1
|
Wang CF, Du Y, Guo K, Ji X. Species-Specific Seasonal Shifts in Reproductive Allocation in the Southern Grass Lizard, Takydromus sexlineatus (Lacertidae). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1167. [PMID: 38672315 PMCID: PMC11047575 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed a common garden design to collect data on female reproductive traits from three populations of the southern grass lizard Takydromus sexlineatus, testing the hypothesis that a species-specific pattern of seasonal shifts in reproductive allocation should be shared by geographically separated populations. Of the seven examined traits, six differed among populations, with four of the six also differing among successive clutches. Females grew longer during the breeding season and produced more eggs in the first clutch than in the subsequent clutches; egg size was unchanged throughout the breeding season. After removing the influence of female size or postpartum body mass we found the following. First, postpartum body mass, clutch mass, and relative clutch mass were greater in the Wuzhishan population than in the Shaoguan and Zhaoqing populations. Second, egg size was greatest in the Wuzhishan population and smallest in the Zhaoqing population. Third, clutch size was greatest in the Wuzhishan population and smallest in the Shaoguan population. Females did not trade-off egg size against number within each population × clutch combination. Our study validates the hypothesis tested, supports the conventional view that reproductive output is highly linked to maternal body size in lizards, and follows the classic prediction that females with different amounts of resources to invest in reproduction should give priority to adjusting the total number rather than size of their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (C.-F.W.); (K.G.)
- Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325014, China
| | - Yu Du
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Herpetological Research, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China;
| | - Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (C.-F.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Xiang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (C.-F.W.); (K.G.)
- Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Cui C, Shen H, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Chen X. Morphological variation and its correlation with bioclimatic factors in Odorrana graminea sensu stricto. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1139995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The large green cascade frog (Odorrana graminea sensu stricto) shows significant genetic differentiation in China, forming western, southern, and eastern clades. However, the morphological differentiation among the three clades is unclear, and the influence of bioclimatic factors on morphological variation among clades is unknown. Based on 20 morphological traits of 309 specimens from 28 localities, the present study explored the morphological differentiation and variation among clades and their correlation with bioclimatic factors through the multivariate statistical analysis. The results of the present study showed that O. graminea sensu stricto was divided into western, southern, and eastern morphological groups, and the gene flow between neighboring populations had caused an individual misidentification. With the three-step terrain and population distribution latitude and humidity, the annual mean temperature (Bio1) was significantly different between the southern and eastern–western clades; the maximum temperature of the hottest month (Bio5) was significantly different between the southern and western clades, and the mean temperature of the wettest quarter (Bio8) and the precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were significantly different between the eastern and western–southern clades. The southern clade that was affected by a high temperature had a smaller body size and larger sensory organs, and the eastern clade distributed in highly humid areas had a larger body size and smaller sensory organs. Moreover, the annual mean temperature range (Bio7) was the dominant factor in the morphological variation of O. graminea sensu stricto, and it had significant negative correlations with seven traits of male frogs and four traits of female frogs. The effect of precipitation factors on the morphological differentiation of each clade remained unclear. The local adaptation caused by climatic differences was the main reason for the morphological differentiation among clades. These findings will help us to understand amphibians’ abilities to adapt to environmental variation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Luzete J, Giugliano LG, Klaczko J. Evaluating the drivers and engines of morphological diversification in the invasive gecko Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Development determines the range of possible phenotypes that can be produced and exposed to selection and has a major role in the evolutionary trajectories of species. Nevertheless, development is itself subject to evolutionary forces. Here, we describe differences at the ontogenetic and population levels in head and limb proportions of the invasive gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, to assess the developmental mechanisms and extrinsic forces associated with morphological diversification during colonization of novel habitats. We have found that allometric trajectories of most skeletal traits remain constant throughout postnatal development. Linear morphometric analysis did not find multivariate differences between ontogenetic stages or sexes. When comparing populations, our results showed that the divergence of the corresponding external measures was explained by shifts in the intercept of static allometry curves, indicating that differences arose early in development. Populations aggregated into two morphological groups that did not correspond to the groups formed on the basis of genetic structure. Using two different approaches, we found support for an adaptive hypothesis when comparing observed patterns of morphological variation with that expected under neutral evolutionary models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luzete
- Laboratory of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, DF, 70910-900 , Brazil
- Laboratory of Evolution and Integrative Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-900 , Brazil
| | - Lilian G Giugliano
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biodiversity, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, DF, 70910-900 , Brazil
| | - Julia Klaczko
- Laboratory of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, DF, 70910-900 , Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD , UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Predictive Factors of Chemical and Visual Sensory Organ Size: The Roles of Sex, Environment, and Evolution. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Krings W, Neiber MT, Kovalev A, Gorb SN, Glaubrecht M. Trophic specialisation reflected by radular tooth material properties in an "ancient" Lake Tanganyikan gastropod species flock. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:35. [PMID: 33658005 PMCID: PMC7931582 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lake Tanganyika belongs to the East African Great Lakes and is well known for harbouring a high proportion of endemic and morphologically distinct genera, in cichlids but also in paludomid gastropods. With about 50 species these snails form a flock of high interest because of its diversity, the question of its origin and the evolutionary processes that might have resulted in its elevated amount of taxa. While earlier debates centred on these paludomids to be a result of an intralacustrine adaptive radiation, there are strong indications for the existence of several lineages before the lake formation. To evaluate hypotheses on the evolution and radiation the detection of actual adaptations is however crucial. Since the Tanganyikan gastropods show distinct radular tooth morphologies hypotheses about potential trophic specializations are at hand. Results Here, based on a phylogenetic tree of the paludomid species from Lake Tanganyika and adjacent river systems, the mechanical properties of their teeth were evaluated by nanoindentation, a method measuring the hardness and elasticity of a structure, and related with the gastropods’ specific feeding substrate (soft, solid, mixed). Results identify mechanical adaptations in the tooth cusps to the substrate and, with reference to the tooth morphology, assign distinct functions (scratching or gathering) to tooth types. Analysing pure tooth morphology does not consistently reflect ecological specializations, but the mechanical properties allow the determination of eco-morphotypes. Conclusion In almost every lineage we discovered adaptations to different substrates, leading to the hypothesis that one main engine of the flock’s evolution is trophic specialization, establishing distinct ecological niches and allowing the coexistence of taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. .,Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Marco T Neiber
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Glaubrecht
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao W, Zhao Y, Guo R, Qi Y, Wang X, Li N. Age and annual growth rate cause spatial variation in body size in Phrynocephalus przewalskii (Agamid). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14189-14195. [PMID: 33391709 PMCID: PMC7771167 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not biogeographic rules dealing with spatial patterns of animal body sizes are valid for ectotherms is controversial. As the ectotherms grow all their lives, we explored the role of age and annual growth rate in body size variation in Phrynocephalus przewalskii in northern China. Morphological data were collected from 11 populations across a broad geographic gradient. Correlations between age, sex, climatic factors, and body size were analyzed using generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). GLM analysis indicated that the general body size of both sexes and the appendage size of females increased significantly with increasing temperature; however, the coefficient of determination was very small. GLMM analysis indicated that body size only correlated with age, whereas appendage size was affected by age, temperature, rainfall, and sunshine. Annual growth rates were positively correlated with temperature. We concluded that body size variation was mainly caused by age structure and plasticity of the growth rate in P. przewalskii and did not follow Bergmann's rule; however, females followed Allen's rule. Future studies to investigate the effect of energy restriction are needed to further understand the relationship between growth rate and body size. We also suggest that further studies on thermal advantage and sexual selection may be helpful to understand appendage size variation in P. przewalskii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- College of life sciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yue Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Na Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lailvaux SP. It’s Not Easy Being Green: Behavior, Morphology, and Population Structure in Urban and Natural Populations of Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) Lizards. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.570810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Esquivel‐Ramírez A, Hornung‐Leoni CT, Manríquez‐Morán NL. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the
Aspidoscelis gularis
complex (Squamata: Teiidae) from Mexico. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Esquivel‐Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Claudia T. Hornung‐Leoni
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Norma L. Manríquez‐Morán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu J, Askary AM, Thurman TJ, Spiller DA, Palmer TM, Pringle RM, Barrett RDH. The Epigenetic Signature of Colonizing New Environments in Anolis Lizards. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:2165-2170. [PMID: 31147693 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Founder populations often show rapid divergence from source populations after colonizing new environments. Epigenetic modifications can mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change and may be an important mechanism promoting rapid differentiation in founder populations. Whereas many long-term studies have explored the extent to which divergence between source and founder populations is genetically heritable versus plastic, the role of epigenetic processes during colonization remains unclear. To investigate epigenetic modifications in founding populations, we experimentally colonized eight small Caribbean islands with brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from a common source population. We then quantitatively measured genome-wide DNA methylation in liver tissue using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of individuals transplanted onto islands with high- versus low-habitat quality. We found that lizard sex and habitat quality explained a significant proportion of epigenetic variation. Differentially methylated cytosines mapped to genes that encode proteins with functions likely to be relevant to habitat change (e.g., signal transduction, immune response, circadian rhythm). This study provides experimental evidence of a relationship between epigenetic responses and the earliest stages of colonization of novel environments in nature and suggests that habitat quality influences the nature of these epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Hu
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arash M Askary
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy J Thurman
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Dave A Spiller
- Section of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Todd M Palmer
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robert M Pringle
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garamszegi LZ, Temrin H, Kubinyi E, Miklósi Á, Kolm N. The role of common ancestry and gene flow in the evolution of human-directed play behaviour in dogs. J Evol Biol 2019; 33:318-328. [PMID: 31705702 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among-population variance of phenotypic traits is of high relevance for understanding evolutionary mechanisms that operate in relatively short timescales, but various sources of nonindependence, such as common ancestry and gene flow, can hamper the interpretations. In this comparative analysis of 138 dog breeds, we demonstrate how such confounders can independently shape the evolution of a behavioural trait (human-directed play behaviour from the Dog Mentality Assessment project). We combined information on genetic relatedness and haplotype sharing to reflect common ancestry and gene flow, respectively, and entered these into a phylogenetic mixed model to partition the among-breed variance of human-directed play behaviour while also accounting for within-breed variance. We found that 75% of the among-breed variance was explained by overall genetic relatedness among breeds, whereas 15% could be attributed to haplotype sharing that arises from gene flow. Therefore, most of the differences in human-directed play behaviour among breeds have likely been caused by constraints of common ancestry as a likely consequence of past selection regimes. On the other hand, gene flow caused by crosses among breeds has played a minor, but not negligible role. Our study serves as an example of an analytical approach that can be applied to comparative situations where the effects of shared origin and gene flow require quantification and appropriate statistical control in a within-species/among-population framework. Altogether, our results suggest that the evolutionary history of dog breeds has left remarkable signatures on the among-breed variation of a behavioural phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Zsolt Garamszegi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Hans Temrin
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Miklósi
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma L, Liu P, Su S, Luo LG, Zhao WG, Ji X. Life-history consequences of local adaptation in lizards: Takydromus wolteri (Lacertidae) as a model organism. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lai-Gao Luo
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Ge Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaliontzopoulou A, Pinho C, Martínez-Freiría F. Where does diversity come from? Linking geographical patterns of morphological, genetic, and environmental variation in wall lizards. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:124. [PMID: 30134828 PMCID: PMC6113677 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how phenotypic variation scales from individuals, through populations, up to species, and how it relates to genetic and environmental factors, is essential for deciphering the evolutionary mechanisms that drive biodiversity. We used two species of Podarcis wall lizards to test whether phenotypic diversity within and divergence across populations follow concordant patterns, and to examine how phenotypic variation responds to genetic and environmental variability across different hierarchical levels of biological organization, in an explicit geographic framework. RESULTS We found a general concordance of phenotypic variation across hierarchical levels (i.e. individuals and populations). However, we also found that within-population diversity does not exhibit a coherent geographic structure for most traits, while among-population divergence does, suggesting that different mechanisms may underlie the generation of diversity at these two levels. Furthermore, the association of phenotypic variation with genetic and environmental factors varied extensively between hierarchical levels and across traits, hampering the identification of simple rules to explain what yields diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our results in some cases comply with general ecological and evolutionary predictions, but in others they are difficult to explain in the geographic framework used, suggesting that habitat characteristics and other regulatory mechanisms may have a more substantial contribution in shaping phenotypic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tseng ZJ, Flynn JJ. Structure-function covariation with nonfeeding ecological variables influences evolution of feeding specialization in Carnivora. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao5441. [PMID: 29441363 PMCID: PMC5810607 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Skull shape convergence is pervasive among vertebrates. Although this is frequently inferred to indicate similar functional underpinnings, neither the specific structure-function linkages nor the selective environments in which the supposed functional adaptations arose are commonly identified and tested. We demonstrate that nonfeeding factors relating to sexual maturity and precipitation-related arboreality also can generate structure-function relationships in the skulls of carnivorans (dogs, cats, seals, and relatives) through covariation with masticatory performance. We estimated measures of masticatory performance related to ecological variables that covary with cranial shape in the mammalian order Carnivora, integrating geometric morphometrics and finite element analyses. Even after accounting for phylogenetic autocorrelation, cranial shapes are significantly correlated to both feeding and nonfeeding ecological variables, and covariation with both variable types generated significant masticatory performance gradients. This suggests that mechanisms of obligate shape covariation with nonfeeding variables can produce performance changes resembling those arising from feeding adaptations in Carnivora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Jack Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - John J. Flynn
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shu G, Gong Y, Xie F, Wu NC, Li C. Effects of long-term preservation on amphibian body conditions: implications for historical morphological research. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3805. [PMID: 28929024 PMCID: PMC5602676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of historical specimens are widely applied in studies of taxonomy, systematics, and ecology, but biologists often assume that the effects of preservative chemicals on the morphology of amphibian specimens are minimal in their analyses. We compared the body length and body mass of 182 samples of 13 live and preserved (up to 10 years) anuran species and found that the body length and body mass of preserved specimens significantly decreased by 6.1% and 24.8%, respectively, compared to those measurements of their live counterparts. The changes in body length and mass also exhibited highly significant variations between species. Similarly, there were significant differences in shrinkage of body length and body mass between sexes, where males showed greater shrinkage in body length and body mass compared to females. Preservation distorted the magnitude of the interspecific differences in body length observed in the fresh specimens. Overall, the reduction in body length or mass was greater in longer or heavier individuals. Due to the effects of preservation on amphibian morphology, we propose two parsimonious conversion equations to back-calculate the original body length and body mass of studied anurans for researchers working with historical data, since morphological data from preserved specimens may lead to incorrect biological interpretations when comparing to fresh specimens. Therefore, researchers should correct for errors due to preservation effects that may lead to the misinterpretation of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Shu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Gong
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hileman ET, King RB, Adamski JM, Anton TG, Bailey RL, Baker SJ, Bieser ND, Bell TA, Bissell KM, Bradke DR, Campa H, Casper GS, Cedar K, Cross MD, DeGregorio BA, Dreslik MJ, Faust LJ, Harvey DS, Hay RW, Jellen BC, Johnson BD, Johnson G, Kiel BD, Kingsbury BA, Kowalski MJ, Lee YM, Lentini AM, Marshall JC, Mauger D, Moore JA, Paloski RA, Phillips CA, Pratt PD, Preney T, Prior KA, Promaine A, Redmer M, Reinert HK, Rouse JD, Shoemaker KT, Sutton S, VanDeWalle TJ, Weatherhead PJ, Wynn D, Yagi A. Climatic and geographic predictors of life history variation in Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus): A range-wide synthesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172011. [PMID: 28196149 PMCID: PMC5308788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how life history traits vary geographically is important to understanding variation in population dynamics. Because many aspects of ectotherm life history are climate-dependent, geographic variation in climate is expected to have a large impact on population dynamics through effects on annual survival, body size, growth rate, age at first reproduction, size-fecundity relationship, and reproductive frequency. The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) is a small, imperiled North American rattlesnake with a distribution centered on the Great Lakes region, where lake effects strongly influence local conditions. To address Eastern Massasauga life history data gaps, we compiled data from 47 study sites representing 38 counties across the range. We used multimodel inference and general linear models with geographic coordinates and annual climate normals as explanatory variables to clarify patterns of variation in life history traits. We found strong evidence for geographic variation in six of nine life history variables. Adult female snout-vent length and neonate mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Litter size decreased with increasing mean temperature, and the size-fecundity relationship and growth prior to first hibernation both increased with increasing latitude. The proportion of gravid females also increased with increasing latitude, but this relationship may be the result of geographically varying detection bias. Our results provide insights into ectotherm life history variation and fill critical data gaps, which will inform Eastern Massasauga conservation efforts by improving biological realism for models of population viability and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hileman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard B. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John M. Adamski
- Seneca Park Zoo, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Anton
- Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robyn L. Bailey
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Baker
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nickolas D. Bieser
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Bell
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristin M. Bissell
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Grass Lake, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Danielle R. Bradke
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Henry Campa
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gary S. Casper
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Field Station, Saukville, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karen Cedar
- Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Cross
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Dreslik
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Faust
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Harvey
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Hay
- Turtles for Tomorrow, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Jellen
- Urban Chestnut Brewing Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brent D. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Glenn Johnson
- Department of Biology, State University of New York Potsdam, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Brooke D. Kiel
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Kingsbury
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Yu Man Lee
- Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Michigan State University Extension, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - John C. Marshall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David Mauger
- Forest Preserve District of Lake County, Libertyville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Moore
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rori A. Paloski
- Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Phillips
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Pratt
- Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Preney
- Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Redmer
- United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Howard K. Reinert
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Rouse
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin T. Shoemaker
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Terry J. VanDeWalle
- Stantec Consulting Services Inc, Independence, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Weatherhead
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Doug Wynn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anne Yagi
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simon MN, Machado FA, Marroig G. High evolutionary constraints limited adaptive responses to past climate changes in toad skulls. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161783. [PMID: 27798306 PMCID: PMC5095385 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among traits that build a complex structure may be represented as genetic covariation and correlation. Genetic correlations may act as constraints, deflecting the evolutionary response from the direction of natural selection. We investigated the relative importance of drift, selection, and constraints in driving skull divergence in a group of related toad species. The distributional range of these species encompasses very distinct habitats with important climatic differences and the species are primarily distinguished by differences in their skulls. Some parts of the toad skull, such as the snout, may have functional relevance in reproductive ecology, detecting water cues. Thus, we hypothesized that the species skull divergence was driven by natural selection associated with climatic variation. However, given that all species present high correlations among skull traits, our second prediction was of high constraints deflecting the response to selection. We first extracted the main morphological direction that is expected to be subjected to selection by using within- and between-species covariance matrices. We then used evolutionary regressions to investigate whether divergence along this direction is explained by climatic variation between species. We also used quantitative genetics models to test for a role of random drift versus natural selection in skull divergence and to reconstruct selection gradients along species phylogeny. Climatic variables explained high proportions of between-species variation in the most selected axis. However, most evolutionary responses were not in the direction of selection, but aligned with the direction of allometric size, the dimension of highest phenotypic variance in the ancestral population. We conclude that toad species have responded to selection related to climate in their skulls, yet high evolutionary constraints dominated species divergence and may limit species responses to future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Nouailhetas Simon
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Andrade Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marroig
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manthey JD, Tollis M, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Boissinot S. Diversification in wild populations of the model organism Anolis carolinensis: A genome-wide phylogeographic investigation. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8115-8125. [PMID: 27891220 PMCID: PMC5108263 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) is a lizard widespread throughout the southeastern United States and is a model organism for the study of reproductive behavior, physiology, neural biology, and genomics. Previous phylogeographic studies of A. carolinensis using mitochondrial DNA and small numbers of nuclear loci identified conflicting and poorly supported relationships among geographically structured clades; these inconsistencies preclude confident use of A. carolinensis evolutionary history in association with morphological, physiological, or reproductive biology studies among sampling localities and necessitate increased effort to resolve evolutionary relationships among natural populations. Here, we used anchored hybrid enrichment of hundreds of genetic markers across the genome of A. carolinensis and identified five strongly supported phylogeographic groups. Using multiple analyses, we produced a fully resolved species tree, investigated relative support for each lineage across all gene trees, and identified mito‐nuclear discordance when comparing our results to previous studies. We found fixed differences in only one clade—southern Florida restricted to the Everglades region—while most polymorphisms were shared between lineages. The southern Florida group likely diverged from other populations during the Pliocene, with all other diversification during the Pleistocene. Multiple lines of support, including phylogenetic relationships, a latitudinal gradient in genetic diversity, and relatively more stable long‐term population sizes in southern phylogeographic groups, indicate that diversification in A. carolinensis occurred northward from southern Florida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Tollis
- Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hendges CD, Bubadué JM, Cáceres NC. Environment and space as drivers of variation in skull shape in two widely distributed South-American Tayassuidae, Pecari tajacuand Tayassu pecari(Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla D. Hendges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal; CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Av. Roraima, n° 1000 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Jamile M. Bubadué
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal; CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Av. Roraima, n° 1000 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Nilton C. Cáceres
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução; CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Av. Roraima, n° 1000 Santa Maria Brazil
| |
Collapse
|