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Dong Q, Wang S, Miao Y, Luo H, Weng Z, Yu L. Novel antimicrobial peptides against Cutibacterium acnes designed by deep learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4529. [PMID: 38402320 PMCID: PMC10894229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) requires the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising avenue for the development of new treatments targeting C. acnes. In this study, to design peptides with the specific inhibitory activity against C. acnes, we employed a deep learning pipeline with generators and classifiers, using transfer learning and pretrained protein embeddings, trained on publicly available data. To enhance the training data specific to C. acnes inhibition, we constructed a phylogenetic tree. A panel of 42 novel generated linear peptides was then synthesized and experimentally evaluated for their antimicrobial selectivity and activity. Five of them demonstrated their high potency and selectivity against C. acnes with MIC of 2-4 µg/mL. Our findings highlight the potential of these designed peptides as promising candidates for anti-acne therapeutics and demonstrate the power of computational approaches for the rational design of targeted antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Dong
- Shanghai MetaNovas Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Shanghai MetaNovas Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Shanghai MetaNovas Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lun Yu
- Metanovas Biotech Inc., Foster City, 94404, USA.
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2
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Wu J, Guo R, Chai J, Xiong W, Tian M, Lu W, Xu X. The Protective Effects of Cath-MH With Anti-Propionibacterium Acnes and Anti-Inflammation Functions on Acne Vulgaris. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:788358. [PMID: 34955858 PMCID: PMC8696257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common adolescent skin condition which is mainly caused by Propionibacterium acnes overcolonization and subsequent inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Cath-MH, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin of the frog Microhyla heymonsivogt, possesses potential antimicrobial, LPS-binding, and anti-septicemic properties. However, its protective effects and potential mechanisms against acne vulgaris are still unclear. In the present study, its anti-P. acnes effects were measured by two-fold broth dilution method, agglutination assay, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. Its treatment potential for acne vulgaris was further evaluated in mice ear inoculated by P. acnes. In addition, the binding ability between Cath-MH and LTA was measured by the Circular Dichroism and antibacterial assay. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of Cath-MH was evaluated in LTA- and LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cath-MH was found to kill P. acnes with a MIC value of about 1.56 μM by membrane disruption mechanism. It also exhibited agglutination activity against P. acnes. Cath-MH was able to bind LTA as well as LPS, inhibit LTA/LPS-stimulated TLR2/4 expression, and subsequently decreased the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. As expected, Cath-MH alleviated the formation of edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in acne mouse model with concurrent suppression of P. acnes growth and inflammatory cytokines expression in vivo. The potent P. acnes inhibition activity combined with powerful anti-inflammatory effect of Cath-MH indicates its potential as a novel therapeutic option for acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Shan MY, Meng FQ, Zhou LB, Lu FX, Bie XM, Zhao HZ, Lu ZX. Surfactin inhibits the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:684-693. [PMID: 34607389 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role in acne vulgaris. In the pre-experiment, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited effectively using surfactin; however, the antibacterial mechanism has not been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity and analyse the mechanism of surfactin against P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentration, time-killing kinetics and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the activity of surfactin against P. acnes, which showed that 128 μg ml-1 effectively inhibited growth. Cell wall permeability was evaluated by detecting the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, which increased to 1·83- and 2·32-fold after incubating with 128 and 256 μg ml-1 of surfactin for 10 h, respectively. Propidium iodide fluorescence, leakage of nucleic acid, protein, K+ , and Ca2+ , membrane potential and the leakage of calcein from small unilamellar vesicles all increased after incubation with surfactin, indicating that its strong biological activities act mainly by altering membrane integrity. In a mouse model of acne, surfactin significantly reduced P. acnes-induced epidermal swelling and erythema. These results indicate that surfactin effectively inhibited the growth of P. acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane, and is a potential candidate for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Q Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L B Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X M Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Z Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chinnappan M, Harris-Tryon TA. Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1484-1495. [PMID: 34252227 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an organ with a dynamic ecosystem that harbours pathogenic and commensal microbes, which constantly communicate amongst each other and with the host immune system. Evolutionarily, skin and its microbiota have evolved to remain in homeostasis. However, frequently this homeostatic relationship is disturbed by a variety of factors such as environmental stress, diet, genetic mutations, and the microbiome itself. Commensal microbes also play a major role in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis. In addition to their ability to limit pathogens, many skin commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes have recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis either by directly modulating the host immune components or by supporting the expansion of other pathogenic microbes. Likewise, opportunistic skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are able to breach the skin and cause disease. Though much has been established about the microbiota's function in skin immunity, we are in a time where newer mechanistic insights rapidly redefine our understanding of the host/microbial interface in the skin. In this review, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between host defense strategies and the skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Activation of Deoxyribonuclease I by Nicotinamide as a New Strategy to Attenuate Tetracycline-Resistant Biofilms of Cutibacterium acnes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060819. [PMID: 34072745 PMCID: PMC8228415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of Cutibacterium (C.) acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) are responsible for the persistence and antibiotic resistance of acne vulgaris. In addition to the standard treatments for acne vulgaris, a common adjunctive treatment is the topical administration of nicotinamide (NAM). However, the effects of NAM on biofilms of C. acnes have never been explored. This study comprehensively investigates the effects of NAM against biofilms of C. acnes using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The results showed that NAM potentiated the efficacy of suboptimal dosing of tetracycline against C. acnes. Moreover, NAM alone decreased the formation and increased the degradation of biofilms in C. acnes. The antibiofilm effect of NAM against C. acnes was further enhanced in combination with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I, an enzyme with known antibiofilm properties. The computational molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and enzymatic kinetic assay demonstrated that NAM binds to DNase I and accelerated its reaction. In conclusion, NAM activates DNase I to attenuate biofilms of C. acnes. This offers valuable insights into the strategies against biofilms that are worth elaborating on in other biofilm-related chronic cutaneous infections in the future.
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Overview of Host Defense Peptides and Their Applications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:91-103. [PMID: 32590651 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host defense peptides are a family of endogenous short peptides that are found in all living beings and play a critical role in innate immunity against infection. METHODS A nonsystematic review of host defense peptides was conducted with specific interest in properties and applications relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery. RESULTS In addition to their direct antimicrobial actions against pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, they also demonstrate important functions in immunomodulation, tumor cell lysis, and tissue regeneration. These properties have made them a topic of clinical interest for plastic surgeons because of their potential applications as novel antibiotics, wound healing medications, and cancer therapies. The rising clinical interest has led to a robust body of literature describing host defense peptides in great depth and breadth. Numerous mechanisms have been observed to explain their diverse functions, which rely on specific structural characteristics. However, these peptides remain mostly experimental, with limited translation to clinical practice because of numerous failures to achieve acceptable results in human trials. CONCLUSIONS Despite the broad ranging potential of these peptides for use in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, they are rarely discussed in the literature or at scientific meetings. In this review, the authors provide a summary of the background, structure, function, bacterial resistance, and clinical applications of host defense peptides with the goal of stimulating host defense peptide-based innovation within the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
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Wu Y, Zhang G, Zhou M. Inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of two antimicrobial peptides moronecidin and temporin-1Dra against Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3255. [PMID: 32567152 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of acne. Antimicrobial peptides with low-drug resistance and nonresidual are potential anti-acne agents. In this study, two antimicrobial peptides named temporin-1Dra and moronecidin were synthesized and tested their antimicrobial activity against P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. These two peptides inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and P. acnes. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of temporin-1Dra and moronecidin to P. acnes were 30 and 10 μM, respectively. Both peptides exhibited strong resistance to heat and pH, but no obvious cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. They also displayed persistent antimicrobial activities in the microbial challenge test. In the P. acnes-induced inflammation mouse model, moronecidin significantly decreased the ear swelling thickness in a concentration-dependent manner. At the 14th day after injection, 20 μg/day moronecidin reduced the ear swelling thickness to 46.15 ± 5.23% compared with the normal cream group. Tissue staining showed that moronecidin effectively reduced abscess and thickness of the dermis layer. Our results indicate that the antimicrobial peptide moronecidin could be developed as a potential natural anti-acne agent in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial peptide BLP-7 against Propionibacterium acnes and its anti-inflammatory effect on acne vulgaris. Toxicon 2020; 184:109-115. [PMID: 32540219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, which is involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. An antimicrobial peptide named bombinin-like peptide 7 (BLP-7), which was determined from Bombina orientalis, has been shown to possess certain antibacterial activity. This study was carried out with synthesized BLP-7 on the basis of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BLP-7 against P. acnes is 5 μM. And BLP-7 exhibits strong resistance to heat, pH and salt concentration, but no significant cytotoxicity to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Using the co-culture of P. acnes and NHEKs, this study demonstrated that BLP-7 significantly reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as the expression of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines at the transcriptional level. In a separate study, using the rat ear edema model, BLP-7 significantly suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation, reducing the ear thickness by 54.21% of the negative control group. These results suggest that due to its anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory activities, BLP-7 could be used as a potential anti-acne agent.
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9
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de Nova PJG, Carvajal A, Prieto M, Rubio P. In vitro Susceptibility and Evaluation of Techniques for Understanding the Mode of Action of a Promising Non-antibiotic Citrus Fruit Extract Against Several Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31105673 PMCID: PMC6491944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening for alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need for the pharmaceutical industry. One of these alternatives seems to be the citrus fruit extracts, which are showing a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One of these citrus extracts, named BIOCITRO®, is assessed in this study to elucidate its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect and its mode of action on the important pathogens Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus. For most of the strains tested of these bacteria the product was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic at the same concentration, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 16 to 256 μg/mL. Regarding the mode of action, important changes in the permeability, structure, composition and morphology of the bacterial envelope were evidenced using flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main effect of the product was found over carbohydrates and polysaccharides, inducing the release of microvesicles by the cells in addition to other specific effects. During the study, the techniques used were evaluated to clarify their contribution to the knowledge of the mode of action of the product. The survival test elucidated whether the modifications displayed using other techniques affected the viability of the cells or on the contrary, the cells remained viable even with evident changes in their structure, composition or morphology. Flow cytometry showed that for some strains the proportion of cells detected with altered membrane permeability were higher than the number of non-viable cells, and therefore the damage did not affect the viability of some cells. On the contrary, some cells observed using scanning electron microscopy with no apparent damage, were demonstrated non-viable using the survival test, making this technique indispensable in studies of the mode of action of antimicrobials to make a correct interpretation of the data from other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. G. de Nova
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Isolation and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin (EantH) with antimicrobial activity from Euphorbia antiquorum L. latex. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1846-1854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han R, Blencke HM, Cheng H, Li C. The antimicrobial effect of CEN1HC-Br against Propionibacterium acnes and its therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects on acne vulgaris. Peptides 2018; 99:36-43. [PMID: 29108811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium, which is involved in acne inflammation. An antimicrobial peptide named CEN1HC-Br, which was isolated and characterized form the green sea urchin, has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Little is known concerning the potential effects of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties against P. acnes. To examine the potency of CEN1HC-Br in acne treatment, we conducted experiments to analyze the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of CEN1HC-Br both in vitro and in vivo. The antimicrobial activity of CEN1HC-Br was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays using the broth dilution method. To elucidate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect, HaCaT cells and human monocytes were treated with different concentration of CEN1HC-Br after stimulation by P. acnes. The expression of TLR2 and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, respectively, were measured by enzyme immunoassays. An evaluation of P. acnes-induced ear edema in rat ear was conducted to compare the in vivo antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of CEN1HC-Br, the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR. CEN1HC-Br showed stronger antimicrobial activity against P. acnes than clindamycin. CEN1HC-Br significantly reduced the expression of interleukin IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR2 in monocytes, but they were not influenced by clindamycin. Both CEN1HC-Br and Clindamycin attenuated P. acnes-induced ear swelling in rat along with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2. Our data demonstrates that CEN1HC-Br is bactericidal against P. acnes and that it has an anti-inflammatory effect on monocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect may partially occur through TLR2 down-regulation, triggering an innate immune response and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Han HM, Ko S, Cheong MJ, Bang JK, Seo CH, Luchian T, Park Y. Myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 suppress inflammatory responses through STAT3 and MAPKs to promote wound healing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87582-87597. [PMID: 29152103 PMCID: PMC5675655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds are continuously exposed to bacteria and can easily become infected. Infected wounds require antibiotic treatment, and infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are an important public health problem. Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, induce little or no drug resistance and may be suitable for treating skin infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. We previously reported the design and function of myxinidin and myxinidin analogues. Here we showed that myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 exhibit antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in high salt environments and in gelatin. Moreover, these peptides facilitated infected wound healing by decreasing inflammation through suppression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and regulation of downstream mediators such as STAT3, p38, JNK, and EGFR. In a mouse skin wound model infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 eliminated the infection and enhanced wound healing. We therefore propose the use of these peptides for treating infected wounds and burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Mi Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sujin Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Cheong
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea
| | - Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Ryu S, Johnson A, Park Y, Kim B, Norris D, Armstrong CA, Song PI. The Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Suppresses TLR2-Mediated Functional Responses through IRAK-M in Normal Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136887. [PMID: 26309029 PMCID: PMC4550463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a highly conserved 13-aa neuropeptide derived from pro-opiomelanocortin by post-translational processing, which has been reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity and a wide range of immunosuppressive activities in the skin. However, the regulatory effect of α-MSH is not completely clear in cutaneous innate immunity. In this study, we investigate the functional regulation of α-MSH in TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses in normal human keratinocytes (HKs). α-MSH pretreatment down-regulated the Staphylococcus aureus LTA-induced expression of both TLR2 and IL-8 as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation in HK cells. The inhibitory effect of α-MSH was blocked by agouti signaling protein (ASP), an α-MSH receptor-1 antagonist. To investigate the mechanism of this response in more detail, siRNA of IRAK-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling, was utilized in these studies. The α-MSH suppressive effect on IL-8 production and NF-κB transactivation was inhibited by IRAK-M siRNA transfection in HK cells. These results indicate that α-MSH is capable of suppressing keratinocyte TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses induced by S. aureus-LTA, thus demonstrating another novel immunomodulatory activity of α-MSH in normal human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Dermatology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PIS); (CAA)
| | - Peter I. Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PIS); (CAA)
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Ryu S, Han HM, Song PI, Armstrong CA, Park Y. Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes Infection and the Associated Inflammatory Response by the Antimicrobial Peptide P5 in Mice. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26197393 PMCID: PMC4510379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cutaneous inflammation associated with acne vulgaris is caused by the anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes through activation of the innate immune system in the skin. Current standard treatments for acne have limitations that include adverse effects and poor efficacy in many patients, making development of a more effective therapy highly desirable. In the present study, we demonstrate the protective effects of a novel customized α-helical cationic peptide, P5, against P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Application of P5 significantly reduced expression of two inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α in P. acnes-treated primary human keratinocytes, where P5 appeared to act in part by binding to bacterial lipoteichoic acid, thereby suppressing TLR2-to-NF-κB signaling. In addition, in a mouse model of acne vulgaris, P5 exerted both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects against P. acnes, but exerted no cytotoxic effects against skin cells. These results demonstrate that P5, and perhaps other cationic antimicrobial peptides, offer the unique ability to reduce numbers P. acnes cells in the skin and to inhibit the inflammation they trigger. This suggests these peptides could potentially be used to effectively treat acne without adversely affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyo Mi Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Peter I. Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YP); (CA)
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail: (YP); (CA)
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15
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Reinholz M. A peptide from a gastric pathogen for the treatment of acne. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1291. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Ludwig-Maximilian University; Frauenlobstr. 9-11 80337 Munich Germany
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