identification of the country's herpetofauna: an illustrated key to the herpetofauna of the two islands and surroundings islets and a DNA barcode reference library. The keys allow a rapid and unambiguous morphological identification of all occurring species. The DNA barcodes for the entire herpetofauna of the country were produced from 79 specimens, all of which are deposited in museum collections. The barcodes generated are available in online repositories and can be used to provide unambiguous molecular identification of most of the species. Future applications and use of these tools are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Pires Ceríaco
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência & Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1269-102 Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão 875, São Cristóvão, 20941-160 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pimentel Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência & Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1269-102 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Veríssimo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Beja
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência & Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1269-102 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luiselli L, Di Vittorio M, Rhodin AGJ, Iverson JB. Variation of community assembly rules of a whole turtle family (Pelomedusidae) from continental to local scales in Africa. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Luiselli
- Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation Rome Italy
- Department of Applied and Environmental Biology Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt Nigeria
- Department of Zoology University of Lomé Lomé Togo
| | | | - Anders G. J. Rhodin
- Chelonian Research Foundation Arlington Vermont USA
- Turtle Conservancy Ojai California USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liedtke HC, Soler-Navarro DJ, Gomez-Mestre I, Loader SP, Rödel MO. Parallel diversification of the African tree toad genus Nectophryne (Bufonidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107184. [PMID: 33932615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
African amphibian diversity remains underestimated with many cryptic lineages awaiting formal description. An important hotspot of amphibian diversification is the Guineo-Congolian rainforest in Central Africa, its richness attributable to present day and ancestral range fragmentation through geological barriers, habitat expansion and contraction, and the presence of steep ecological gradients. The charismatic Nectophryne tree toads present an interesting case study for diversification in this region. The two formally described species comprising this genus show nearly identical geographic distributions extending across most of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest, but show little morphological disparity. Both species harbour extensive genetic diversity warranting taxonomic revisions, and interestingly, when comparing the subclades within each, the two species show remarkably parallel diversification histories, both in terms of timing of phylogenetic splits and their geographic distributions. This indicates that common processes may have shaped the evolutionary history of these lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Christoph Liedtke
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Diego J Soler-Navarro
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon P Loader
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Biodiversity Dynamics, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vargas-Ramírez M, Caballero S, Morales-Betancourt MA, Lasso CA, Amaya L, Martínez JG, das Neves Silva Viana M, Vogt RC, Farias IP, Hrbek T, Campbell PD, Fritz U. Genomic analyses reveal two species of the matamata (Testudines: Chelidae: Chelus spp.) and clarify their phylogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106823. [PMID: 32278863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The matamata is one of the most charismatic turtles on earth, widely distributed in northern South America. Debates have occurred over whether or not there should be two subspecies or species recognized due to its geographic variation in morphology. Even though the matamata is universally known, its natural history, conservation status and biogeography are largely unexplored. In this study we examined the phylogeographic differentiation of the matamata based on three mitochondrial DNA fragments (2168 bp of the control region, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and the cytochrome b gene), one nuclear genomic DNA fragment (1068 bp of the R35 intron) and 1661 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Our molecular and morphological analyses revealed the existence of two distinct, genetically deeply divergent evolutionary lineages of matamatas that separated in the late Miocene (approximately 12.7 million years ago), corresponding well to the time when the Orinoco Basin was established. As a result of our analyses, we describe the genetically and morphologically highly distinct matamata from the Orinoco and Río Negro Basins and the Essequibo drainage as a species new to science (Chelus orinocensis sp. nov.). Chelus fimbriata sensu stricto is distributed in the Amazon Basin and the Mahury drainage. Additionally, the analyses revealed that each species displays phylogeographic differentiation. For C. orinocensis, there is moderate mitochondrial differentiation between the Orinoco and the Río Negro. For C. fimbriata, there is more pronounced differentiation matching different river systems. One mitochondrial clade was identified from the Amazon, Ucayali, and Mahury Rivers, and another one from the Madeira and Jaci Paraná Rivers. The C. orinocensis in the Essequibo and Branco Rivers have haplotypes that constitute a third clade clustering with C. fimbriata. Phylogenetic analyses of the R35 intron and SNP data link the matamatas from the Essequibo and Branco with the new species, suggesting past gene flow and old mitochondrial introgression. Chelus orinocensis is collected for the pet trade in Colombia and Venezuela. However, neither the extent of the harvest nor its impact are known. Hence, it is crucial to gather more information and to assess its exploitation throughout its distribution range to obtain a better understanding of its conservation status and to design appropriate conservation and management procedures. RESUMEN: La matamata es una de las tortugas más carismáticas del mundo, ampliamente distribuida en el norte de Sudamérica. Debido a su variación morfológica geográfica, se debate sobre el reconocimiento de dos subespecies o especies. A pesar de que la matamata es universalmente conocida, su historia natural, estado de conservación y biogeografía han sido muy poco estudiados. En este estudio examinamos la diferenciación filogeográfica de las matamatas en base a tres fragmentos de ADN mitocondrial (2168 pb de la región de control, la subunidad I del citocromo oxidasa y el gen del citocromo b), un fragmento de ADN genómico nuclear (1068 pb del intrón R35) y 1661 polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs). Nuestros análisis moleculares y morfológicos revelaron la existencia de dos linajes evolutivos distintos de matamatas, genéticamente divergentes que se separaron en el Mioceno tardio (hace aproximadamente 12.7 millones de años), correspondiendo al tiempo en que se estableció la cuenca del Orinoco. Como resultado de nuestros análisis, describimos las genéticamente y morfológicamente distintas matamatas de las cuencas del Orinoco, Río Negro y Essequibo como una especie nueva para la ciencia (Chelus orinocensis sp. nov.). Chelus fimbriata sensu stricto se distribuye en la cuenca del Amazonas y en el drenaje del Mahury. Adicionalmente, los análisis revelaron que cada especie muestra diferenciación filogeográfica. Para C. orinocensis, hay una moderada diferenciación mitocondrial entre el Orinoco y el Río Negro. Para C. fimbriata, hay una diferenciación más pronunciada, concordando con los diferentes sistemas fluviales. Se identificó un clado de los ríos Amazonas, Ucayali y Mahury y otro de los ríos Madeira y Jaci Paraná. Las C. orinocensis de los ríos Essequibo y Branco tienen haplotipos que constituyen un tercer clado que se agrupa con C. fimbriata. Los análisis filogenéticos del intrón R35 y los datos de SNP asocian las matamatas de Essequibo y Branco con la nueva especie, sugiriendo flujo de genes pasado e introgresión mitocondrial antigua. Chelus orinocensis se colecta para el comercio de mascotas en Colombia y Venezuela. Sin embargo, ni se conoce el alcance de las colectas ni su impacto. Por lo tanto, es crucial recopilar más información y evaluar su explotación en todo su rango de distribución, comprender mejor su estado de conservación y para diseñar acciones apropiadas de conservación y manejo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia; Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos-LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica A Morales-Betancourt
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Línea de Recursos Hidrobiológicos, Pesqueros Continentales y Fauna Silvestre, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Línea de Recursos Hidrobiológicos, Pesqueros Continentales y Fauna Silvestre, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Amaya
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos-LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Gregorio Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria das Neves Silva Viana
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Richard C Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrick D Campbell
- Department of Life Sciences, Darwin Centre 1, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Portillo F, Branch WR, Conradie W, Rödel MO, Penner J, Barej MF, Kusamba C, Muninga WM, Aristote MM, Bauer AM, Trape JF, Nagy ZT, Carlino P, Pauwels OS, Menegon M, Burger M, Mazuch T, Jackson K, Hughes DF, Behangana M, Zassi-Boulou AG, Greenbaum E. Phylogeny and biogeography of the African burrowing snake subfamily Aparallactinae (Squamata: Lamprophiidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:288-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Vargas-Ramírez M, del Valle C, Ceballos CP, Fritz U. Trachemys medemin. sp. from northwestern Colombia turns the biogeography of South American slider turtles upside down. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética; Instituto de Genética; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá Colombia
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carlos del Valle
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética; Instituto de Genética; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Claudia P. Ceballos
- Grupo GaMMA; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bell RC, Parra JL, Badjedjea G, Barej MF, Blackburn DC, Burger M, Channing A, Dehling JM, Greenbaum E, Gvoždík V, Kielgast J, Kusamba C, Lötters S, McLaughlin PJ, Nagy ZT, Rödel M, Portik DM, Stuart BL, VanDerWal J, Zassi‐Boulou AG, Zamudio KR. Idiosyncratic responses to climate‐driven forest fragmentation and marine incursions in reed frogs from Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5223-5244. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C. Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Juan L. Parra
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des ressources Aquatiques Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael F. Barej
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Herpetology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola British Virgin Islands
| | - Alan Channing
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
| | - Jonas Maximilian Dehling
- Abteilung Biologie Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology National Museum Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jos Kielgast
- Section of Freshwater Biology Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie Département de Biologie Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel M. Portik
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Biology University of Texas Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiveristy & Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Division of Research and Innovation eResearch Centre James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | | | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ihlow F, Vamberger M, Flecks M, Hartmann T, Cota M, Makchai S, Meewattana P, Dawson JE, Kheng L, Rödder D, Fritz U. Integrative Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Snail-Eating Turtles (Geoemydidae: Malayemys) Reveals a New Species and Mitochondrial Introgression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153108. [PMID: 27050302 PMCID: PMC4822821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on an integrative taxonomic approach, we examine the differentiation of Southeast Asian snail-eating turtles using information from 1863 bp of mitochondrial DNA, 12 microsatellite loci, morphology and a correlative species distribution model. Our analyses reveal three genetically distinct groups with limited mitochondrial introgression in one group. All three groups exhibit distinct nuclear gene pools and distinct morphology. Two of these groups correspond to the previously recognized species Malayemys macrocephala (Chao Phraya Basin) and M. subtrijuga (Lower Mekong Basin). The third and genetically most divergent group from the Khorat Basin represents a previously unrecognized species, which is described herein. Although Malayemys are extensively traded and used for religious release, only few studied turtles appear to be translocated by humans. Historic fluctuations in potential distributions were assessed using species distribution models (SDMs). The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) projection of the predictive SDMs suggests two distinct glacial distribution ranges, implying that the divergence of M. macrocephala and M. subtrijuga occurred in allopatry and was triggered by Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Only the projection derived from the global circulation model MIROC reveals a distinct third glacial distribution range for the newly discovered Malayemys species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ihlow
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Morris Flecks
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hartmann
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Cota
- Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bang Khen, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Makchai
- Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Jeffrey E. Dawson
- Charles H. Hoessle Herpetarium, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Long Kheng
- General Department of Administration for Nature Conservation and Protection, Ministry of Environment, Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|