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Chatzilakou E, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for melanoma skin cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116045. [PMID: 38301546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a critical global public health concern, with melanoma being the deadliest variant, correlated to 80% of skin cancer-related deaths and a remarkable propensity to metastasize. Despite notable progress in skin cancer prevention and diagnosis, the limitations of existing methods accentuate the demand for precise diagnostic tools. Biosensors have emerged as valuable clinical tools, enabling rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) testing of skin cancer. This review offers insights into skin cancer development, highlights essential cutaneous melanoma biomarkers, and assesses the current landscape of biosensing technologies for diagnosis. The comprehensive analysis in this review underscores the transformative potential of biosensors in revolutionizing melanoma skin cancer diagnosis, emphasizing their critical role in advancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The increasing availability of these approaches supports direct diagnosis and aims to reduce the reliance on biopsies, enhancing POC diagnosis. Recent advancements in biosensors for skin cancer diagnosis hold great promise, with their integration into healthcare expected to enhance early detection accuracy and reliability, thereby mitigating socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chatzilakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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2
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Bauër P, Leemans M, Audureau E, Gilbert C, Armal C, Fromantin I. Remote Medical Scent Detection of Cancer and Infectious Diseases With Dogs and Rats: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221140516. [PMID: 36541180 PMCID: PMC9791295 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221140516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote medical scent detection of cancer and infectious diseases with dogs and rats has been an increasing field of research these last 20 years. If validated, the possibility of implementing such a technique in the clinic raises many hopes. This systematic review was performed to determine the evidence and performance of such methods and assess their potential relevance in the clinic. METHODS Pubmed and Web of Science databases were independently searched based on PRISMA standards between 01/01/2000 and 01/05/2021. We included studies aiming at detecting cancers and infectious diseases affecting humans with dogs or rats. We excluded studies using other animals, studies aiming to detect agricultural diseases, diseases affecting animals, and others such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Only original articles were included. Data about patients' selection, samples, animal characteristics, animal training, testing configurations, and performances were recorded. RESULTS A total of 62 studies were included. Sensitivity and specificity varied a lot among studies: While some publications report low sensitivities of 0.17 and specificities around 0.29, others achieve rates of 1 sensitivity and specificity. Only 6 studies were evaluated in a double-blind screening-like situation. In general, the risk of performance bias was high in most evaluated studies, and the quality of the evidence found was low. CONCLUSIONS Medical detection using animals' sense of smell lacks evidence and performances so far to be applied in the clinic. What odors the animals detect is not well understood. Further research should be conducted, focusing on patient selection, samples (choice of materials, standardization), and testing conditions. Interpolations of such results to free running detection (direct contact with humans) should be taken with extreme caution. Considering this synthesis, we discuss the challenges and highlight the excellent odor detection threshold exhibited by animals which represents a potential opportunity to develop an accessible and non-invasive method for disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bauër
- Institut Curie, Paris, France,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team CEpiA
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team CEpiA,Michelle Leemans, Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team CEpiA, 61 Av. du Général de Gaulle, 94000 Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France.
| | | | - Caroline Gilbert
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
| | | | - Isabelle Fromantin
- Institut Curie, Paris, France,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team CEpiA
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3
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Gao CQ, Wang SN, Wang MM, Li JJ, Qiao JJ, Huang JJ, Zhang XX, Xiang YQ, Xu Q, Wang JL, Liu ZH, Wang JG, Chen ZH, Hu PA, Song Z, Gu SJ, Zhang RX, Lei LF, Zhan KB, Long YT, Zhang Y, Ye M, Zhong Z, Liu YB, Zhang C, He ZM, Fang X, Peng JG, Wang CY, Xu H, Xia BH, Shen L, Tang BS, Zheng CW, Li YA, Guo JF. Sensitivity of Sniffer Dogs for a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1807-1816. [PMID: 36054272 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain complex, which is especially problematic for nonmovement disorder experts. A test is required to establish a diagnosis of PD with improved accuracy and reproducibility. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of tests using sniffer dogs to diagnose PD. METHODS A prospective, diagnostic case-control study was conducted in four tertiary medical centers in China to evaluate the accuracy of sniffer dogs to distinguish between 109 clinically established medicated patients with PD, 654 subjects without PD, 37 drug-naïve patients with PD, and 185 non-PD controls. The primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of sniffer dog's identification. RESULTS In the study with patients who were medicated, when two or all three sniffer dogs yielded positive detection results in a sample tested, the index test sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 91% (95% CI: 84%-96%), 95% (95% CI: 93%-97%), and 19.16 (95% CI: 13.52-27.16) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05-0.17), respectively. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios in patients who were drug-naïve were 89% (95% CI: 75%-96%), 86% (95% CI: 81%-91%), and 6.6 (95% CI: 4.51-9.66) and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05-0.32), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tests using sniffer dogs may be a useful, noninvasive, fast, and cost-effective method to identify patients with PD in community screening and health prevention checkups as well as in neurological practice. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Ni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Studies in Laboratory Animals, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Qin Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Gang Wang
- Department of Health Prevention, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Chen
- Department of Health Prevention, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping-An Hu
- Department of Health Prevention, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Juan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Fang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ting Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Bo Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Ming He
- National Institutes for the Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Peng
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xu
- San-Zhen Hospital, Changsha, China
| | | | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui-Wei Zheng
- Hongshan Street Community Health Service Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-An Li
- Hongshan Street Community Health Service Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Katsuyama M, Narita T, Nakashima M, Kusaba K, Ochiai M, Kunizawa N, Kawaraya A, Kuwahara Y, Horiuchi M, Nakamoto K. How emotional changes affect skin odor and its impact on others. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270457. [PMID: 35771844 PMCID: PMC9246182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gas emanating from human skin is known to vary depending on one's physical condition and diet. Thus, skin gas has been gaining substantial scholarly attention as an effective noninvasive biomarker for understanding different physical conditions. This study focuses on the relationship between psychological stress and skin gas, which has remained unclear to date. It has been deduced that when participants were subjected to interviews confirmed as stressful by physiological indicators, their skin emitted an odor similar to stir-fried leeks containing allyl mercaptan and dimethyl trisulfide. This characteristic, recognizable odor appeared reproducibly during the stress-inducing situations. Furthermore, the study deduced that individuals who perceive this stress odor experience subjective tension, confusion, and fatigue (Profile of Mood States scale). Thus, the study findings indicate the possibility of human nonverbal communication through odor, which could enhance our understanding of human interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Katsuyama
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomomi Narita
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakashima
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kusaba
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ochiai
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naomi Kunizawa
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawaraya
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukari Kuwahara
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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6
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Azzouzi N, Guillory AS, Chaudieu G, Galibert F. Dog olfactory receptor gene expression profiling using samples derived from nasal epithelium brushing. Canine Med Genet 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 35596227 PMCID: PMC9121576 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-022-00116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs have an exquisite sense of olfaction. In many instances this ability has been utilized by humans for a wide range of important situations including detecting explosives and illegal drugs. It is accepted that some breeds have better senses of smell than others. Dogs can detect many volatile compounds at extremely low concentrations in air. To achieve such high levels of detection, the canine olfactory system is both complex and highly developed requiring a high density of olfactory receptors capable of detecting volatiles. Consequently the dog genome encodes a large number of olfactory receptor (OR) genes. However, it remains unclear as to what extent are all of these OR genes expressed on the cell surface. To facilitate such studies, a nasal brushing method was developed to recover dog nasal epithelial cell samples from which total RNA could be extracted and used to prepare high quality cDNA libraries. After capture by hybridization with an extensive set of oligonucleotides, the level of expression of each transcript was measured following next generation sequencing (NGS). The reproducibility of this sampling approach was checked by analyzing replicate samples from the same animal (up to 6 per each naris). The quality of the hybridization capture was also checked by analyzing two DNA libraries; this offered an advantage over RNA libraries by having an equal presence for each gene. Finally, we compared this brushing method performed on living dogs to a nasal epithelium biopsy approach applied to two euthanized terminally ill dogs, following consent from their owners. Comparison the expression levels of each transcript indicate that the ratios of expression between the highest and the least expressed OR in each sample are greater than 10,000 (paralog variation). Furthermore, it was clear that a number of OR genes are not expressed. The method developed and described here will allow researchers to further address whether variations observed in the OR transcriptome relate to dog ‘life experiences’ and whether any differences observed between samples are dog-specific or breed-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual Azzouzi
- UMR6290 IGDR (Institut de Génétique Et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Guillory
- UMR6290 IGDR (Institut de Génétique Et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Chaudieu
- Clinique Vétérinaire Pole Santé Chanturgue, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francis Galibert
- UMR6290 IGDR (Institut de Génétique Et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France.
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7
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Ghislain M, Reyrolle M, Sotiropoulos JM, Pigot T, Le Bechec M. Chemical ionization of carboxylic acids and esters in negative mode selected ion flow tube – Mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Iitani K, Ramamurthy SS, Ge X, Rao G. Transdermal sensing: in-situ non-invasive techniques for monitoring of human biochemical status. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:198-205. [PMID: 34455345 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Improving life expectancy necessitates prevention and early diagnosis of any disease state based on active self-monitoring of symptoms and longitudinal biochemical profiling. Non-invasive and continuous measurement of molecular biomarkers that reflect metabolism and health must however be established to realize this plan. Human samples non-invasively obtained via the skin are suitable in this context for in-situ biochemical monitoring. We present a brief classification of transdermal sampling in aqueous and gaseous phases and then introduce a new generation of transdermal monitoring devices for rapid and accurate assessment of important parameters. Finally, we have summarized the diversity of body-wide skin characteristics that have possible effects for transdermal sampling. Because of its passive nature, in-situ biochemical monitoring via transdermal sampling will potentially lead to a greater understanding of important biochemical markers and their temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA.
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9
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Blum A, Viehmann M, Paredes BE. [From dog sniffing via dermoscopy to dysplastic nevus]. Hautarzt 2021; 73:88-92. [PMID: 34287667 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blum
- Hautarzt- und Lehrpraxis, Augustinerplatz 7, 78462, Konstanz, Deutschland.
| | | | - Bruno E Paredes
- MVZ Dermatopathologie, Friedrichshafen/Bodensee, Deutschland
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10
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Jankovskaja S, Engblom J, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Ruzgas T, Björklund S. Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker. Sci Rep 2021; 11:678. [PMID: 33436784 PMCID: PMC7803776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skaidre Jankovskaja
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Engblom
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Björklund
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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11
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Is it melanoma? Ask my dog! Melanoma Res 2020; 30:529-530. [PMID: 32890230 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Tschandl P, Wiesner T. Advances in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. Br J Dermatol 2019; 178:9-11. [PMID: 29357612 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wiesner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Duffy E, Morrin A. Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Koskinen A, Bachour A, Vaarno J, Koskinen H, Rantanen S, Bäck L, Klockars T. A detection dog for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:281-285. [PMID: 29797188 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to assess whether a dog can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apnea patients from healthy controls based on the olfactory detection of urine. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 23 adult male obstructive sleep apnea patients and from 20 voluntary adult male volunteers. Three dogs were trained through reinforced operant conditioning. RESULTS Two of the three dogs correctly detected two thirds of obstructive sleep apnea patients (p < 0.000194 and p < 0.000003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found that dogs can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apnea patients from healthy controls based on the smell of urine. Potentially, dogs could be utilized to identify novel biomarkers or possibly screen for obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Koskinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adel Bachour
- Sleep Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Vaarno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Koskinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Rantanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Bäck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Klockars
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
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Elliker KR, Williams HC. Detection of skin cancer odours using dogs: a step forward in melanoma detection training and research methodologies. Br J Dermatol 2017; 175:851-852. [PMID: 27790682 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, King's Meadow Campus, Lenton Lane, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, U.K..
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