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Hurtado-Gómez JP, Vargas-Ramírez M, Iverson JB, Joyce WG, McCranie JR, Paetzold C, Fritz U. Diversity and biogeography of South American mud turtles elucidated by multilocus DNA sequencing (Testudines: Kinosternidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108083. [PMID: 38679303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Kinosternon is the most speciose genus of extant turtles, with 22 currently recognized species, distributed across large parts of the Americas. Most species have small distributions, but K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides range from Mexico to South America. Previous studies have found discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in some kinosternid groups, with the current taxonomy following the nuclear-based results. Herein, based on extended molecular, geographic, and taxonomic sampling, we explore the phylogeographic structure and taxonomic limits for K. leucostomum and the K. scorpioides group and present a fossil-calibrated nuclear time tree for Kinosternon. Our results reveal contrasting differentiation patterns for the K. scorpioides group and K. leucostomum, despite overlapping distributions. Kinosternon leucostomum shows only shallow geographic divergence, whereas the K. scorpioides group is polyphyletic with up to 10 distinct taxa, some of them undescribed. We support the elevation of K. s. albogulare and K. s. cruentatum to species level. Given the deep divergence within the genus Kinosternon, we propose the recognition of three subgenera, Kinosternon, Cryptochelys and Thyrosternum, and the abandonment of the group-based classification, at least for the K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides groups. Our results show an initial split in Kinosternon that gave rise to two main radiations, one Nearctic and one mainly Neotropical. Most speciation events in Kinosternon occurred during the Quaternary and we hypothesize that they were mediated by both climatic and geological events. Additionally, our data imply that at least three South American colonizations occurred, two in the K. leucostomum group, and one in the K. scorpioides group. Additionally, we hypothesize that discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic signal is due to mitochondrial capture from an extinct kinosternine lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Walter G Joyce
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - James R McCranie
- Smithsonian Research Associate, 10770 SW 164th Street, Miami, FL 33157, USA
| | - Claudia Paetzold
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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RADseq Data Suggest Occasional Hybridization between Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis in Northwestern Madagascar. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050913. [PMID: 35627298 PMCID: PMC9140448 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of natural hybridization has been reported in a wide range of organisms, including primates. The present study focuses on the endemic lemurs of Madagascar, primates for which only a few species occur in sympatry or parapatry with congeners, thereby creating limited opportunity for natural hybridization. This study examines RADseq data from 480 individuals to investigate whether the recent expansion of Microcebus murinus towards the northwest and subsequent secondary contact with Microcebus ravelobensis has resulted in the occurrence of hybridization between the two species. Admixture analysis identified one individual with 26% of nuclear admixture, which may correspond to an F2- or F3-hybrid. A composite-likelihood approach was subsequently used to test the fit of alternative phylogeographic scenarios to the genomic data and to date introgression. The simulations yielded support for low levels of gene flow (2Nm0 = 0.063) between the two species starting before the Last Glacial Maximum (between 54 and 142 kyr). Since M. murinus most likely colonized northwestern Madagascar during the Late Pleistocene, the rather recent secondary contact with M. ravelobensis has likely created the opportunity for occasional hybridization. Although reproductive isolation between these distantly related congeners is not complete, it is effective in maintaining species boundaries.
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Elbahi A, Lawton C, Oubrou W, El Bekkay M, Hermas J, Dugon M. Reptile biodiversity in Souss-Massa National Park: an internationally important hotspot in the Mediterranean region. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e79088. [PMID: 35221752 PMCID: PMC8866321 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e79088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Souss-Massa National Park (SMNP) is Morocco’s first coastal national park, created to preserve the high diversity of its continental and marine environments. Reptiles play an essential role in balancing SMNP ecosystems, yet little work has been done to study this fauna. The present work aims at providing the first reptile inventory of SMNP since its establishment in 1991. During the period 2019 to 2020, several field surveys were carried out at 30 sites using time-constrained visual encounter surveys (TCVES), with a total sampling effort of 300 person-hours. An inventory of 23 reptile species (including four endemic species) was obtained by combining TCVES results with additional data recorded during random encounters or provided by SMNP researchers. Based on TCVES data, both sampling effort and inventory completeness were evaluated by constructing sample-based accumulation curves and calculating non-parametric estimators (Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 and Jackknife 2). These species richness estimators suggest that the current inventory is likely to be complete. Despite its small surface area, SMNP contains nearly 20% of all known Moroccan reptile species and constitutes an important biodiversity hotspot for reptiles in the Mediterranean Region. In terms of reptile conservation concern, five species in SMNP are classified as “vulnerable”, while two species are classified as “near threatened” on the IUCN Red List, underscoring the importance of protected areas for those species.
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Machado L, Harris DJ, Salvi D. Biogeographic and demographic history of the Mediterranean snakes Malpolon monspessulanus and Hemorrhois hippocrepis across the Strait of Gibraltar. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:210. [PMID: 34809580 PMCID: PMC8609814 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of North Africa to the assembly of biodiversity within the Western Palaearctic is still poorly documented. Since the Miocene, multiple biotic exchanges occurred across the Strait of Gibraltar, underlying the high biogeographic affinity between the western European and African sides of the Mediterranean basin. We investigated the biogeographic and demographic dynamics of two large Mediterranean-adapted snakes across the Strait and assess their relevance to the origin and diversity patterns of current European and North African populations. RESULTS We inferred phylogeographic patterns and demographic history of M. monspessulanus and H. hippocrepis, based on range-wide multilocus data, combined with fossil data and species distribution modelling, under present and past bioclimatic envelopes. For both species we identified endemic lineages in the High Atlas Mountains (Morocco) and in eastern Iberia, suggesting their persistence in Europe during the Pleistocene. One lineage is shared between North Africa and southern Iberia and likely spread from the former to the latter during the sea-level low stand of the last glacial stage. During this period M. monspessulanus shows a sudden demographic expansion, associated with increased habitat suitability in North Africa. Lower habitat suitability is predicted for both species during interglacial stages, with suitable areas restricted to coastal and mountain ranges of Iberia and Morocco. Compiled fossil data for M. monspessulanus show a continuous fossil record in Iberia at least since the Pliocene and throughout the Pleistocene. CONCLUSIONS The previously proposed hypothesis of Pleistocene glacial extinction of both species in Europe is not supported based on genetic data, bioclimatic envelopes models, and the available fossil record. A model of range retraction to mountain refugia during arid periods and of glacial expansion (demographic and spatial) associated to an increase of Mediterranean habitats during glacial epochs emerges as a general pattern for mesic vertebrates in North Africa. Moreover, the phylogeographic pattern of H. hippocrepis conforms to a well-established biogeographic partition between western and eastern Maghreb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Machado
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniele Salvi
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Teixeira H, Salmona J, Arredondo A, Mourato B, Manzi S, Rakotondravony R, Mazet O, Chikhi L, Metzger J, Radespiel U. Impact of model assumptions on demographic inferences: the case study of two sympatric mouse lemurs in northwestern Madagascar. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:197. [PMID: 34727890 PMCID: PMC8561976 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quaternary climate fluctuations have been acknowledged as major drivers of the geographical distribution of the extraordinary biodiversity observed in tropical biomes, including Madagascar. The main existing framework for Pleistocene Malagasy diversification assumes that forest cover was strongly shaped by warmer Interglacials (leading to forest expansion) and by cooler and arid glacials (leading to forest contraction), but predictions derived from this scenario for forest-dwelling animals have rarely been tested with genomic datasets. RESULTS We generated genomic data and applied three complementary demographic approaches (Stairway Plot, PSMC and IICR-simulations) to infer population size and connectivity changes for two forest-dependent primate species (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar. The analyses suggested major demographic changes in both species that could be interpreted in two ways, depending on underlying model assumptions (i.e., panmixia or population structure). Under panmixia, the two species exhibited larger population sizes across the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and towards the African Humid Period (AHP). This peak was followed by a population decline in M. ravelobensis until the present, while M. murinus may have experienced a second population expansion that was followed by a sharp decline starting 3000 years ago. In contrast, simulations under population structure suggested decreasing population connectivity between the Last Interglacial and the LGM for both species, but increased connectivity during the AHP exclusively for M. murinus. CONCLUSION Our study shows that closely related species may differ in their responses to climatic events. Assuming that Pleistocene climatic conditions in the lowlands were similar to those in the Malagasy highlands, some demographic dynamics would be better explained by changes in population connectivity than in population size. However, changes in connectivity alone cannot be easily reconciled with a founder effect that was shown for M. murinus during its colonization of the northwestern Madagascar in the late Pleistocene. To decide between the two alternative models, more knowledge about historic forest dynamics in lowland habitats is necessary. Altogether, our study stresses that demographic inferences strongly depend on the underlying model assumptions. Final conclusions should therefore be based on a comparative evaluation of multiple approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Teixeira
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jordi Salmona
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Bât. 4R1, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Armando Arredondo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Beatriz Mourato
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Bât. 4R1, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Romule Rakotondravony
- Ecole Doctorale Ecosystèmes Naturels (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, 5 Rue Georges V - Immeuble KAKAL, Mahajanga Be, B.P. 652, 401, Mahajanga, Madagascar
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, University of Mahajanga, 5 Rue Georges V - Immeuble KAKAL, Mahajanga Be, B.P. 652, 401, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Olivier Mazet
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lounès Chikhi
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Bât. 4R1, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Julia Metzger
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Radespiel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Martínez‐Freiría F, Freitas I, Velo‐Antón G, Lucchini N, Fahd S, Larbes S, Pleguezuelos JM, Santos X, Brito JC. Integrative taxonomy reveals two species and intraspecific differentiation in the
Vipera latastei–monticola
complex. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martínez‐Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Inês Freitas
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo‐Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Nahla Lucchini
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Soumia Fahd
- Equipe de Recherche Ecologie Systématique Conservation de la Biodiversité Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan Université AbdelmalekEssaâdi Tetouan Morocco
| | - Said Larbes
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques Université M. Mammeri Tizi‐Ouzou Algeria
| | - Juan M. Pleguezuelos
- Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Xavier Santos
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - José C. Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
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Teixeira H, Montade V, Salmona J, Metzger J, Bremond L, Kasper T, Daut G, Rouland S, Ranarilalatiana S, Rakotondravony R, Chikhi L, Behling H, Radespiel U. Past environmental changes affected lemur population dynamics prior to human impact in Madagascar. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1084. [PMID: 34526636 PMCID: PMC8443640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary climatic changes have been invoked as important drivers of species diversification worldwide. However, the impact of such changes on vegetation and animal population dynamics in tropical regions remains debated. To overcome this uncertainty, we integrated high-resolution paleoenvironmental reconstructions from a sedimentary record covering the past 25,000 years with demographic inferences of a forest-dwelling primate species (Microcebus arnholdi), in northern Madagascar. Result comparisons suggest that climate changes through the African Humid Period (15.2 - 5.5 kyr) strongly affected the demographic dynamics of M. arnholdi. We further inferred a population decline in the last millennium which was likely shaped by the combination of climatic and anthropogenic impacts. Our findings demonstrate that population fluctuations in Malagasy wildlife were substantial prior to a significant human impact. This provides a critical knowledge of climatically driven, environmental and ecological changes in the past, which is essential to better understand the dynamics and resilience of current biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Teixeira
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent Montade
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210University of Goettingen, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany ,grid.462058.d0000 0001 2188 7059ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Salmona
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XCNRS-UPS-IRD, UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Metzger
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany ,grid.419538.20000 0000 9071 0620Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Bremond
- grid.462058.d0000 0001 2188 7059ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Kasper
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Department of Physical Geography, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Daut
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Department of Physical Geography, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvie Rouland
- grid.462058.d0000 0001 2188 7059ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandratrinirainy Ranarilalatiana
- grid.440419.c0000 0001 2165 5629Université d’Antananarivo, Faculté des Sciences, Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétale, Laboratoire de Palynologie Appliquée, B.P 905 - 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Romule Rakotondravony
- Ecole Doctorale Ecosystèmes Naturels (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, 5 Rue Georges V - Immeuble KAKAL, Mahajanga Be, B.P. 652, Mahajanga, 401 Madagascar ,Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l’Environnement, University of Mahajanga, 5 Rue Georges V - Immeuble KAKAL, Mahajanga Be, B.P. 652, Mahajanga, 401 Madagascar
| | - Lounès Chikhi
- grid.418346.c0000 0001 2191 3202Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal ,grid.4399.70000000122879528Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Bât. 4R1, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Hermann Behling
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210University of Goettingen, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ute Radespiel
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Characterization and identification of haemogregarine hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) in natural populations of Mauremys leprosa leprosa and M. leprosa saharica from Morocco. Syst Parasitol 2021; 98:547-557. [PMID: 34322858 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-021-09995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Distribution, prevalence and parasitaemia of apicomplexan parasites of the genus Haemogregarina were studied in 858 freshwater turtles (735 Mauremys leprosa leprosa and 123 Mauremys leprosa saharica) throughout 30 localities from Morocco. Blood smears were collected from the turtles and partial 18S rRNA sequence data used to infer genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Of the 858 individuals analyzed by microscopy 22.7% were infected, from 16 M. leprosa leprosa localities. Individuals of M. leprosa saharica sampled south of the High Atlas Mountains were not infected, probably due to the absence or rarity of the leech vectors in these localities. Within M. leprosa leprosa, we did not identify any patterns between geography and prevalence, which varied between 10% (Oued Nfiss) to 100% (Oued Tassaout). Five distinct genetic lineages were identified, indicating the likely presence of multiple species of haemogregarines, one of which probably corresponds to Haemogregarina stepanowi. Mixed infections were also detected. Additional studies are needed to better understand the ecology and epidemiology of this parasite in turtles, as well as the host-parasite relationship with their definitive hosts, leeches.
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9
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Ilhan S, Vamberger M, Ayaz D, Fritz U. Population structure and gene flow of the syntopic turtles Emys and Mauremys from coastal and inland regions of Anatolia (Turkey): results from mitochondrial and microsatellite data. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4163-4169. [PMID: 34086161 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the genetic basis of the existence of different species living together in different geographic regions provides clarification of this phylogeographic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the population genetics and evaluated the level of genetic variation of inland and coastal populations of Mauremys and Emys in Turkey. Tissue samples of 196 terrapins were studied which were collected from syntopic coastal (Gölbent-Söke/Aydın; M. rivulata and E. orbicularis) and inland populations (Bahçesaray/Aksaray; M. caspica and E. orbicularis). DNA was isolated using the InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and allelic variation at 13 microsatellite loci for Mauremys and 12 microsatellite loci for Emys were examined. Three haplotypes were found for Emys orbicularis (Im, Ip and Iw) collected from the coastal region and two haplotypes for Emys orbicularis (Ig and Im) collected from inland. Two haplotypes were identified for M. caspica (Cmt8 and Cmt9) and three haplotypes were identified for M. rivulata (Rmt3, Rmt24 and Rmt26). Using microsatellites and the software STRUCTURE the most probable value for K was revealed as two 2 for both species. The FST value between M. rivulata and M. caspica was 0.39, and between the coastal and inland populations of E. orbicularis 0.09. It can be concluded that Emys populations tend to evolve by somehow preserving the allelic richness they have and Mauremys populations continue to differentiate so that new species emerge in the evolutionary process to reach the ideal allelic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, 45140, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Melita Vamberger
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dinçer Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Loulida S, Znari M, Naimi M, Bendami S. Population structure and body size of the Sahara blue-eyed pond turtle Mauremys leprosa saharica, from an isolated pond in the Lower Draa Basin, southern Morocco. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23174-23181. [PMID: 33439446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The marginal populations of the Sahara blue-eyed pond turtle, Mauremys leprosa saharica (Testudines: Geoemydidae) in the pre-Saharan area in the Lower Draa Valley, are faced to extreme environmental conditions of arid climate and anthropogenic activities including overuse of water and land salinization. In this study, we investigated a small isolated population of the blue-eyed pond turtle at Sidi El Mehdaoui Oasis, Lower Draa Valley, to determine its population structure and morphometric characteristics. Water salinity was about 24% of seawater and dissolved oxygen concentration was less than 3 mg l-1 (sub-hypoxia). The average body size of adults (carapace length) was much lower in comparison to other Moroccan populations. Among adult individuals, the mean carapace lengths were 103 ± 21 mm and 104.4 ± 35 mm for males and females, respectively. The corresponding mean body mass were 173 ± 92.4 g and 135 ± 52 g. There were no significant differences between sexes for size or weight. The studied population is small, with a predominance of adults (75%). A significant sexual size dimorphism was found. In fact, the Sexual Dimorphism Index for size had the lowest level ever described for the species possibly because of the low productivity of this marginal isolated habitat. The increased drought and salinization are major threats to the long-term persistence of the vulnerable populations of the Saharan blue-eyed pond turtle and their habitats. Therefore, conservation measures of these populations through the protection of their habitats are very urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Loulida
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Prince Moulay Abdellah Boulevard, PO Box: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco.
- The Natural History Museum of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Sis ENCG, Allal Al Fassi Boulevard, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Znari
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Prince Moulay Abdellah Boulevard, PO Box: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- The Natural History Museum of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Sis ENCG, Allal Al Fassi Boulevard, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Naimi
- The Natural History Museum of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Sis ENCG, Allal Al Fassi Boulevard, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Multipurpose Research and Development Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, PO Box: 592, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Safaa Bendami
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Prince Moulay Abdellah Boulevard, PO Box: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- The Natural History Museum of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Sis ENCG, Allal Al Fassi Boulevard, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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11
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Tarroso P, Carvalho SB, Velo‐Antón G. Phylin 2.0: Extending the phylogeographical interpolation method to include uncertainty and user‐defined distance metrics. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1081-1094. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Tarroso
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sílvia B. Carvalho
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo‐Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
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12
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Intraspecific genetic diversity and distribution of North African hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Reconstructing evolution at the community level: A case study on Mediterranean amphibians. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 134:211-225. [PMID: 30797941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing reliable timescales for species evolution is an important and indispensable goal of modern biogeography. However, many factors influence the estimation of divergence times, and uncertainty in the inferred time trees remains a major issue that is often insufficiently acknowledged. We here focus on a fundamental problem of time tree analysis: the combination of slow-evolving (nuclear DNA) and fast-evolving (mitochondrial DNA) markers in a single time tree. Both markers differ in their suitability to infer divergences at different time scales (the 'genome-timescale-dilemma'). However, strategies to infer shallow and deep divergences in a single time tree have rarely been compared empirically. Using Mediterranean amphibians as model system that is exceptional in its geographic and taxonomic completeness of available genetic information, we analyze 202 lineages of western Palearctic amphibians across the entire Mediterranean region. We compiled data of four nuclear and five mitochondrial genes and used twelve fossil calibration points widely acknowledged for amphibian evolution. We reconstruct time trees for an extensive lineage-level data set and compare the performances of the different trees: the first tree is based on primary fossil calibration and mitochondrial DNA, while the second tree is based on a combination of primary fossil and on secondary calibrations taken from a nuclear tree using mitochondrial DNA (two-step protocol). Focusing on a set of nodes that are most likely explained by vicariance, we statistically compare the reconstructed alternative time trees by applying a biogeographical plausibility test. Our two-step protocol outperformed the alternative approach in terms of spatial and temporal plausibility. It allows us to infer scenarios for Mediterranean amphibian evolution in eight geographic provinces. We identified several tectonic and climatic events explaining the majority of Mediterranean amphibian divergences, with Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations being the dominant driver for intrageneric evolution. However, often more than one event could be invoked for a specific split. We give recommendations for the use of secondary calibrations in future molecular clock analyses at the community level.
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14
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Dinis M, Merabet K, Martínez-Freiría F, Steinfartz S, Vences M, Burgon JD, Elmer KR, Donaire D, Hinckley A, Fahd S, Joger U, Fawzi A, Slimani T, Velo-Antón G. Allopatric diversification and evolutionary melting pot in a North African Palearctic relict: The biogeographic history of Salamandra algira. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 130:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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GonÇalves DV, Pereira P, Velo-AntÓn G, Harris DJ, Carranza S, Brito JC. Assessing the role of aridity-induced vicariance and ecological divergence in species diversification in North-West Africa using Agama lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte V GonÇalves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulo Pereira
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-AntÓn
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - JosÉ C Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Underground cryptic speciation within the Maghreb: Multilocus phylogeography sheds light on the diversification of the checkerboard worm lizard Trogonophis wiegmanni. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Freitas I, Fahd S, Velo-Antón G, Martínez-Freiría F. Chasing the phantom: biogeography and conservation of Vipera latastei-monticola in the Maghreb (North Africa). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-17000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Maghreb region (North Africa) constitutes a major component of the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot. During the last centuries, a consistent human population growth has led to an unprecedented rate of habitat transformation and loss in the region and thus, threatening its biodiversity. The Western Mediterranean viper Vipera latastei-monticola inhabits humid and subhumid areas in the main mountain ranges of the Maghreb, facing such threatening factors; however, its elusive character and rarity hindered data collection for distinct biological purposes. Here, we study the biogeographical patterns and conservation status of the Maghrebian V. latastei-monticola resulting from recent sampling campaigns in Morocco and Tunisia. We update species distribution, and integrate phylogeographic and ecological niche modelling analyses at both species and lineage level to identify suitable areas, and to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic transformation and level of protection of their suitable space. We identified four highly divergent mitochondrial lineages, including a new lineage endemic to the Western High Atlas, with allopatric distributions and restricted to mountain ranges, supporting the role of mountains as past climatic refugia. Despite the remoteness of suitable areas, we report widespread habitat degradation and identify the low effectiveness of the current protected areas system in preserving the species and lineages range. Our study shows the urgent need to apply management actions for the long-term conservation of this vulnerable species and suggests a revaluation of the specific status of V. monticola, as these populations likely represent an ecotype of V. latastei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Freitas
- 1CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Soumia Fahd
- 2Equipe de Recherche Ecologie, Systématique, Conservation de la Biodiversité, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Morocco
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- 1CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- 1CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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18
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Kindler C, de Pous P, Carranza S, Beddek M, Geniez P, Fritz U. Phylogeography of the Ibero-Maghrebian red-eyed grass snake (Natrix astreptophora). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Evolutionary History of the Morocco lizard-Fingered Geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti Complex. Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Graciá E, Vargas-Ramírez M, Delfino M, Anadón JD, Giménez A, Fahd S, Corti C, Jdeidi TB, Fritz U. Expansion after expansion: dissecting the phylogeography of the widely distributed spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca (Testudines: Testudinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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