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He Y, Cao Y, Nie B, Wang J. Mechanisms of impairment in hair and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming and potential interventions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139607. [PMID: 37275367 PMCID: PMC10232955 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of beauty and personal care industries, many hair-relevant products, hair dyes and hair perms in particular, are increasingly prevalent in both women and men, regardless of being young or old as they frequently change hair color or shape to enhance youthfulness and beauty and to follow fashion trends. Hair dyes and perms alter hair color and/or shape by mechanically changing the physical structure and chemical substances of the hair shaft. However, treatment of hair with chemical formulations has been potentially ascribed to adverse outcomes in the hair shaft including structure damage, chemical constituent disorder, and impaired physical properties, although hair cosmetics procedures are intrinsically safe. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of impairment in the hair shaft and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming remain elusive. Additionally, adverse reactions activated by exposure to specific chemical ingredients including skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and even cancer risk have been reported clinically, but existing evidence is not consistent enough in the case of human studies. Herein, the review aims to give an overview of hair cosmetics, especially concerning the basic knowledge about various hair dyes and perms, the consequences for hair shafts and the scalp resulting from the application of hair cosmetics mentioned above, mechanisms of hazardous outcomes, and potential desirable interventions to alleviate the impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binji Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ko HY, Lin YH, Shih CJ, Chen YL. Determination of phenylenediamines in hair colors derivatizated with 5-(4, 6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein via micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:825-831. [PMID: 31324298 PMCID: PMC9307028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylenediamines (PDs), which are reported to cause allergic dermatitis and possess genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, are the ingredients used in permanent hair dyes. The fluorescent derivatization strategy coupled with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were established to analyze four PDs, including o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD). Additionally, 5-(4, 6-dichlorotriazinyl) aminofluorescein (DTAF) was used as a fluorescent reagent derived at amino groups of PDs and underwent nucleophilic substitution reaction to improve the detection sensitivity. The derivatization condition reacted at 90 °C for 10 min in alkaline conditions. The optimized separation conditions were 20 mM borate (pH 8.0) containing 10 mM Brij 35 and 35% (v/v) methanol. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for MPD, PTD, PPD and OPD were 25, 25, 50 and 100 nM, respectively. Compared to MEKC-UV, the sensitivity enhancements were 30- to 81-fold when PDs were derived with DTAF. The high-sensitivity MEKC-LIF method was successfully established and applied to determine PDs in commercial hair colors for quality control and in real hair samples for evaluating the location of PDs in dyed hair samples, as well as in percutaneous absorption samples for evaluating the ability of PDs to penetrate skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Shih
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Bishnoi A, Vinay K, Arshdeep, Parsad D, Handa S, Saikia U, Sendhil Kumaran M. Contact sensitization to hair colours in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: results from a patch and photo‐patch test study of 108 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1349-1357. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - K. Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Arshdeep
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - D. Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - S. Handa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - U.N. Saikia
- Department of Histopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - M. Sendhil Kumaran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
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Park H, Hwang JH, Han JS, Lee BS, Kim YB, Joo KM, Choi MS, Cho SA, Kim BH, Lim KM. Skin irritation and sensitization potential of oxidative hair dye substances evaluated with in vitro, in chemico and in silico test methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:360-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Gimenéz-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Uter W, Johansen JD. Immunological, chemical and clinical aspects of exposure to mixtures of contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:133-142. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Bonefeld
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elena Gimenéz-Arnau
- Laboratory of Dermatochemistry, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Laboratory of Dermatochemistry, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology-Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
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Kirchlechner S, Hübner A, Uter W. Survey of sensitizing components of oxidative hair dyes (retail and professional products) in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:707-15. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kirchlechner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hübner
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, and Health Theory; University of Osnabruck; Osnabruck Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
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Kirchlechner S, Hübner A, Uter W. Survey zu sensibilisierenden Inhaltsstoffen von oxidativen Haarfarben (Konsumenten- und Kabinettware) in Deutschland. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:707-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13099_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kirchlechner
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen
| | - Anja Hübner
- Fachgebiet Dermatologie; Umweltmedizin und Gesundheitstheorie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen
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Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. The use of personal hair dye and its implications for human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 89-90:222-227. [PMID: 26895479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hair dye products now represent one of the most rapidly growing beauty and personal care industries as both men and women commonly change hair color to enhance youth and beauty and to follow fashion trends. Irrespective of economic and education status, people dye their hair to emphasize the importance given to appearance. Despite adverse reactions, many people continue dyeing mainly for cosmetic purposes. This paper provides a comprehensive review on various aspects of hair dying products, especially with respect to the hair-coloring process, classification, chemical ingredients, possible human health impacts, and regulations. Permanent hair dye, which is the most commonly used product type, is formed by an oxidative process involving arylamines to bring about concerns with long-term exposure. Hence, significant efforts have been put to understand the possible side effects of such exposure including cancer risk. However, hair dyes and their ingredients are mainly identified to have moderate to low acute toxicity such as the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Although some hair dye components are reported to be carcinogenic in animals, such evidence is not consistent enough in the case of human studies. Consequently, further research is desirable to critically address the significance of this issue, especially with respect to the safety of hair dye ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Farm, Power, and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Vedel-Krogh S, Nielsen SF, Schnohr P, Nordestgaard BG. Morbidity and Mortality in 7,684 Women According to Personal Hair Dye Use: The Copenhagen City Heart Study followed for 37 Years. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151636. [PMID: 26986063 PMCID: PMC4795553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Permanent hair dye contains aromatic amines which are carcinogenic, and can cause allergic skin reactions. In the long term personal use of hair dye might therefore influence both morbidity and mortality. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that personal use of hair dye in women is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the general population. Methods We included 7,684 women from the Copenhagen City Heart Study with information on the use of personal hair dye. We assessed the risk of cancer, skin diseases, other morbidities, and mortality during a median follow-up of 27 years (range 0–37). Results The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for malignant melanoma in women with versus without personal use of hair dye was 2.07 (95% confidence interval 1.25–3.42). There was no increased risk of other cancer types. For other skin diseases and other major causes of morbidity we found no differences between the two groups, except for a minor excess of digestive diseases and increased risk of Parkinson’s disease among women using hair dye. Finally, we found no difference in all-cause mortality comparing women using personal hair dye or not. After correction for multiple comparisons, none of the results remained significant. However, in sensitivity analysis the excess risk of malignant melanoma remained increased with a hazard ratio of 2.58 (95%CI 1.33–5.03) among users of personal hair dye. Conclusions Personal use of hair dye does not have major influences on morbidity and mortality. Our finding of a 2-fold risk of malignant melanoma in women using hair dye is hypothesis generating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Vedel-Krogh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Åkerman G, Lidén C, Alhamdow A, Wojdacz TK, Broberg K, Albin M. Alterations of telomere length and DNA methylation in hairdressers: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:159-167. [PMID: 26637967 DOI: 10.1002/em.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Working as hairdressers has been associated with increased risk for cancer, particularly bladder cancer. To evaluate if current hairdressers have elevated risks of adverse health effects, we measured several biomarkers related to cancer-related DNA alterations. We enrolled 295 hairdressers and 92 non-hairdressers (all female non-smokers) from Stockholm and southern Sweden. Questionnaire data were collected for each participant, including work tasks for the hairdressers. We measured telomere length in peripheral blood leucocytes using quantitative PCR and DNA methylation status of genes relevant for bladder cancer using methylation sensitive high resolution melting analysis. The hairdressers had shorter telomeres (β = -0.069, P = 0.019) compared with non-hairdressers. Shorter telomeres were found in hairdressers up to 32 years old performing hair waving more than once per week as compared with hairdressers in the same age group performing hair waving less often (β = -0.12, P = 0.037). Hair waving was associated with less frequent CDKN2A methylation (odds ratio, OR = 0.19, P = 0.033). Shorter telomeres in hairdressers may indicate a genotoxic effect. Performing hair waving was associated with short telomere length, although the effect was only observed in young hairdressers. No clear patterns were discerned with regard to DNA methylation of bladder cancer-related genes. The observed changes of methylation were not all in the expected direction and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Åkerman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayman Alhamdow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz K Wojdacz
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Boding L, Hansen AK, Nielsen MM, Meroni G, Braunstein TH, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C. Midline 1 controls polarization and migration of murine cytotoxic T cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 2:262-71. [PMID: 25866633 PMCID: PMC4386920 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Midline 1 (MID1) is a microtubule-associated ubiquitin ligase that regulates protein phosphatase 2 A levels. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (OS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. We have recently shown that MID1 is strongly up-regulated in murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and that it has a significant impact on exocytosis of lytic granules and the killing capacity of CTLs. The aims of the present study were to determine the localization of MID1 in migrating CTLs, and to investigate whether MID1 affects CTL polarization and migration. We found that MID1 mainly localizes to the uropod of migrating CTLs and that it has a substantial impact on CTL polarization and migration in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of contact hypersensitivity responses supported that MID1 controls effector functions of CTLs in hapten-challenged skin in vivo. These results provide significant new knowledge on the role of MID1 in CTL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Boding
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann K Hansen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten M Nielsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Germana Meroni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas H Braunstein
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Corrigenda. Br J Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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